Abstract:
AIMS:The aim of this study was to determine the potential influence of variables such as the cell content in the fluid, and serum levels, on the concentrations of ceftibuten, cefixime and azithromycin in the middle ear fluid of patients suffering from acute otitis media. METHODS:This randomized, open study compared the penetration of ceftibuten (9 mg kg(-1) 18 patients), cefixime (8 mg kg(-1), 16 patients) and azithromycin (10 mg kg(-1) 16 patients) into the intracellular and extracellular compartments of middle ear fluid of 50 paediatric patients (aged 8-14 years) with acute otitis media. Middle ear fluid was extracted by tympanocentesis 4, 12 and 24 h after dosing and divided into two fractions: with cells (as collected) (C+) and cell-free (C-). Antibiotics were assayed in C+ and C- samples by h.p.l.c. RESULTS:Ceftibuten achieved greater penetration into middle ear fluid than cefixime and azithromycin. Higher concentrations of ceftibuten (CTB) and cefixime (CFX) were found in the C- fraction (CTB: 4h 13.3+/-1.86; 12h 4.7+/-1.18; 24h 0.5+/-0.2. CFX: 4h 3.2+/-1.4; 12h 1.5+/-0.5; 24h>(0.1 mgl(-1)) than in the C+ fraction (CTB:4 h 8.4+/-4.3; 12 h 2.88+/-1.19; 24 h 0.3+/-0.27. CFX: 4 h 1.2+/-0.6; 12 h 0.8+/-0.2; 24 h>0.1 mg l(-1)) at the each time point, while the opposite was true for azithromycin (C-: 4 h 0.11+/-0.04; 12 h 0.12+/-0.08; 24 h 0.23+/-0.12. C+: 4 h 0.38+/-0.24; 12 h 0.9+/-0.03; 24 h 1.05+/-0.3 mg l(-1)). CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates that the penetration of antibiotics into the middle ear fluid is influenced by its serum concentrations as well as by the cell content in the fluid. Ceftibuten achieved higher middle ear fluid concentrations than cefixime in C+ and C- fractions at all time points. Both ceftibuten and cefixime concentrations are negatively influenced by the cell content in the fluid. In contrast the concentration of azithromycin to the middle ear fluid is positively influenced by the cell content in the fluid.
journal_name
Br J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Scaglione F,Demartini G,Dugnani S,Arcidiacono MM,Pintucci JP,Fraschini Fdoi
10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00887.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-03-01 00:00:00pages
267-71issue
3eissn
0306-5251issn
1365-2125journal_volume
47pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::1. The interaction between cyclosporin (CyA) and erythromycin was studied in renal transplant patients following oral and intravenous administration of CyA. 2. Blood and plasma CyA concentrations and blood concentrations of metabolite 17 were measured by h.p.l.c. 3. Erythromycin produced almost a two-fold increase in ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb05396.x
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:High plasma cholesterol concentration and increased platelet activity are two major risk factors for atherosclerosis. Lovastatin, the lipophilic drug was shown to inhibit platelet aggregation whereas pravastatin, the hydrophilic drug had no such effect. Analysis of the effect of fluvastatin which is both a lipophi...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1997.00625.x
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Six healthy male volunteers received a total of 2500 mg of a new cephalosporin antibiotic Ro13-9904 by intramuscular injection in five divided doses at intervals of 12 h. 2 No significant systemic side-effects were observed and this was confirmed haematologically and biochemically. 3 The drug was distributed followi...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01188.x
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Case reports and small case series suggest increased central nervous system (CNS) toxicity, especially convulsions, after overdose of mefenamic acid, compared with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), although comparative epidemiological studies have not been conducted. The current study compared r...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.13169
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 The clinical pharmacokinetics of the many benzodiazepines used to treat numerous and varied clinical conditions can be influenced by many factors. 2 Combinations of drugs efficacious in the central nervous system can change the onset, intensity and duration of effect as a result of pharmacological, physiological and...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01843.x
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolomics is recognized as a powerful top-down system biological approach to understand genetic-environment-health paradigms paving new avenues to identify clinically relevant biomarkers. It is nowadays commonly used in clinical applications shedding new light on physiological regulatory processes of complex mammal...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04216.x
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of moxetumomab pasudotox, an anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin, in adults with relapsed or refractory hairy cell leukaemia, we examined data from a phase 1 study (Study 1001; n = 49) and from the pivotal clinical study (Study 1053; n = 74). METHODS:Data from both studies ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.14250
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Experimental pain models may help to evaluate the mechanisms of analgesics and target the clinical indications for their use. This review, the second in a series of two, addresses how the efficacy of non-opioid analgesics have been assessed in human volunteers using experimental pain models. METHODS:A literature s...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03433.x
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We attempted to collect information on the metabolism and production of angiotensins (ANG) in different vascular beds in humans by constant i.v. infusion of mono-iodinated [125I]-ANG I into subjects with essential hypertension, at the time of renal vein catheterization as part of the diagnostic work-up for renovasc...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03586.x
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To estimate the rates of common adverse events in patients treated with the proton pump inhibitors omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole in general practice in England. METHODS:In prescription-event monitoring cohort studies, data on dispensed prescriptions prescribed by general practitioners in England soon ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00262.x
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present study was to determine the risk of myopathy in older people receiving statin therapy. METHODS:Eligible studies were identified searching Ovid Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane and PSYCHINFO databases (1987 to July 2014). The selection criteria comprised randomized controlled st...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1111/bcp.12687
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Ototoxicity is a common and troublesome side-effect of high-dose aspirin treatment but there has been little previous study of the relationships between the degree of ototoxicity and the plasma concentrations of salicylate. 2. In order to investigate the relationships between aspirin dose, total and unbound plasma ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03562.x
