Abstract:
:Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and α-, β-, and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α-, β-, γ-MSH), collectively known as melanocortins, together with their receptors (melanocortin receptors), are components of an ancient modulatory system. The clinical use of ACTH in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis started in 1949, originally thought that the anti-inflammatory action was through hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and glucocorticoid-dependent. Subsequent decades have witnessed extensive attempts in unraveling the physiology and pharmacology of the melanocortin system. It is now known that ACTH, together with α-, β-, and γ-MSHs, also possess glucocorticoid-independent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects by activating the melanocortin receptors expressed in the brain or peripheral immune cells. This review will briefly introduce the melanocortin system and highlight the action of melanocortins in the regulation of immune functions from in vitro, in vivo, preclinical, and clinical studies. The potential therapeutic use of melanocortins are also summarized.
journal_name
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)journal_title
Frontiers in endocrinologyauthors
Wang W,Guo DY,Lin YJ,Tao YXdoi
10.3389/fendo.2019.00683subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-10-09 00:00:00pages
683issn
1664-2392journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Aim: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with both microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), and macrovascular complications like coronary artery disease (CAD). Genetic risk factors have a role in the development of these complications. In the present case-control study, we investigated ...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00283
更新日期:2019-05-03 00:00:00
abstract::The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important cellular energy sensor. Its activation under energetic stress is known to activate energy-producing pathways and to inactivate energy-consuming pathways, promoting ATP preservation and cell survival. AMPK has been shown to play protective role in many pathophysio...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00519
更新日期:2018-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::Besides its interest for diagnosis, the finding of an elevated serum AMH level in PCOS has open major pathophysiological issues. This review addresses the three most important issues: 1- the role of AMH in the disturbed folliculogenesis of PCOS; 2- the role of AMH in the gonadotropin dysregulation of PCOS and 3- the r...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00641
更新日期:2020-09-09 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies discussed the benefit of bariatric surgery on obese patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several factors play an essential role in predicting the impact of bariatric surgery on T2DM, such as ABCD score (age, BMI, C-peptide, and duration of the disease), HbA1c, and fasting blood gluco...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00037
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that is acylated with a fatty acid, usually n-octanoic acid, at the third amino acid (aa) residue (usually a serine or threonine), and this acylation is known to be essential for ghrelin activity not only in mammals but also in non-mammals, such as fish. However, the modification mechanism...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2013.00117
更新日期:2013-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::Graves' hyperthyroidism is caused by autoantibodies directed against the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) that mimic the action of TSH. The establishment of Graves' hyperthyroidism in experimental animals has proven to be an important approach to dissect the mechanisms of self-tolerance breakdown that lead ...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2016.00144
更新日期:2016-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of type 2 diabetes significantly increases with age. The relevance of this association is dramatically magnified by the concomitant global aging of the population, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Here, some recent advances in this field are reviewed at the level of both the p...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2014.00138
更新日期:2014-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a reversible post-translational modification consisting in the addition of a sugar moiety to serine/threonine residues of cytosolic or nuclear proteins. Catalyzed by O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and removed by O-GlcNAcase, this dynamic modification is dependent on ...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2013.00099
更新日期:2013-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::The steroid module of the Athlete Biological Passport, the newest innovation in doping testing, is currently being finalized for implementation. Several factors, other than doping, can affect the longitudinal steroid profile. In this study, we investigated the effect of hormonal contraceptives (HC) as well as the effe...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2014.00050
更新日期:2014-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence indicates that autophagy-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial for oxidative stress-related brain damage and repair. The highest concentration of melatonin is in the mitochondria of cells, and melatonin exhibits well-known antioxidant properties. We investigated the impact and mechanism involve...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00550
更新日期:2019-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::The tropical freshwater zebrafish has recently emerged as a valuable model organism for the study of adipose tissue biology and obesity-related disease. The strengths of the zebrafish model system are its wealth of genetic mutants, transgenic tools, and amenability to high-resolution imaging of cell dynamics within li...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00102
更新日期:2017-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress induced by free fatty acid overload in pancreatic β-cells is a potential contributory factor to dysfunction of insulin secretion and apoptotic cell death. Perilipin 5 (Plin5) has been reported to ameliorate oxidative stress-mediated damage in non-insulin-secreting tissues. We tested the hypothesis tha...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00166
更新日期:2020-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::Aim: Exercise training elicits diverse effects on brown (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) physiology in rodents housed below their thermoneutral zone (i.e., 28-32°C). In these conditions, BAT is chronically hyperactive and, unlike human residence, closer to thermoneutrality. Therefore, we set out to determine the e...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00097
