Abstract:
:Recent declines in sea grass distribution underscore the importance of understanding microbial community structure-function relationships in sea grass rhizospheres that might affect the viability of these plants. Phospholipid fatty acid analyses showed that sulfate-reducing bacteria and clostridia were enriched in sediments colonized by the sea grasses Halodule wrightii and Thalassia testudinum compared to an adjacent unvegetated sediment. Most-probable-number analyses found that in contrast to butyrate-producing clostridia, acetogens and acetate-utilizing sulfate reducers were enriched by an order of magnitude in rhizosphere sediments. Although sea grass roots are oxygenated in the daytime, colorimetric root incubation studies demonstrated that acetogenic O-demethylation and sulfidogenic iron precipitation activities were tightly associated with washed, sediment-free H. wrightii roots. This suggests that the associated anaerobes are able to tolerate exposure to oxygen. To localize and quantify the anaerobic microbial colonization, root thin sections were hybridized with newly developed (33)P-labeled probes that targeted (i) low-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria, (ii) cluster I species of clostridia, (iii) species of Acetobacterium, and (iv) species of Desulfovibrio. Microautoradiography revealed intercellular colonization of the roots by Acetobacterium and Desulfovibrio species. Acetogenic bacteria occurred mostly in the rhizoplane and outermost cortex cell layers, and high numbers of sulfate reducers were detected on all epidermal cells and inward, colonizing some 60% of the deepest cortex cells. Approximately 30% of epidermal cells were colonized by bacteria that hybridized with an archaeal probe, strongly suggesting the presence of methanogens. Obligate anaerobes within the roots might contribute to the vitality of sea grasses and other aquatic plants and to the biogeochemistry of the surrounding sediment.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Küsel K,Pinkart HC,Drake HL,Devereux Rdoi
10.1128/AEM.65.11.5117-5123.1999keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-11-01 00:00:00pages
5117-23issue
11eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336journal_volume
65pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This work reports on the identification and molecular characterization of a two-component regulatory system (2CRS), encoded by serRK, which is believed to control the expression of the ser(2003) locus in Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003. The ser(2003) locus consists of two genes, Bbr_1319 (sagA) and Bbr_1320 (serU), whic...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01776-12
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microorganisms in diverse terrestrial surface and subsurface environments can anaerobically catalyze the oxidative dissolution of uraninite. While a limited quantity (∼5 to 12 μmol liter(-1)) of uranium is oxidatively dissolved in pure culture studies, the metabolism is coupled to electron transport, providing the pot...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02539-10
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) test for assessing the tuberculocidal activity of disinfectants has been shown to be variable. A modified AOAC test, which substituted Middlebrook 7H9 broth as the primary subculture medium and used neutralization by dilution, was compared with the standard AOAC m...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.6.1813-1817.1990
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteolytic but chitinase-deficient microbial cultures were isolated from shrimp shell waste and characterized. The most efficient isolate was found to be a mixed culture consisting of two Bacillus licheniformis strains, which were first determined microscopically and physiologically. Molecular characterization was ca...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00938-06
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel, semicontinuous solid-phase fermentation system was used to produce fuel ethanol from sweet sorghum. The process was at an intermediate scale. In the process, dried and shredded sweet sorghum was rehydrated to 70% moisture, acidified to pH 2.0 to 3.0, and either pasteurized (12 h at 70 to 80 degrees C) or not ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.51.1.115-122.1986
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A marine bacterial strain that decomposes the cell walls of some seaweeds, including a Laminaria sp. and Undaria pinnatifida, has been isolated from seawater. This strain has been classified to the genus Vibrio. One of the enzymes which the bacteria secreted into the culture medium was isolated and purified 45-fold fr...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.5.1549-1554.1993
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present work, we aimed at determining the relationship between the hepatitis A virus (HAV) numbers in imported frozen coquina clams involved in two hepatitis outbreaks, as well as the risk for human health. Due to HAV unculturability, a standardized TaqMan real-time reverse transcription-PCR controlling the vir...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01177-09
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inactivation of infectious viruses during drinking water treatment is usually achieved with free chlorine. Many drinking water utilities in the United States now use monochloramine as a secondary disinfectant to minimize disinfectant by-product formation and biofilm growth. The inactivation of human adenoviruses 2, 40...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01342-09
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the interest in Bacteroides species as microbial source tracking (MST) markers, and the limited knowledge of the survival of Bacteroides species in the environment, here we examine the survival of Bacteroides fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron, and environmental species of Bacteroides by use of culture techniques and...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00883-10
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of Lactococcus lactis (the most extensively characterized lactic acid bacterium) as a delivery organism for heterologous proteins is, in some cases, limited by low production levels and poor-quality products due to surface proteolysis. In this study, we combined in one L. lactis strain use of the nisin-inducib...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.6.3141-3146.2002
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cholera toxin genes of Vibrio cholerae are encoded by CTXΦ, a lysogenic bacteriophage. Infection with this phage plays a determinant role in toxigenicity conversion and the emergence of new clones of pathogenic V. cholerae. Multiple phage alleles, defined by sequence types of the repressor gene rstR, have been fou...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01742-15
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factors affecting natural transformation of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus BD413 with homologous chromosomal DNA in a silt loam soil microcosm were investigated. Inducible transformation of declining populations of noncompetent A. calcoaceticus cells was detectable for up to 6 days when a simple carbon source, salts, and...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.63.10.3972-3977.1997
