Abstract:
:Cushing's disease recurrence following successful pituitary surgery is common and merits prompt and careful diagnosis, as untreated hypercortisolism leads to increased morbidity and mortality. However, an established recurrence definition has not been forthcoming. This poses a diagnostic challenge especially early in the course of returning hypercortisolemia and/or in the presence of non-neoplastic hypercortisolemia. A late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) test is the first test to reveal abnormal results, however, has limitations related to assay performance as well as individual patient variability. Dexamethasone suppression tests and 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC) results are next to reveal abnormal results. Other tests including, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation test and combined CRH-dexamethasone test, as well as desmopressin stimulation test with/without dexamethasone are also used, although, none have proven to be the preeminent diagnostic test for recurrence determination. There is a possible role for these tests in predicting recurrence in patients who have experienced remission, though, this also remains challenging due to lack of established cutoff values. This article details and summarizes evidence about different diagnostic tests currently used to diagnose and predict Cushing's disease recurrence.
journal_name
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)journal_title
Frontiers in endocrinologyauthors
Hinojosa-Amaya JM,Varlamov EV,McCartney S,Fleseriu Mdoi
10.3389/fendo.2019.00740subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-11-08 00:00:00pages
740issn
1664-2392journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Protease-activated receptors (PARs) belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Compared to other GPCRs, the specificity of the four PARs is the lack of physiologically soluble ligands able to induce their activation. Indeed, PARs are physiologically activated after proteolytic cleavage of their N-terminal...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00717
更新日期:2019-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::This brief review describes some representative methodological approaches to the isolation of putative endogenous inhibitors of epithelial sodium transport - i.e., as ouabain-like factors (OLF) that inhibit the sodium transport enzyme Na-K-ATPase or inhibit the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Gel chromatography and ...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2015.00066
更新日期:2015-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::Vertebrate eyes are known to contain circadian clocks, but their regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. To address this, we used a cell line from human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE-YC) with stable coexpression of reporters for molecular clock oscillations (Bmal1-luciferase) and intracellular Ca2+ concentrat...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00108
更新日期:2018-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that interfere with the organizational or activational effects of hormones. Although the vast majority of the EDC literature focuses on steroid hormone signaling related impacts, growing evidence from a myriad of species reveals that the nonapeptide hormones vasopres...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00134
更新日期:2017-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::Anaplastic thyroid cancer is known to be the most lethal malignancy among endocrine tumors for its extremely limited survival rate after diagnosis. As a result of this poor survival prognosis, multimodal therapy is currently under investigation to address this global concern. In this reported case, the 125I seed impla...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00207
更新日期:2020-04-22 00:00:00
abstract::Reproductive status is tightly coupled to metabolic state in females, and ovarian cycling in mammals is halted when energy output exceeds energy input, a metabolic condition known as negative energy balance. This inhibition of reproductive function during negative energy balance occurs due to suppression of gonadotrop...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2011.00053
更新日期:2011-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::Today, insulin analogs are used in millions of diabetic patients. Insulin analogs have been developed to achieve more physiological insulin replacement in terms of time-course of the effect. Modifications in the amino acid sequence of the insulin molecule change the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the analogs...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2012.00021
更新日期:2012-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::In rodents, insufficient thyroid hormone (TH) gestationally has adverse effects on cerebral cortex development. Comparable studies of humans examining how TH insufficiency affects cortical morphology are limited to children with congenital hypothyroidism or offspring of hypothyroxinemic women; effects on cortex of chi...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2016.00016
更新日期:2016-02-25 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is rapidly becoming a major chronic liver disease worldwide. However, little is known concerning the pathogenesis and progression mechanism of NASH. Our aim here is to identify key genes and elucidate their biological function in the progression from hepatic steatosis to N...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.601745
更新日期:2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: To improve detection of undiagnosed diabetes in Africa, there is movement to replace the OGTT with A1C. The performance of A1C in the absence of hemoglobin-related micronutrient deficiencies, anemia and heterozygous hemoglobinopathies is unknown. Therefore, we determined in 441 African-born blacks living...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00533
更新日期:2019-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest endocrine abnormality in women of reproductive age typically presenting with chronic oligo- or anovulation, clinical, or biochemical hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). Restoring mono-ovulation is the ultimate goal of ovulation induction and most...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00023
更新日期:2019-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::Thyroid hormones are crucial in normal brain development. Transient and mild thyroid hormone insufficiency in pregnancy is also associated with impaired neurodevelopment in the offspring (e.g., 3-4 IQ score loss in association with maternal free thyroxine in the lowest fifth percentile). While inadequate iodine intake...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00204
更新日期:2018-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Lifestyle modifications focused on diet, physical activity, and behavior have a modest impact on weight reduction in children, adolescents, and young adults (YA) with overweight and obesity. Several anti-obesity medications (AOMs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use among adult patient...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00290
