Abstract:
:Secreted and surface-exposed antigens of intracellular pathogens are thought to provide target structures for detection by the host immune system. The major secreted product of intracellular Leishmania mexicana amastigotes, a proteophosphoglycan (aPPG), is known to contribute to the establishment of the parasitophorous vacuole and is able to activate complement. aPPG belongs to a novel class of serine- and threonine-rich Leishmania proteins that are extensively modified by phosphodiester-linked phosphooligosaccharides and terminal mannooligosaccharides. Here we show that mice chronically infected with L. mexicana generally do not produce antibodies or Th cells specific for aPPG. Similarly, antibody titers are very low in mice vaccinated with aPPG, and specific CD4+ T cells are undetectable. Comparative analyses of other Leishmania glycoconjugates indicate that L. mexicana-specific carbohydrate structures are poorly immunogenic in mice and that the proteophosphoglycan aPPG behaved immunologically like a carbohydrate. The latter observation is explained by the lack of induction of aPPG-specific CD4+ T cells. In contrast, recombinant aPPG peptides stimulate CD4+ T-cell responses and high titers of specific antibodies are found in the sera of mice vaccinated with these peptides. Native aPPG is highly resistant to proteinases and apparently cannot be degraded by macrophages. It is concluded that conventional CD4+ T cells against the polypeptide backbone of aPPG are not induced because the molecule resists antigen processing due to its extensive and complex carbohydrate modification. The complex glycan chains of aPPG, which exhibit important biological functions for the parasite, may therefore also have evolved to evade detection by the immune system of the host organism.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Aebischer T,Harbecke D,Ilg Tdoi
10.1128/IAI.67.10.5379-5385.1999keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-10-01 00:00:00pages
5379-85issue
10eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
67pub_type
杂志文章abstract::While gamma/delta T cells are involved in host defense and immunopathology in a variety of infectious diseases, their precise role is not yet clearly defined. In the absence of gamma/delta T cells, mice die after infection with a dose of Listeria monocytogenes that is not lethal in immunologically intact animals. Morb...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.12.7213-7223.2001
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hemolytic and sphingomyelinase C activities of supernatants of cultures of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona tended to copurify when isoelectric fractionation was carried out. Both activities focused primarily at pH 8.1. Considered in conjunction with other circumstantial evidence, the results led to the concl...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.54.1.262-264.1986
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, loses its ability to infect and cause disease in mammalian hosts after repeated in vitro passage. To identify proteins preferentially expressed by the low-passage strain and thus representing potential virulence factors, the polypeptide profiles of virulent, l...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.11.4662-4672.1992
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus suis is one of the most important pathogens affecting the swine industry and is also an emerging zoonotic agent for humans. Two-component signaling systems (TCSs) play important roles in the adaptation of pathogenic bacteria to host environments. In this study, we identified a novel TCS, named TCS09HKRR,...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00377-19
更新日期:2019-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::Mice infected with various strains of Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimurium were found to be more sensitive to the cell wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from certain strains of Salmonella than noninfected mice. This hypersensitivity was induced by those smooth or rough strains which possessed a polysacchari...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.4.5.519-524.1971
更新日期:1971-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used to quantitate, in milligrams per milliliter, anti-colonization factor antigen/I (CFA/I) immunoglobulin G (IgG) in acute- and convalescent-phase sera of individuals who experienced diarrhea associated with CFA/I-positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Purified...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.27.2.525-531.1980
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several monoclonal antibodies directed against gonococcal pili have been used to investigate the potential contribution of anti-pilus antibodies to host defense against gonococcal infection. Included were two antibodies (SM1 and SM2) which reacted with conserved determinants present on pili from all strains tested and...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.49.3.621-628.1985
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Mycobacterium tuberculosis exported repetitive protein (Erp) is a virulence determinant required for growth in cultured macrophages and in vivo. To better understand the role of Erp in Mycobacterium pathogenesis, we generated a mutation in the erp homologue of Mycobacterium marinum, a close genetic relative of M. ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.02061-05
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms that govern the initial interaction between Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a primary dimorphic fungal pathogen, and cells of the innate immunity need to be clarified. Our previous studies showed that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 regulate the initial interaction of fungal cells with macrophages a...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00375-10
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it has been known for some time that Salmonella typhimurium is able to survive and even replicate in the normally bactericidal environment of the macrophage phagosome, the mechanisms by which this organism accomplishes this feat remain obscure. In this study, a murine macrophage cell line and confocal immunof...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.65.4.1475-1485.1997
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gonococci from opaque colonies have cell wall outer membrane proteins that are lacking from organisms which form transparent colonies. These "colony opacity-associated" proteins are among a group of "minor" proteins that exhibit heat modification of their apparent subunit molecular sizes, are easily extracted by deoxy...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.28.1.54-64.1980
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dermotropism of Cryptococcus neoformans SLHA in congenitally athymic (nu/nu) and doubly immunodeficient beige-athymic (bg/bg-nu/nu) mice is described. Both bg/bg-nu/nu and nu/nu mice developed cutaneous cryptococcosis within 7 to 12 days following intravenous challenge with 10(4) encapsulated yeast cells. Macrosco...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.59.5.1785-1789.1991
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Archival gastric tissues from 10 of 39 gnotobiotic piglets colonized with Helicobacter pylori 26695 contained stromal leukocytic inflammation along with ulcers and erosions. In contrast, gastric tissues from 54 archival control piglets were devoid of both inflammation and ulcers. These data confirm the hypothesis that...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.63.6.2352-2355.1995