更新日期:2020-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Some noninvasive techniques have been used to quantify liver fat, such as the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Objective: To evaluate CAP as a tool to identify liver steatosis and its relationship with differen...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00364
更新日期:2019-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: Prolactin and progesterone are implicated in glucose homeostasis in and outside of pregnancy. However, their associations with gestational diabetes (GDM) risk were not well-understood. This study investigates this question in a prospective and longitudinal cohort. Methods: This is a nested case-control stud...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00083
更新日期:2020-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: We have previously shown that fetuses of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and insulin resistance exhibit a prolongation of fetal auditory event-related brain responses (fAER) compared to fetuses of normal glucose tolerant women during an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT). This implies th...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00673
更新日期:2018-11-20 00:00:00
abstract:Background:It is well known that adiposity is a risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the associations of measures of adiposity with indices of glycemia and of glycemic variability over a 72-h period in non-diabetic older adults. Methods:This cro...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00238
更新日期:2018-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::RET gene rearrangements (RET/PTCs) represent together with BRAF point mutations the two major groups of mutations involved in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) initiation and progression. In this review, we will examine the mechanisms involved in RET/PTC-induced thyroid cell transformation. In detail, we will summariz...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2012.00067
更新日期:2012-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV)/AIDS pandemic represents the most significant global health challenge in modern history. This infection leads toward an inflammatory state associated with chronic immune dysregulation activation that tilts the immune-skeletal interface and its deep integration between cell...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00502
更新日期:2020-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::Measuring salivary cortisol is both convenient and non-invasive for patients; however, its usefulness as a marker for monitoring medical therapy has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of multiple salivary cortisol measurements in patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) during medic...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00375
更新日期:2018-01-11 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Risk of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) is consistently associated with a history of cryptorchidism (CO) in epidemiologic studies. Factors modifying the association may provide insights regarding etiology of TGCT and suggest a basis for individualized care of CO. To identify modifiers of the CO-TGCT ass...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2012.00182
更新日期:2013-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) [mammalian ortholog to gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH)] potently inhibits gonadotropin secretion in mammals. Studies of RFRP-3 immunoreactivity and Rfrp expression (the gene encoding RFRP-3) in mammalian brains have uncovered several possible pathways regulating RFRP-3 neurons...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2015.00150
更新日期:2015-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: This study aimed to test associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolites in urea cycle including arginine, citrulline and ornithine. Methods:This study used a hospital-based cross-sectional study design. We retrieved medical notes of 401 in-patients with onset of T2DM within 2 years and...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00050
更新日期:2019-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are multifunctional proteins that possess IGF-dependent and -independent actions. Recent studies suggest that its IGF-independent action appeared early and that the IGF-binding function may have been acquired later in evolution. The timing of the emergence of IGF-de...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2016.00174
更新日期:2017-01-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Monitoring blood levels of human growth hormone (hGH) in most children with short stature deficiencies is crucial for taking a decision of treatment with extended course of daily and expensive doses of recombinant hGH (rhGH or Somatropin®). Besides, misusing of rhGH by sportsmen is banned by the World Anti-D...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00115
更新日期:2017-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Adrenal myelolipomas are usually isolated benign adrenal lesions, but can be adjacent to steroid-secreting adrenocortical tumors. We studied the aberrant regulation of cortisol secretion in a 61 year-old woman with combined bilateral myelolipomas and primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BM...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00618
更新日期:2019-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Linagliptin, one of the five dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors available, has recently entered the market both in the US and in most European countries for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It presents a xanthine-based structure, and is characterized by unique pharmacokinetics, with non-linear profile, long termi...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2013.00016
更新日期:2013-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Women with impaired ovarian reserve or poor ovarian response (POR) to exogenous gonadotropin stimulation present a challenge for reproductive specialists. The primary reasons relate to the still limited knowledge about the POR pathophysiology and the lack of practical solutions for the management of these conditions. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00461
更新日期:2018-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::The increase of life expectancy has led to the increase of age-related diseases such as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is characterized by bone weakening promoting the occurrence of fractures with defective bone regeneration. Men aged over 50 have a prevalence for osteoporosis of 20%, which is related to a decline in sex ...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2015.00081
更新日期:2015-05-19 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:To evaluate whether endometrial thickness (EMT) change in response to progesterone has an effect on pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Design:Retrospective observational study. Setting:Tertiary-care academic medical center. Participants:4465 infertile women undergoing their f...
journal_title:Frontiers in endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.546232
更新日期:2020-10-29 00:00:00