Abstract:
:This manuscript explores the ethics of human inoculation experiments in young healthy adults with wild-type severe acute respiratory sydrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a tool to evaluate vaccine efficacy in the context of the Nuremberg Code, the Declaration of Helsinki, and the Belmont Report, and in the context of dose-response relationships with infectious agents. Despite societal pressure to develop a SARS-CoV-2 challenge model to evaluate vaccines, we argue that there are substantial risks that cannot be adequately defined because the dose of SARS-CoV-2 that causes severe disease in young adults is unknown. In the absence of curative therapy, even if a volunteer consents, longstanding ethical codes governing human subjects research preclude the conduct of such experiments.
journal_name
Open Forum Infect Disjournal_title
Open forum infectious diseasesauthors
Spinola SM,Broderick C,Zimet GD,Ott MAdoi
10.1093/ofid/ofaa615subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-28 00:00:00pages
ofaa615issue
1issn
2328-8957pii
ofaa615journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract:Background:In December 2018, a large, tertiary, university-affiliated hospital in the Philippines discovered that their legitimate supply chain was infiltrated with counterfeit rabies vaccines. Methods:All vials suspected to be counterfeit were quarantined and surrendered to the Philippine Food and Drug Administration...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
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abstract:Background:Oncological patients have several additional risk factors for developing a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED)-related infection. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical impact of our comprehensive bundle approach that includes the novel minocycline and rifampin antimicrobial mesh (TYRX) for the preven...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
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更新日期:2020-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::Cryptococcus gattii represents an emerging fungal pathogen of immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts in the United States. To our knowledge, this is the first case of posttransplant immune reconstitution syndrome due to C. gattii meningoencephalitis successfully treated with corticosteroids. We also report succes...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofz460
更新日期:2019-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated health outcomes among people who inject drugs who are infected with hepatitis C virus using an artificial intelligence platform. Mean (SD) cumulative adherence (visual confirmation of administration) was 91.3% (10.5%). Most subjects (88.2%) achieved ≥80% adherence to treatment, and 88.2% (15 of 17...
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abstract:Background:Concomitant dosing of ledipasvir (LDV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) results in an increased tenofovir (TFV) area under the curve (AUC). The aim of this study was to examine whether there was a correlation between the renal biomarkers retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) and β2 microglobulin (β2M) and...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract:Background:US hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients have a low prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), but if latently infected they are at risk for progression to active tuberculosis. At our center, all HCT recipients underwent LTBI testing pretransplant by tuberculin skin testing (TST) until...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
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更新日期:2020-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy251.]. ...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
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更新日期:2019-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among women of childbearing age have increased as a result of the opioid epidemic, especially in the nonurban white population. Recently updated US Preventative Services Task Force and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance have recommended universal HCV screenin...
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更新日期:2020-10-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Disseminated strongyloidiasis in solid organ transplant recipients is a rare but devastating infection. In our center, we implemented a universal screening of all candidates for kidney transplantation. We assessed the seroprevalence and utility of universal screening for strongyloidiasis in our center. METH...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
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更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fusarium species are ubiquitous fungi causing a wide array of infections, including invasive disease in the immunosuppressed. We present a fusarium bone infection in a child with Pearson syndrome and review the literature. Ten cases of fusarium osteomyelitis were reported in the past 40 years, and we review the treatm...
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更新日期:2019-02-06 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Pharmacists with residency training in infectious diseases (ID) optimize antimicrobial therapy outcomes in patients and support antimicrobial stewardship (AS) programs. Although most ID residencies are accredited and assessed by certain standards, the degree to which these programs are similar is not known. ...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofz387
更新日期:2019-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::Background. The causes of varicella-zoster virus reactivation and herpes zoster (HZ) are largely unknown. We assessed potential risk factors for HZ, the data for which cannot be obtained from the medical sector. Methods. We conducted a matched case-control study. We established active surveillance in Olmsted County,...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw119
更新日期:2016-06-11 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Bolstered by the high efficacy of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment, the World Health Organization has called for HCV elimination by 2030. People with HIV (PWH) have been identified as a population in which elimination should be prioritized. Methods:We examined progress in HCV elimination through the HCV ca...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofz426
更新日期:2019-09-30 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Clinical features of Lyme disease (LD) range from localized skin lesions to serious disseminated disease. Information on risk factors for Lyme arthritis, facial palsy, carditis, and meningitis is limited but could facilitate disease recognition and elucidate pathophysiology. Methods:Patients from high-incid...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofx254
更新日期:2017-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::The spectrum of West Nile virus (WNV) infection continues to be elucidated. Many cases of WNV are asymptomatic; however, in immunocompromised patients, symptoms are more likely to be severe. We describe fatal WNV central nervous system disease in lymphoma patients who received rituximab, blunting the inflammatory resp...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofv136
更新日期:2015-09-19 00:00:00
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journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw252
更新日期:2017-05-26 00:00:00
abstract::Orbital actinomycosis is an unusual clinical manifestation of orbital infection caused by Actinomyces species. Herein we report a case of orbital actinomycosis in a 67-year-old woman with recurrent swelling and erythema around her left eye with an orbital mass initially thought to be a meningioma. ...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type:
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa170
更新日期:2020-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::Vancomycin is commonly added as empiric therapy for febrile neutropenia. A retrospective chart review was conducted at a large community teaching institution to evaluate vancomycin use in oncology patients. The results revealed that a majority of empiric vancomycin therapy was inappropriate, raising concern for antibi...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofu006
更新日期:2014-04-10 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The United States is experiencing mumps outbreaks in settings with high 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine coverage, mainly universities. The economic impact of mumps outbreaks on public health systems is largely unknown. During a 2015-2016 mumps outbreak at the University of Iowa, we estimated the c...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy199
更新日期:2018-10-04 00:00:00
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journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-11-29 00:00:00
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journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-01-18 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofv009
更新日期:2015-02-19 00:00:00
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journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-09-30 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Cytomegalovirus (CMV) mononucleosis is a manifestation of primary CMV infection. This study aims to establish the link between long-term population CMV seroepidemiological trends and incidence of CMV mononucleosis requiring hospitalization. Furthermore, by analyzing serial laboratory data of patients hospita...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy262
更新日期:2018-10-20 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Little information is available on the relative tolerability of ceftaroline versus other cephalosporins in clinical practice. We sought to compare adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with ceftaroline with those associated with ceftriaxone in hospitalized patients. Materials and Methods:This was a retro...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
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更新日期:2019-06-13 00:00:00
abstract:Background:In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is associated with greater increases in all fasting cholesterol subgroups compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Because lipid abnormalities may contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, cardiovascular risk a...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-11-11 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) are required at every hospital regardless of size. We conducted a qualitative study across different hospital settings to examine perspectives of physician and pharmacist stewards about the dynamics within their team and contextual factors that facilitate the success of...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa229
更新日期:2020-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:Background:We recently reported that the levels of activation, exhaustion, and terminal differentiation within the peripheral T-cell compartment were increased in men who have sex with men (MSM) compared with blood bank donors. During activation and differentiation, T cells undergo metabolic changes to maintain their e...
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abstract::People living with human immunodeficiency virus frequently use dietary supplements, including probiotics, but concern exists about ingesting live organisms. We performed a systematic review of the benefits of probiotics and a meta-analysis of sepsis risk. We undertook a protocol-driven, comprehensive review to identif...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw164
更新日期:2016-07-29 00:00:00