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Green mold disease (causal agent, Trichoderma) has resulted in severe crop losses on mushroom farms worldwide in recent years. We analyzed 160 isolates of Trichoderma from mushroom farms for morphological, cultural, and molecular characteristics and classified these isolates into phenotypic groups. The most common gro...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.1.133-137.1998
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A genetic transformation system with similarities to those reported for gram-negative bacteria was found to be associated with membrane vesicles of the ruminal cellulolytic genus Ruminococcus. Double-stranded DNA was recovered from the subcellular particulate fraction of all the cellulolytic ruminococci examined. Elec...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.8.4248-4253.2005
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diversity among 130 strains of Bacillus polymyxa was studied; the bacteria were isolated by immunotrapping from nonrhizosphere soil (32 strains), rhizosphere soil (38 strains), and the rhizoplane (60 strains) of wheat plantlets growing in a growth chamber. The strains were characterized phenotypically by 63 auxanograp...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.58.6.1894-1903.1992
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method for the measurement of specific levels of gene expression that combines target mRNA and target DNA quantitation has been developed. The use of target gene dose as a normalizing factor for mRNA provides an alternative to 16S or 23S rRNA, which are unsuitable for use in the environment because of their presence...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.2.451-457.1993
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heavy metal resistance by bacteria is a topic of much importance to the bioremediation of contaminated soils and sediments. We report here the isolation of a highly cadmium-resistant Klebsiella planticola strain, Cd-1, from reducing salt marsh sediments. The strain grows in up to 15 mM CdCl(2) under a wide range of Na...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.7.3083-3087.2000
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::While screening aerobic, heterotrophic marine bacteria for production of volatile organic compounds, we found that a group of isolates produced substantial amounts of acetone. Acetone production was confirmed by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The m...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.1.44-47.1995
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stored sugarbeet roots began fermenting within 24 h after oxygen was depleted at 26 C when the resident bacterial populations increased dramatically. Most of the bacteria present after anaerobic storage for 7 days at 26 C could hydrolyze sucrose in vitro. Although pH and sucrose levels decreased and invert sugar level...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.31.5.754-757.1976
更新日期:1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The scarcity of fresh water in the Mediterranean region necessitates the search for halotolerant agents of biological control of plant diseases that can be applied in arid-zone agriculture irrigated with saline water. Among 29 Trichoderma strains previously isolated from Mediterranean Psammocinia sp. sponges, the grea...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00541-11
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have analyzed the impact of surface-to-volume ratio on final bacterial concentrations after batch growth. We examined six bottle sizes (20 to 1,000 ml) using three independent enumeration methods to quantify growth. We found no evidence of a so-called volumetric bottle effect, thus contradicting numerous previous r...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01914-09
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colletotrichum trifolii is the causative organism of alfalfa anthracnose. We previously cloned and characterized the small prototypical G protein, Ras, of C. trifolii, which is involved in the signaling pathways that mediate interaction between the pathogen and its host. Transformants expressing constitutively active ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.4.1647-1651.2002
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent (R)-dichlorprop dioxygenase (RdpA) and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent (S)-dichlorprop dioxygenase (SdpA), which are involved in the degradation of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides in Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH, were expressed and purified as His6-tagged fusion proteins from Escherichia...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02758-05
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Commercial turkey flocks in North Carolina have been found to be colonized frequently with Campylobacter coli strains that are resistant to several antimicrobials (tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and ciprofloxacin/nalidixic acid). Such strains have been designated multidrug resistant (MDR). Howeve...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02346-06
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The flagellate Caduceia versatilis in the gut of the termite Cryptotermes cavifrons reportedly propels itself not by its own flagella but solely by the flagella of ectosymbiotic bacteria. Previous microscopic observations have revealed that the motility symbionts are flagellated rods partially embedded in the host cel...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00750-07
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The continuous addition of toluene as a solute of treated ballast water from oil tankers into a well-defined estuary facilitated the study of the dynamics of dissolved hydrocarbon metabolism in seawater. Most rates of toluene oxidation were in the range of 1 to 30 pg/liter per h at 0.5 mug of toluene per liter. Near t...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.42.4.708-719.1981
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To enhance the production of isoprene, a volatile 5-carbon hydrocarbon, in the Gram-positive spore-forming rod-shaped bacterium Bacillus subtilis, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (Dxs) and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (Dxr) were overexpressed in B. subtilis DSM 10. For the strain that overex...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02341-10
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of CO2 availability on cell size, shape, and aggregation in continuous cultures of Candida utilis was studied in minimal medium with glucose or ethanol as the sole carbon and energy source. Enrichment with CO2 was achieved (i) by using the substrate with more C atoms, (ii) by using pure oxygen and thus decr...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.40.5.855-861.1980
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is widely used to produce recombinant proteins, taking advantage of this species' high-density cell growth and strong ability to secrete proteins. Circular plasmids containing the P. pastoris-specific autonomously replicating sequence (PARS1) permit transformation of P. pastori...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02882-17
更新日期:2018-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::pBV-1, a recombinant plasmid that contains a chromosomal DNA fragment from Bacteroides vulgatus, hybridized to DNA from B. vulgatus but not to DNA from other colonic Bacteroides species. This plasmid was used as a DNA probe to detect and enumerate B. vulgatus in pure culture, in mixed cultures, and in a bacterial frac...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.50.4.958-964.1985
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00