更新日期:2020-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility and is characterized by clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Previous studies showed that the same mutation (c.-14C> T) of the IFITM5 gene is responsible for autosomal dominant OI type V. However, the mutation has a ...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00375
更新日期:2019-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH1) and its receptor (GnRHR1) drive mammalian reproduction via regulation of the gonadotropins. Yet, a second form of GnRH (GnRH2) and its receptor (GnRHR2) also exist in mammals. GnRH2 has been completely conserved throughout 500 million years of evolution, signifying high selecti...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00269
更新日期:2017-12-11 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of growth hormone therapy (rGH) on mitochondrial function on peripheral muscle and to correlate with exercise capacity in subjects with severe adult growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Design:Six months, double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled tria...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00056
更新日期:2018-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::The essential amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) is the precursor of the monoaminergic neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Numerous studies have shown that elevated dietary Trp has a suppressive effect on aggressive behavior and post-stress plasma cortisol concentrations in vertebrates, including teleos...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00158
更新日期:2019-04-08 00:00:00
abstract::Growth hormone (GH) has been used as an adjunct in the field of female infertility treatment for more than 25 years, although, apart from treating women with GH deficiency its role has not yet been clarified. Contributing to this lack of clarity is that several underpowered studies have been performed on women undergo...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00500
更新日期:2019-07-24 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Adrenal myelolipomas are usually isolated benign adrenal lesions, but can be adjacent to steroid-secreting adrenocortical tumors. We studied the aberrant regulation of cortisol secretion in a 61 year-old woman with combined bilateral myelolipomas and primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BM...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00618
更新日期:2019-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes prevalence is increasing dramatically worldwide. Metabolic surgery is the most effective treatment for selected patients with diabetes and/or obesity. When compared to intensive medical therapy and lifestyle intervention, metabolic surgery has shown superiority in achieving glycemic improvement, reduci...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00641
更新日期:2019-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::The pathophysiological function of the G-protein coupled melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors has not yet been well-clarified. Recent advancements using selective MT1/ MT2 receptor ligands and MT1/MT2 receptor knockout mice have suggested that the activation of the MT1 receptors are mainly implicated in the regulation of r...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00087
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several reports in humans as well as transgenic mouse models have shown that estrogens play an important role in male reproduction and fertility. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) are expressed in different male tissues including the brain. The estradiol-binding protein GPER1 also mediates estrogen action i...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00072
更新日期:2020-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Kisspeptin, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, is required for reproduction. Humans and mice lacking kisspeptin or its receptor, Kiss1r, have impairments in reproductive physiology and fertility. In addition to being located in the hypothalamus in the anteroventral periventricular and arcuate nuclei, kisspeptin neurons are al...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00191
更新日期:2017-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin resistance (IR) is a pathological condition strongly associated with obesity. However, corticosteroids or growth hormone therapy and genetic diseases may affect insulin sensitivity lifelong. In obese children and adolescents of any age there is an evident association between IR and an increased prevalence of t...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00342
更新日期:2019-06-04 00:00:00
abstract::During the last decades, adipogenesis has become an emerging field of study in aquaculture due to the relevance of the adipose tissue in many physiological processes and its connection with the endocrine system. In this sense, recent studies have translated into the establishment of preadipocyte culture models from se...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2016.00113
更新日期:2016-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::In the developed world, the hazards associated with obesity have largely outstripped the risk of starvation. Obesity remains a difficult public health issue to address, due in large part to the many disciplines involved. A full understanding requires knowledge in the fields of genetics, endocrinology, psychology, soci...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2014.00159
更新日期:2014-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and α-, β-, and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α-, β-, γ-MSH), collectively known as melanocortins, together with their receptors (melanocortin receptors), are components of an ancient modulatory system. The clinical use of ACTH in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis started i...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00683
更新日期:2019-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::Radiotherapy continues to be one of the most accepted medical treatments for cancer. Localized irradiation is the most common treatment for prostate, pancreatic, rectal, cervical and endometrial malignancies. Conventional localized fractions are total doses of 30-62Gy at 1.8-2Gy per fraction, with administration of ~6...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00587
更新日期:2019-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::Exercise training triggers numerous positive adaptations through the regulation of genes controlling muscle structure and function. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, participate in transcriptional activation by allowing the recruitment of the transcription machinery to gene promoters. Exercise induc...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2016.00165
更新日期:2016-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Vitiligo represents the most common cause of acquired skin, hair, and oral depigmentation, affecting 0.5-1% of the population worldwide. It is clinically characterized by the appearance of disfiguring circumscribed skin macules following melanocyte destruction by autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Patients affected...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00290
更新日期:2017-10-27 00:00:00