Abstract:
:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorders that overlap in symptom presentation. The purpose of this study was to specify overlapping symptom domains and to identify symptoms that can reliably differentiate adults with ASD (n = 53), SZ (n = 39), and typical development (TD; n = 40). All participants regardless of diagnosis were administered gold-standard diagnostic assessments of ASD and SZ characteristics including the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Sensitivity and specificity of the ADOS were assessed using diagnostic cut-off scores. The degree of symptom overlap on these measures between participant groups was analyzed using Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs), Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves, and Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVAs) to control for group differences in IQ and sex distributions. The ADOS reliably discriminated ASD and TD adults, but there was a high rate of "false positives" in SZ patients who did not meet the DSM-5 criteria for ASD. To identify the reasons for low specificity in the SZ sample, we categorized ASD and SZ symptoms into 'positive' (presence of atypical behaviors) and 'negative' (absence of typical behaviors) symptoms. ASD and SZ groups overlapped on negative symptoms largely related to the absence of typical social and communicative behaviors, whereas disorder-specific positive symptoms differentiated ASD and SZ. For example, those with ASD scored higher on restricted and repetitive behaviors and stereotyped language, whereas those with SZ scored higher on psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. These results suggest that, when making a differential diagnosis between ASD and SZ, clinicians may benefit from focusing on the presence or absence of positive ASD and SZ symptoms. Standardized measures to classify ASD symptoms into positive and negative symptoms have not yet been developed but represent a potentially viable clinical tool.
journal_name
Front Psychiatryjournal_title
Frontiers in psychiatryauthors
Trevisan DA,Foss-Feig JH,Naples AJ,Srihari V,Anticevic A,McPartland JCdoi
10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00548subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-06-11 00:00:00pages
548issn
1664-0640journal_volume
11pub_type
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journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
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journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
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abstract::Introduction: Previous studies have indicated that changes in the concentration of glutamate and related metabolites may mediate the progression of addiction in patients with methamphetamine (MA) use disorders. In the present study, we utilized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate absolute glutamate co...
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doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00368
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journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00522
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journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
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journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
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journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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