Abstract:
:This mini-review provides an updated summary of various analogs for adaptations of humans to the microgravity of space. Microgravity analogs discussed in this paper include dry immersion, wet immersion, unilateral lower-extremity limb suspension, head down tilt (HDT), and supine bed rest. All Earth-based analogs are imperfect simulations of microgravity with their own advantages and disadvantages. This paper compares these five frequently used microgravity analogs to offer insights into their usefulness for various physiological systems. New developments for each human microgravity analog are explored and advantages of one analog are evaluated against other analogs. Furthermore, the newly observed risk of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS) is included in this mini review with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each method of simulation for the relatively new risk of SANS. Overall, the best and most integrated analog for Earth-based studies of the microgravity of space flight appears to be head-down tilt bed rest.
journal_name
Front Physioljournal_title
Frontiers in physiologyauthors
Pandiarajan M,Hargens ARdoi
10.3389/fphys.2020.00716subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-06-23 00:00:00pages
716issn
1664-042Xjournal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is receiving increasing attention as a danger-associated molecular pattern in conditions such as autoimmunity or trauma. In the context of decompression sickness (DCS), the course of which is sometimes erratic, we hypothesize that mtDNA plays a not insignificant role particularly ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01695
更新日期:2018-11-29 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptation of arm reaching in a novel force field involves co-contraction of upper limb muscles, but it is not known how the co-ordination of multiple muscle activation is orchestrated. We have used intermuscular coherence (IMC) to test whether a coherent intermuscular coupling between muscle pairs is responsible for ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00668
更新日期:2017-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Consumption of acidic foods and drinks and other factors that cause enamel wear are responsible for the daily enamel loss and degradation. Use of some toothpastes that have been showed to possess different properties of remineralisation and/or repair of the enamel surface may help to protect tooth enamel. The aim of t...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00333
更新日期:2014-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Following partial hepatectomy, a coordinated series of molecular events occurs to regulate hepatocyte entry into the cell cycle to recover lost mass. In rats during the first 6 h following resection, hepatocytes are primed by a tightly controlled cytokine response to prepare hepatocytes to begin replication. Although ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00189
更新日期:2015-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common symptom at the baseline of early Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis, but the neural mechanism is unclear. To address the issue, the present study employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 19 drug-naïve PD patients with normal cognition (PD-NC), 10 ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01093
更新日期:2018-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common mendelian heart disease, with a prevalence of 1/500. HCM is a primary cause of sudden death, due to an heightened risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias that often occur in young asymptomatic patients. HCM can slowly progress toward heart failure, either with preserve...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01391
更新日期:2018-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::Aim: The current study aimed to examine the effects of resistance exercise with concomitant consumption of high vs. low daily doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. As a secondary aim, we compared the effects of eccentric overload with con...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.01074
更新日期:2017-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::Heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that are involved in numerous normal cellular processes and stress responses, and heat shock factors are transcriptional activators of heat shock proteins. Heat shock factors and heat shock proteins are coordinated in various biological processes. The regulatory function of...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.562204
更新日期:2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank, 1781) is an emerging source of allergens in stored products and homes. Feces proteases are the major allergens of astigmatid mites (Acari: Acaridida). In addition, the mites are carriers of microorganisms and microbial adjuvant compounds that stimulate innate signaling pathways. We s...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00053
更新日期:2016-02-24 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Recently, three independent, intercorrelated biophysical measures have provided the first quantitative measures of a binary form of behavioral laterality called "Hemisity," a term referring to inherent opposite right or left brain-oriented differences in thinking and behavioral styles. Crucially, the right...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00407
更新日期:2012-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::Severe muscle weakness concomitant with preferential depletion of myosin has been observed in several pathological conditions. Here, we used the steroid-denervation (S-D) rat model, which shows dramatic decrease in myosin content and force production, to test whether electrical stimulation (ES) treatment can prevent t...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01111
更新日期:2018-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::Background: The severity of wildland fires is increasing due to continually hotter and drier summers. Firefighters are required to make life altering decisions on the fireground, which requires analytical thinking, problem solving, and situational awareness. This study aimed to determine the effects of very hot (45°C;...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00815
更新日期:2017-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::In the chronic stage of myocardial infarction, a significant number of patients develop life-threatening ventricular tachycardias (VT) due to the arrhythmogenic nature of the remodeled myocardium. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a common procedure to isolate reentry pathways across the infarct scar that are responsib...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00580
更新日期:2019-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disease with infection, and autophagy has been shown to play an important role in sepsis. This review summarizes the main regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in sepsis and its latest research. Recent studies have shown that autophagy can regulate innate immune processes and acquired im...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01071