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The skin microenvironment at the site of infection plays a role in the early events that determine protective T helper 1/type 1 immune responses during cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) infection. During CL in nonhealing BALB/c mice, early interleukin-4 (IL-4) can instruct dendritic cells for protective Th1 immunity. Addit...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00710-18
更新日期:2018-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Thymidine kinase (TK) from herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) biochemically transformed HeLa cells, purified by affinity chromatography, has been characterized with respect to its electrophoretic mobility, molecular weight, activation energy, substrate specificity, and immunological specificity. TK purified from HSV-...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.16.2.486-492.1977
更新日期:1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bordetella pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough, has the ability to modulate its phenotype in response to environmental conditions by using the BvgAS sensory transduction system which is encoded by the vir locus (now known as bvg). The BvgAS system is part of a large family of two-component sensory trans...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.63.10.3780-3789.1995
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whooping cough results from infection of the respiratory tract with Bordetella pertussis, and the secreted adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) is essential for the bacterium to establish infection. Despite extensive study of the mechanism of ACT cytotoxicity and its effects over a range of concentrations in vitro, ACT has n...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00110-13
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed an efficient electrotransformation system for the pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum and used it to examine the effects of features of the transforming DNA on transformation efficiency and fate of the transforming DNA and to demonstrate fungal expression of two recombinant Escherichia coli genes, hp...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.66.4.1697-1707.1998
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum from rabbits immunized with either heat-killed or live nonencapsulated Staphylococcus aureus failed further to enhance phagocytosis and intracellular killing of the homologous organism by either normal rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes or monocytes, when compared with normal rabbit serum. These immune sera did...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.2.6.742-749.1970
更新日期:1970-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neisseria meningitidis is a human-specific pathogen and leading cause of meningitis and septicemia. Factor H binding protein (fHbp), a virulence factor which protects N. meningitidis from innate immunity by binding the human complement regulator factor H (fH) with high affinity, is also a key antigen in vaccines being...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01183-13
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colonization by Bordetella bronchiseptica results in a variety of inflammatory respiratory infections, including canine kennel cough, porcine atrophic rhinitis, and a whooping cough-like disease in humans. For successful colonization, B. bronchiseptica must acquire iron (Fe) from the infected host. A vast amount of Fe...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00407-07
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats kept under germfree conditions showed lower specific lysosomal enzyme activities in liver endothelial cells, but not in Kupffer cells. ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.33.2.620-622.1981
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intravenous injection of rat anti-mouse gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) monoclonal antibody as well as rabbit anti-mouse tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibody into mice which had received a sublethal infection with Listeria monocytogenes cells resulted in acceleration of listeriosis. Endogenous IFN-gamma seemed to be prod...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.57.11.3331-3337.1989
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes causes meningoencephalitis in humans. In rodents, listeriosis is associated with granulomatous lesions in the liver and the spleen, but not with meningoencephalitis. Here, infant rats were infected intracisternally to generate experimental listeric meningoencephalitis. Dose-depende...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.6.4086-4093.2001
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in vitro has been suggested to correlate with the reactogenicity of Vibrio cholerae vaccine candidates. V. cholerae vaccine candidate 638, a hemagglutinin protease/hap-defective strain, was recently reported to be well tolerated in human volunteers, suggesting a role for Hap in re...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.72.1.389-397.2004
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three groups of cattle, each group comprising six animals, were inoculated intravenously with populations of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma vivax. The first group received T. vivax clone ILDat 1.3 derived from an isolate from Nigeria, while the other two received T. vivax stocks IL 1875 or IL 2133 isolated from Coas...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.54.2.444-447.1986
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli 83972 is a clinical asymptomatia bacteriuric isolate that is able to colonize the human urinary bladder without inducing an immune response. Here we demonstrate that one of the mechanisms by which this strain has become attenuated is through the mutation of its genes encoding type 1 and P fimbriae. ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.74.1.781-785.2006
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Shigella flexneri a 220-kilobase plasmid encodes the ability to invade nonprofessional phagocytes by a mechanism similar to phagocytosis. In this report, the continuous macrophage cell line J774 was used to study the intracellular fate of both invasive and noninvasive strains. pWR100, the virulence plasmid of S. fl...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.55.3.521-527.1987
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The coagulase-negative species Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an emerging cause of serious and potentially life-threatening infections, such as infective endocarditis. The pathogenesis of these infections is characterized by the ability of S. lugdunensis to form biofilms on either biotic or abiotic surfaces. To elucida...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00775-15
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A main feature in the pathogenesis of bacterial endocarditis is the activation of the coagulation system via the extrinsic pathway, resulting in the formation of infected endocardial vegetations. Earlier studies gave indirect evidence that monocytes play an important role in the procoagulant response during the course...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.2.448-451.1996
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00