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To characterize the romiplostim dose-response in subjects with low or intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) receiving subcutaneous romiplostim. METHODS:Data from 44 MDS subjects receiving subcutaneous romiplostim (dose range 300-1500 μg week(-1) ) were used to develop a pharmacodynamic model consisti...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.12041
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:SNF472 is a calcification inhibitor being developed for the treatment of cardiovascular calcification in haemodialysis (HD) and in calciphylaxis patients. This study investigated the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of intravenous (IV) SNF472 in healthy volunteers (HV) and HD patients. METHODS:This ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/bcp.13752
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Spirometry, plethysmography and impulse oscillometry (IOS) measure different aspects of lung function. These methods have not been compared for their ability to assess long- and short-acting anticholinergic agents. We therefore performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-way cross-over study in 30 healthy s...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02594.x
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:We investigated whether moxifloxacin-induced QTc prolongations in Japanese and Caucasian healthy male volunteers were significantly different. METHODS:A two period, randomized, crossover, ICH-E14-compliant thorough QT (TQT) study compared placebo-corrected changes in QTc interval from baseline (ΔΔQTc F) and concen...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/bcp.12684
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Since patients who regularly take NSAIDS may use sucralfate because of its cytoprotective properties, we examined the influence of this compound on the pharmacokinetics of diclofenac. METHODS:Potassium diclofenac (105 mg) was administered orally to eighteen healthy male volunteers with or without a 5-day pre-trea...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1997.tb00040.x
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of immune checkpoints and their role in modulating immune response have revolutionised cancer treatment in recent years. The immune checkpoints, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed cell death protein 1 and its ligand, programmed cell death-ligand 1, have been extensively studied. Curr...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/bcp.14338
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Potential therapies for ischaemic stroke include agents to reduce oedema, to improve cerebral perfusion, to reduce excitotoxic damage, to minimise free-radical induced injury and to reduce complications such as deep venous thrombosis. 2. Of the anti-oedema drugs, steroids are ineffective and possibly dangerous; int...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1992.tb05655.x
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To investigate the spectrum of toxicity of moclobemide overdose, the occurrence of serotonin toxicity, and to estimate toxicokinetic parameters. METHODS:All moclobemide overdoses presenting over a 10-year period to the Hunter Area Toxicology Service were reviewed. Clinical features, complications, length of stay ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01895.x
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide have been studied in nine children receiving the drug as prophylaxis for cytotoxic induced vomiting. Plasma concentrations of metoclopramide have also been studied in three children with dystonic reactions to the drug. The pharmacokinetics in children were similar to those report...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb02090.x
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The aim of the study was to simplify the dosing regimen of peginterferon alfa-2a in paediatric patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS:A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed using PK data from 14 children aged 2-8 years and 402 adults. Simulations were produced to identify a simplified dosing reg...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.12816
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The therapeutic action of tricyclic agents may be accompanied by unwanted effects on the cardiovascular system. The evidence for the effects on vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle comes from animal studies. Whether these studies can be extrapolated to human vessels remains to be determined. Therefore, the prese...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00002.x
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The aim was to examine relationships between total and unbound mycophenolic acid (MPA) and prednisolone exposure and clinical outcomes in patients with lupus nephritis. METHODS:Six blood samples were drawn pre- and at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h post-dose and total and unbound MPA and prednisolone pre-dose (C0 ), maximum ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.12678
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The systemic effects of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP), administered via Diskhaler, on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were assessed primarily by measuring plasma cortisol at frequent intervals for 20 h after drug administration. 2. FP showed a dose-related suppression of plasma cortisol measured ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04393.x
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The objectives were to investigate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of ilaprazole infusion in healthy subjects and patients with esomeprazole as positive control, and then recommend the dosage regimen for Phase 2b/3 studies. METHODS:Three clinical studies were performed. First, 16 healthy subject...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/bcp.14076
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both empirical epidemiological data on the causes of traffic accidents and conceptual models of skilled human performance stress the central role of perception and cognition. This paper examines the effects of drugs on two major components of cognitive perceptual performance, namely, concentrated attention or vigilanc...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02582.x
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Plasma concentrations of metoprolol and a pharmacologically active metabolite, H119/66, have been measured in young and elderly volunteers after a single dose of 100 mg metoprolol tartrate and after repeated administrated over a period of 1 week. Whilst concentrations of metoprolol are similar in each group, concent...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb00536.x
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To examine the predictive value of gene polymorphisms potentially linked to toxicity, clinical response, time to progression and overall survival, following cetuximab-tegafur-uracil (UFT)-irinotecan therapy. METHODS:Fifty-two patients with advanced colorectal cancer were enrolled in an ancillary pharmacogenetic st...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04141.x
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Self-poisoning by ingestion or inhalation is common, and it is important to study its various epidemiological manifestations with clear definitions. Data on fatal self-poisonings are recorded nationally within the UK and are codified according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) revision relevant at ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01910.x
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00