更新日期:2019-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::Lung ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury inevitably occurs during lung transplantation. The pulmonary endothelium is the primary target of IR injury that potentially results in severe pulmonary dysfunction. Over the last decades, various molecules, receptors, and signaling pathways were identified in order to develop tre...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.581420
更新日期:2020-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::Exercise is known to improve many aspects of human health, including modulation of the immune system and inflammatory status. It is generally understood that exercise reduces inflammation, but there are missing links in terms of understanding the mechanisms as well as the differences between exercise modalities. N-gly...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01522
更新日期:2019-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular chaperones are stress proteins that allow the correct folding or unfolding as well as the assembly or disassembly of macromolecular cellular components. Changes in expression and post-translational modifications of chaperones have been linked to a number of age- and stress-related diseases including cancer, ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00216
更新日期:2018-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) contribution to long-term setting of blood pressure (BP) and hence hypertension has been a continuing controversy over many decades. However, the contribution of increased sympathetic vasomotor tone to the heart, kidney, and blood vessels has been suggested as a major influence on ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01477
更新日期:2019-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy, or cellular self-eating, is a tightly regulated cellular pathway the main purpose of which is lysosomal degradation and subsequent recycling of cytoplasmic material to maintain normal cellular homeostasis. Defects in autophagy are linked to a variety of pathological states, including cancer. Cancer is the d...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2013.00272
更新日期:2013-10-02 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:While the intention of endurance athletes undertaking short term heat training protocols is to rapidly gain meaningful physical adaption prior to competition in the heat, it is currently unclear whether or not this process also presents an overt, acute challenge to the immune system. The aim of this study was t...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00318
更新日期:2016-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, a major part in inflammatory, infectious and tumor processes, and is pivotal at the early stages of gastric cancer. Relationship between its risk and TNF-α rs361525 polymorphism has been demonstrated, but remains conflicting and controversial. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00469
更新日期:2018-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory/inspiratory muscle training (RMT/IMT) has been proposed to improve the endurance performance of athletes in normoxia. In recent years, due to the increased use of hypoxic training method among athletes, the RMT applicability has also been tested as a method to minimize adverse effects since hyperventilatio...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01970
更新日期:2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Single-channel kinetics has proven a powerful tool to reveal information about the gating mechanisms that control the opening and closing of ion channels. This introductory review focuses on the gating of large conductance Ca(2+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK or Slo1) channels at the single-channel level. It starts ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00532
更新日期:2015-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been detected in various water bodies and caused harm to aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity and mechanism associated with autophagy and oxidative stress after exposure to PFOA (0, 1, 10, 100 μg/L) for 12 h on lymphocytes, which was isolated fr...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01748
更新日期:2018-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular vesicles (EVs) - including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies - have received much scientific attention last decade as mediators of a newly discovered cell-to-cell communication system, acting at short and long distances. EVs carry biologically active molecules, thus providing signals that infl...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00651
更新日期:2018-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::Several Octopodidae species have a great potential for the diversification of worldwide aquaculture. Unfortunately, the lack of stress-related biomarkers in this taxon results an obstacle for its maintenance in conditions where animal welfare is of paramount relevance. In this study, we made a first approach to uncove...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00784
更新日期:2019-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::DNA methylation is evolutionarily conserved. Vertebrates exhibit high, widespread DNA methylation whereas invertebrate genomes are less methylated, predominantly within gene bodies. DNA methylation in invertebrates is associated with transcription level, alternative splicing, and genome evolution, but functional outco...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00129
更新日期:2014-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Nrg4 expression has been linked to brown adipose tissue activity and browning of white adipocytes in mice. Here, we aimed to investigate whether these observations could be translated to humans by investigating NRG4 mRNA and markers of brown/beige adipocytes in human visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00039
更新日期:2019-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular ATP acts on the P2X family of ligand-gated ion channels and several members of the P2Y family of G protein-coupled receptors to mediate intercellular communication among many cell types including bone-forming osteoblasts. It is known that multiple P2 receptors are expressed on osteoblasts (P2X2,5,6,7 and...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00294
更新日期:2016-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::Exercise and physical labor in extreme environmental conditions causes transient decreases in immune cell and cytokine concentrations, likely increasing the susceptibility to opportunistic infection. Baker's yeast beta glucan (BYBG) has been previously demonstrated to be an effective countermeasure in athletes, but it...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00786
更新日期:2017-10-20 00:00:00