Abstract:
:Glaucoma is a multifactorial syndrome in which the development of pro-apoptotic signals are the causes for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss. Most of the research progress in the glaucoma field have been based on experimentally inducible glaucoma animal models, which provided results about RGC loss after either the crash of the optic nerve or IOP elevation. In addition, there are genetically modified mouse models (DBA/2J), which make the study of hereditary forms of glaucoma possible. However, these approaches have not been able to identify all the molecular mechanisms characterizing glaucoma, possibly due to the disadvantages and limits related to the use of animals. In fact, the results obtained with small animals (i.e., rodents), which are the most commonly used, are often not aligned with human conditions due to their low degree of similarity with the human eye anatomy. Although the results obtained from non-human primates are in line with human conditions, they are little used for the study of glaucoma and its outcomes at cellular level due to their costs and their poor ease of handling. In this regard, according to at least two of the 3Rs principles, there is a need for reliable human-based in vitro models to better clarify the mechanisms involved in disease progression, and possibly to broaden the scope of the results so far obtained with animal models. The proper selection of an in vitro model with a "closer to in vivo" microenvironment and structure, for instance, allows for the identification of the biomarkers involved in the early stages of glaucoma and contributes to the development of new therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the most recent findings in the glaucoma field through the use of human two- and three-dimensional cultures. In particular, it focuses on the role of the scaffold and the use of bioreactors in preserving the physiological relevance of in vivo conditions of the human trabecular meshwork cells in three-dimensional cultures. Moreover, data from these studies also highlight the pivotal role of oxidative stress in promoting the production of trabecular meshwork-derived pro-apoptotic signals, which are one of the first marks of trabecular meshwork damage. The resulting loss of barrier function, increase of intraocular pressure, as well the promotion of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are listed as the main features of glaucoma. Therefore, a better understanding of the first molecular events, which trigger the glaucoma cascade, allows the identification of new targets for an early neuroprotective therapeutic approach.
journal_name
Front Neuroljournal_title
Frontiers in neurologyauthors
Tirendi S,Saccà SC,Vernazza S,Traverso C,Bassi AM,Izzotti Adoi
10.3389/fneur.2020.591776subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-01 00:00:00pages
591776issn
1664-2295journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Background: Intracranial carotid artery calcification (ICAC) on computed tomography (CT) is a marker of atherosclerosis and an independent predictor of vascular events including stroke. While vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are used to prevent embolic stroke, they have been shown to increase levels of both coronary and e...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01278
更新日期:2019-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, peripherally-drawn lactic acid has been associated with poor outcomes; however, its clinical significance is unknown. We investigated admission factors and patient outcomes associated with serum lactic acid in this population. Methods: This was a retrospective ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00593
更新日期:2018-07-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The pathogenesis of spontaneous cervical artery dissections (sCAD) and its best medical treatment are debated. This may be due to a lack of clear classification of sCAD. We propose the new Borgess classification of sCAD, based on the presence or absence of intimal tear as depicted on imaging stud...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fneur.2013.00133
更新日期:2013-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::The measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has been reported as a non-invasive marker for intracranial pressure (ICP). Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether possible ONSD differences occur with age and sex in healthy and brain-injured populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sex ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00764
更新日期:2020-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: This study was designed to evaluate risk factors and incidence of epilepsy-related injuries and accidents (ERIA) at an outpatient clinic of a German epilepsy center providing healthcare to a mixed urban and rural population of over one million inhabitants. Methods: Data acquisition was performed between ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00414
更新日期:2018-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Many neurodegenerative disorders are associated with rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) loss; however, the mechanism was unknown. As REMS loss elevates noradrenaline (NA) level in the brain as well as induces neuronal apoptosis and degeneration, in this study, we have delineated the intracellular molecular pathway involv...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2016.00025
更新日期:2016-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::GNE myopathy is characterized by distal muscle weakness, and caused by recessive mutations in GNE. Its onset is characteristically in young adulthood, although a broad spectrum of onset age is known to exist. A large number of mutations in GNE are pathogenic and this clinical phenotype can be difficult to differentiat...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00942
更新日期:2018-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::Ictal fear-a relatively rare phenomenon-is a semiological characteristic of epilepsy. Most patients with epilepsy with ictal fear have an epileptic zone in the mesial temporal lobe, which is the classical brain area involved in emotion processing. Herein, we report a case of epilepsy with ictal fear as the first manif...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00644
更新日期:2018-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP), a common complication in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, is associated with poor prognosis after AIS. Inflammation plays an important role in the development of SAP. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and S...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.575809
更新日期:2020-10-06 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major medical crisis without any FDA-approved pharmacological therapies that have been demonstrated to improve functional outcomes. It has been argued that discovery of disease-relevant biomarkers might help to guide successful clinical trials for TBI. Major advances in mass spectrome...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2013.00061
更新日期:2013-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Gait disorders (GD) are frequent and disabling symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease, mostly because they significantly limit mobility and often lead to fear of falls or actual falls. Nowadays, rehabilitation is considered to be the most effective nonpharmacological approach to reduce risk of falls...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01024
更新日期:2019-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Safe driving requires integration of higher-order cognitive and motor functions, which are commonly compromised in patients with antibody-mediated encephalitis (AME) associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors or leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 autoantibodies. How these deficits influence the return...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00678
