Brief problem-solving questions in medical school examinations: is it necessary for students to explain their answers?

abstract：:A new computerized system for the allocation of pre-registration house-officer appointments to medical graduates at the Welsh National School of Medicine is described. The need to withdraw an earlier system, used through much of the 1970s, is explained, and the advantages possessed by the new system are discussed. ...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Johns KA,Dean CE

更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Although work-based assessments (WBA) may come closest to assessing habitual performance, their use for summative purposes is not undisputed. Most criticism of WBA stems from approaches to validity consistent with the quantitative psychometric framework. However, there is increasing research evidence that indic...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Govaerts M,van der Vleuten CP

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The major functions of examinations are noted and a scheme of multiple choice testing is outlined which distinguishes between the certification function and the grading function of examinations. This scheme has been in operation since January 1976 in the Department of Anatomy, University of Cape Town, and preliminary ...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Fredman M

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The undergraduate medical curriculum at Linköping was changed and problem-based learning introduced in 1986. As a consequence the need for new examinations arose. To assess the students' consultation skills, ability to use theory in practice and skills in problem-based learning, a new examination called 'phase examina...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Foldevi M,Svedin CG

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) skills tend to degrade over time. There is mounting evidence that high-fidelity simulation (HFS) is advantageous to teaching ACLS. The aspects of HFS that enhance learning are not entirely clear, but the anxiety generated by a scenario may enhance retention through well-e...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Demaria S Jr,Bryson EO,Mooney TJ,Silverstein JH,Reich DL,Bodian C,Levine AI

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:When training for junior doctors is being planned, little discussion is focused on what outcomes hospitals are trying to achieve with regard to education/training, i.e. on what makes the ideal hospital doctor. Instead, the primary focus is on the requirements of the syllabi of the Royal Colleges (credentiali...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Khera N,Stroobant J,Primhak RA,Gupta R,Davies H

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:The use of logbooks in the education of medical undergraduate students is not well-established. Traditionally, logbooks are used simply as a means for students to document their activities. This report examines whether logbooks used as an interactive vehicle between students and tutors can assist both studen...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Patil NG,Lee P

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Prescribing practices impact greatly on drug use and expenditure. The situation in developing countries is often compounded by a limited health budget. Furthermore, because of role substitution in these countries, prescribers are often not formally trained in rational prescribing. The study described in this...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Meyer JC,Summers RS,Möller H

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:OBJECTIVE The goal of this paper is to examine how to apply the science of learning to medical education. SCIENCE OF LEARNING The science of learning is the scientific study of how people learn. Multimedia learning - learning from words and pictures - is particularly relevant to medical education. The cognitive theory...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Mayer RE

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medical teachers' understanding of the vocabulary of medical education has been studied by asking a group of medical teachers whether they understood twenty-two commonly used and important medical educational terms, and whether they could distinguish between the terms. All the words presented some problem of comprehen...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Barker VF,Harden RM

更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：AIM:There are few publications summarising the main issues concerning pathology teaching and learning within undergraduate medical degrees. This article examines the themes that have emerged from the literature over the last 2 decades. METHOD:A literature search was performed using PubMed, which identified 86 relevant...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Marshall R,Cartwright N,Mattick K

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medical education is primarily about training physicians and maintaining their capabilities over time. Given that physicians are the primary focus of the field, there is a need for a clear idea of what physicians are or could be. This paper seeks to explore this issue by posing the simple question: ?Where do physician...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： H Ellaway R,Topps D,Topps M

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 63-item questionnaire on attitudes to psychosocial issues in medicine was administered to final-year students in the Faculties of Medicine (n = 104), Pharmacy (n = 57) and Arts and Social Sciences (n = 75) of the University of Benin. The responses given were analysed by the summation and Cornell scalogram techniques...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Nnodim JO,Osuji CU

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Apprenticeship learning is common in medical education, but is often situated in theoretical frameworks which highlight its cognitive but not its social dimension. METHODS:We conducted an ethnographic case study of paediatric residents' learning relationships with their preceptors in a community-based paediatr...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Balmer DF,Serwint JR,Ruzek SB,Giardino AP

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:There is a growing literature on diagnostic errors. The consensus of this literature is that most errors are cognitive and result from the application of one or more cognitive biases. Such biased reasoning is usually associated with 'System 1' (non-analytic, pattern recognition) thinking. METHODS:We review thi...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Norman GR,Eva KW

