Autonomy, competence and relatedness and cannabis and alcohol use among youth in Canada: a cross-sectional analysis.

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:There has been increasing attention on preventing problematic youth substance use in light of concerns about rates of use and policy changes in Canada. Strengths-based approaches that emphasize protective factors, including positive mental health, are at the forefront of current prevention recommendations. However, there is a dearth of research on the association between positive mental health and substance use among youth. This study examines the associations between cannabis and alcohol use among youth and positive mental health as measured through the lens of self-determination theory. METHODS:Secondary analyses of the 2014/2015 Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey (CSTADS) were conducted. Participating Grade 7 to 12 students residing in Canada completed the Children's Intrinsic Needs Satisfaction Scale (CINSS), which measures autonomy, competence and relatedness, and answered questions that measure past 30-day and more frequent cannabis use, alcohol use and binge-drinking. The associations between autonomy, competence and relatedness and substance use, stratified by sex, were examined using logistic regression. RESULTS:Fully adjusted models revealed that relatedness and competence were associated with lower odds of 30-day and more frequent cannabis use, alcohol use and binge-drinking. Higher autonomy was associated with higher odds of these behaviours. All associations were significant with the exception of competence and more frequent cannabis use among boys, and autonomy and more frequent alcohol use among girls. CONCLUSION:The findings offer new evidence on the associations between positive mental health and substance use among youth, specifically how autonomy, competence and relatedness are associated with cannabis use, alcohol use and binge-drinking. This evidence can be used to inform health promotion and substance use prevention programs. INTRODUCTION:La prévention de la consommation problématique de substances chez les jeunes mobilise de plus en plus d’attention, en lien avec diverses préoccupations autour des taux de consommation et des changements de politiques au Canada. Les approches axées sur les forces qui mettent l’accent sur les facteurs de protection, notamment une santé mentale positive, sont au cœur des recommandations actuelles en matière de prévention. Toutefois, il existe très peu de travaux de recherche sur l’association entre une santé mentale positive et la consommation de substances chez les jeunes. Notre étude porte sur les associations entre consommation de cannabis et d’alcool chez les jeunes et santé mentale positive et utilise le cadre de la théorie de l’autodétermination. MÉTHODOLOGIE:Nous avons réalisé des analyses secondaires de l’Enquête canadienne sur le tabac, l’alcool et les drogues chez les élèves (ECTADE) de 2014­2015. Les élèves de la 7e à la 12e année résidant au Canada qui participaient à l’étude ont rempli l’Échelle de satisfaction des besoins intrinsèques des enfants (Children’s Intrinsic Needs Satisfaction Scale ou questionnaire CINSS), qui mesure l’autonomie, la compétence et l’appartenance sociale et ils ont répondu à des questions portant sur leur consommation de cannabis et d’alcool et leur consommation excessive occasionnelle d’alcool au cours des 30 derniers jours et la fréquence de ces consommations. Nous avons examiné les associations, stratifiées selon le sexe, entre l’autonomie, la compétence et l’appartenance sociale d’une part et la consommation de substances d’autre part en utilisant une régression logistique. RÉSULTATS:Les modèles entièrement ajustés ont révélé que l’appartenance sociale et la compétence étaient associées à une probabilité plus faible de consommation au cours des 30 derniers jours et de fréquence élevée de consommation pour le cannabis et l’alcool et pour la consommation excessive occasionnelle d’alcool. Une autonomie plus grande était associée à une probabilité plus élevée de ces comportements. Toutes les associations étaient significatives, sauf entre le sentiment de compétence et une fréquence de consommation plus élevée de cannabis chez les garçons, et entre l’autonomie et une fréquence de consommation élevée d’alcool chez les filles. CONCLUSION:Ces résultats fournissent de nouvelles données probantes sur les associations entre santé mentale positive et consommation de substances chez les jeunes, en particulier sur la façon dont l’autonomie, la compétence et l’appartenance sociale sont associées à la consommation de cannabis et d’alcool et à la consommation excessive occasionnelle d’alcool. Ces données probantes sont utilisables pour les programmes de promotion de la santé et de prévention de la consommation de substances. :In multivariate models, youth with higher levels of relatedness and competence had lower odds of 30-day and more frequent cannabis use, alcohol use and binge-drinking (except for more frequent cannabis use and relatedness among boys). In contrast, in fully adjusted models, youth with higher levels of autonomy had higher odds of the substance use outcomes examined (except for more frequent alcohol use and autonomy among girls). Higher relatedness was associated with lower odds of substance use for both girls and boys, although there was a significant interaction between a number of positive mental health concepts and substance use behaviours. This highlights the need to examine these associations separately by sex. :Dans les modèles à variables multiples, les jeunes ayant fait état d’une meilleure appartenance sociale et d’un sentiment de compétence plus élevé étaient ceux qui présentaient les probabilités plus faibles de consommation (au cours des 30 derniers jours) et de fréquence élevée de consommation pour le cannabis et l’alcool ainsi que pour la consommation excessive occasionnelle d’alcool (sauf en ce qui concerne une fréquence élevée de consommation de cannabis et l’appartenance sociale chez les garçons). À l’opposé, dans les modèles entièrement ajustés, les jeunes ayant des degrés d’autonomie plus élevés étaient ceux qui présentaient la plus grande probabilité de consommation de substances (sauf en ce qui concerne une fréquence élevée de consommation d’alcool et l’autonomie chez les filles). Une appartenance sociale plus solide était associée à une probabilité plus faible de consommation de substances à la fois chez les filles et chez les garçons, mais on a constaté une interaction significative entre certaines dimensions de la santé mentale positive et la consommation de substances. Ces observations soulignent la nécessité d’examiner de plus près ces associations, et séparément selon le sexe.

authors

Enns A,Orpana H

doi

10.24095/hpcdp.40.5/6.09

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-06-01 00:00:00

pages

201-210

issue

5-6

issn

2368-738X

journal_volume

40

pub_type

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