更新日期:2020-07-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hemiparesis after stroke typically results in a reduced walking speed, an asymmetrical gait pattern and a reduced ability to make gait adjustments. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of home-based training involving auditory cueing of stepping in place...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00412
更新日期:2017-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the usefulness of pain-related evoked potentials (PREP) elicited by electrical stimulation for the identification of small fiber involvement in patients with mixed fiber neuropathy (MFN). Eleven MFN patients with clinical signs of large fiber impairment and neuropathic pain and ten healthy controls unde...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00244
更新日期:2015-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::When the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) has been secured, the aim of management should be prompt symptom control and the induction of remission or minimal manifestations. Symptom control, with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as pyridostigmine, is commonly employed. This may be sufficient in mild disease. The...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00604
更新日期:2020-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::Background and Aim: Reliable, valid and sensitive measures of dual-task-associated impairments in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may reveal progressive deficits unnoticed under single-task walking. The aim of this study was to quantitatively identify markers of progressive gait deficits in idiopathic PD while ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00372
更新日期:2019-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) exhibit a variable and unpredictable outcome. The proteins interleukin 10 (IL-10) and heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) have shown predictive values for the presence of intracranial lesions. Aim: To evaluate the individual and combined outcome prediction a...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00376
更新日期:2020-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::Seizures are an infrequent and serious neurological complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with limited data describing the etiology and the clinical context in which these occur or the associated electrographic and imaging findings. This series details four cases of seizures occurring in patients with COVID-19 with di...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.576329
更新日期:2020-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Qualitative clinical assessments of the recovery of awareness after severe brain injury require an assessor to differentiate purposeful behavior from spontaneous behavior. As many such behaviors are minimal and inconsistent, behavioral assessments are susceptible to diagnostic errors. Advanced neuroimaging tools can b...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00350
更新日期:2018-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a disorder of the wrist due to narrowing of the carpal tunnel. It can be caused by trauma or tumors in the tunnel resulting in compression of the median nerve. This disorder is often diagnosed with early symptoms such as tingling, numbness, and weakness that subsequently lead to hand mu...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00888
更新日期:2019-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, we investigated the genetic variation in a family with acute encephalopathy and retinitis pigmentosa. Nine of 25 people in this family underwent genetic testing. Three family members, namely, the proband and the proband's two sisters, showed symptoms resembling those of meningoencephalitis and si...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00319
更新日期:2020-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Impulse control disorder (ICD) is a major non-motor complication of Parkinson's disease (PD) with often devastating consequences for patients' quality of life. In this study, we aimed to characterize the phenotype of impulsivity in PD and its neuroanatomical correlates. Methods: Thirty-seven PD patients (15 patients w...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01338
更新日期:2020-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative disease. The clinical manifestations of NIID are complex and easily misdiagnosed. Based on the current knowledge of this disease, it is usually chronic, with almost no acute cases. Stroke-like disease is an extremely rare type of NI...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00530
更新日期:2020-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::Periodontitis is an oral inflammatory disease and may contribute to low-grade systemic inflammation. Based on the contribution of periodontitis to systemic inflammation and the potential role of systemic inflammation in neuroinflammation, many epidemiological studies have investigated a possible association between pe...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00323
更新日期:2019-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is an antiepileptic drug approved as monotherapy or add-on for the treatment of epilepsy with seizures of focal onset. ESL owns a good profile in terms of efficacy and tolerability, but its effects on EEG activity and connectivity are unknown. The purpose of this study was t...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.01054
更新日期:2018-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Manual dexterity measures can be useful for early detection of age-related functional decline and for prediction of cognitive decline. However, what aspects of sensorimotor function to assess remains unclear. Manual dexterity markers should be able to separate impairments related to cognitive decline from those relate...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00910
更新日期:2018-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) is a scale that has been developed specifically for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). It consists of the Functional Status Scale (FSS) and the Symptom Severity Scale (SSS). It is the most widely used patient reported outcome measure in CTS and has been validated in many langua...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01154
更新日期:2019-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is an important cause of ischemic stroke. In Asians, intracranial atherosclerotic disease leads to 33-50% of ischemic events. At present, treatment with medication vs. endovascular therapy (EVT) for symptomatic ICAS (sICAS) patients is still debatable. The clini...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.574926
更新日期:2020-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Differentiating idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) from atypical Parkinsonian disorders (APD) is challenging, especially in early disease stages. Postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) are substantial motor impairments of IPD and APD. Clinical evidence implies that patients with APD have larger ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00005
更新日期:2019-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Cervical dystonia (CD) is a rare disorder, and health care providers might be unfamiliar with its presentation, thus leading to delay in the initial diagnosis. The lack of awareness displays the need to highlight the clinical features and treatment in cervical dystonia. In our cohort, we have identified an...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.591418
更新日期:2020-11-27 00:00:00