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:This research aims to identify the influences contributing to students' decisions to study medicine and to apply the findings to the design and targeting of outreach activities aimed at widening participation. METHODS:Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 15 medical students at a UK medical schoo...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： McHarg J,Mattick K,Knight LV

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:This article discusses the need for, and value of, providing students with instruction in how to use comprehension strategies as well as the effectiveness of inducing strategy use through cognitive disequilibrium. The leading assumption that guides this article is that learning facts and figures is not enoug...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： McNamara DS

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Computerised learning clearly offers exciting potential for improving student learning, either as an aid to or as a replacement for traditional formats, or for the development of innovative approaches. However, rigorous evaluation of the utility of computer-aided learning (CAL) in enhancing student learning ...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Hudson JN

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:A challenge for medical educators is to better understand the personal factors that lead to individual success in medical school and beyond. Recently, educational researchers in fields outside medicine have acknowledged the importance of motivation and emotion in students' learning and performance. These affect...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Artino AR,La Rochelle JS,Durning SJ

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A survey was conducted of the dental schools in the UK, inquiring about the teaching of psychology, sociology, epidemiology and psychiatry to dental undergraduates. Epidemiology was the most frequently taught and assessed subject, followed by psychology and sociology. Overall, the results indicate an increased concern...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Kent G

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Globally, people with the academic and personal attributes to successfully study medicine experience disadvantages associated with sociodemographic factors. Governments have attempted to address this issue via macrolevel policies aimed at widening participation (WP) to medicine. These policies differ by co...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Coyle M,Sandover S,Poobalan A,Bullen J,Cleland J

更新日期：2020-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Most medical schools in the UK have been engaged in major curriculum reform based on their premises of what might improve undergraduate medical education. In 1994 the course at the medical school of the University of Manchester changed to an integrated course using problem-based learning throughout and wit...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Jones A,McArdle PJ,O'Neill PA

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate the values and practices of assessment of the clinical practice of dental students by a sample of teachers in restorative dentistry. DESIGN:A questionnaire, based on the above objectives, was designed, piloted and redesigned. Its content was based on evidence-based good practice in assessment...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Manogue M,Brown G,Foster H

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new teaching programme for fourth-year medical students in child health in Harare, Zimbabwe is outlined. A 2-week attachment to a rural district-level hospital is intended to orient the students to primary health care and to the practice of clinical medicine in a low resource environment. The attachment has become p...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Waterston T,Sanders D

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:The challenges of maintaining comprehensive banks of valid checklists make context-specific checklists for assessment of clinical procedural skills problematic. OBJECTIVES:This paper reports the development of a tool which supports generic holistic assessment of clinical procedural skills. METHODS:We carried ...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： McKinley RK,Strand J,Gray T,Schuwirth L,Alun-Jones T,Miller H

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Simulated clinical immersion (SCI), in which clinical situations are simulated in a realistic environment, safely and gradually exposes novices to complex problems. Given their limited experience, undergraduate students can potentially be quite overwhelmed by SCI learning tasks, which may result in misleading l...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Tremblay ML,Leppink J,Leclerc G,Rethans JJ,Dolmans DHJM

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Finland primary health care has a long historical background. The local communities, the state and the church have at various times and places been responsible for primary health care during the last few centuries. In 1972, a major reform took place when a new Primary Health Care Act came into force. In the same ye...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Kumpusalo E,Tuomilehto J

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare 2 educational programmes for teaching evidence-based medicine (EBM). DESIGN:Prospective randomised controlled trial accompanied by a qualitative evaluation. SETTING:University of Oslo, Norway, 2002-03. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 175 students entered the study. All tenth semester medical students f...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Bradley P,Oterholt C,Herrin J,Nordheim L,Bjørndal A

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Doctors make many transitions whilst they are training and throughout their ensuing careers. Despite studies showing that transitions in other high-risk professions such as aviation have been linked to increased risk in the form of adverse outcomes, the effects of changes on doctors' performance and conseque...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Kilminster S,Zukas M,Quinton N,Roberts T

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:As part of curriculum evaluation, management and quality assurance strategies, many undergraduate medical schools are in the process of constructing computer-based curriculum maps. METHODS:A survey was distributed to Canadian and UK medical schools to determine the current status, characteristics, and challeng...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Willett TG

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00