Abstract:
:Seventy years of research on Western Pacific amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia Complex (ALS/PDC) have provided invaluable data on the etiology, molecular pathogenesis and latency of this disappearing, largely environmental neurodegenerative disease. ALS/PDC is linked to genotoxic chemicals (notably methylazoxymethanol, MAM) derived from seed of the cycad plant (Cycas spp.) that were used as a traditional food and/or medicine in all three disease-affected Western Pacific populations. MAM, nitrosamines and hydrazines generate methyl free radicals that damage DNA (in the form of O6-methylguanine lesions) that can induce mutations in cycling cells and degenerative changes in post-mitotic cells, notably neurons. This paper explores exposures to naturally occurring and manmade sources of nitrosamines and hydrazines in association with sporadic forms of ALS (with or without frontotemporal degeneration), progressive supranuclear palsy, and Alzheimer disease. Research approaches are suggested to examine whether these associations might have etiological significance. Lay Summary:Unknown environmental exposures are thought to be risk factors for non-inherited forms of certain progressive brain diseases, such as sporadic forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS), progressive supranuclear palsy (sPSP), and Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Related progressive and fatal brain disorders coalesce in a single neurodegenerative disease of largely environmental origin (ALS-Parkinsonism-dementia Complex) that has affected three genetically distinct populations residing in islands of the Western Pacific region. Prolonged study of this prototypical neurodegenerative disease has provided invaluable information on the probable environmental cause (specific chemical genotoxins) and molecular mechanisms (unrepaired nerve cell DNA-damage) by which brain degeneration begins, evolves and, years or decades later, clinical signs appear, and progress. This information is used as a foundation to explore whether chemically related genotoxins (nitrosamines, hydrazines) are possible risk factors for sALS, sPSP, and sAD. Methods to test this hypothesis in the field and laboratory are proposed.
journal_name
Front Neuroljournal_title
Frontiers in neurologyauthors
Spencer PSdoi
10.3389/fneur.2019.00754subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-07-31 00:00:00pages
754issn
1664-2295journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome (HHES) is a subset of acute encephalopathy characterized by infantile-onset with acute hemiconvulsive febrile status and subsequent unilateral cerebral atrophy and hemiparesis. In the chronic phase, patients with HHES develop epilepsy, typically displayed as intractable foca...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01233
更新日期:2019-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is an important cause of ischemic stroke. In Asians, intracranial atherosclerotic disease leads to 33-50% of ischemic events. At present, treatment with medication vs. endovascular therapy (EVT) for symptomatic ICAS (sICAS) patients is still debatable. The clini...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.574926
更新日期:2020-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::Background and Purpose: Acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) requires rapid decision making toward neurosurgery or conservative neurological stroke unit treatment. In a previous study, we found overestimation of clinical symptoms when clinicians rely mainly on cerebral computed tomography (cCT) analysis. The current s...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00997
更新日期:2019-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::The recurrence rate of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) has been reported to range from 2.3 to 33%. As bridging veins are composed of abundant collagen bundles and bone matrix, we aimed to investigate the possible associations between skull Hounsfield unit (HU) values and the recurrence of CSDH. We retrospectively enr...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.538257
更新日期:2020-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke is the second leading cause of death and physical disability, with a global lifetime incidence rate of 1 in 6. Currently, the only FDA approved treatment for ischemic stroke is the administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Stem cell clinical trials for stroke have been underway for close to two deca...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00656
更新日期:2019-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::Background: While acute stress and pain are part of our inherent survival mechanisms, persistent stress and pain can negatively impact health and well-being. This may also lead to poor sleep and thus a lack of recovery. This study investigated the influence of stress and musculoskeletal pain on sleep quality. Methods:...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00968
更新日期:2018-11-21 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Stroke can happen to people away from home. It is unknown whether non-resident and resident stroke patients have equal access to thrombolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Consecutive patients cared for by the Stroke Emergency Mobile between 2011 and 2016 after prompting suspicion of acute stroke during the emerge...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00319
更新日期:2017-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Diagnosing stroke as a cause of acute vertigo, dizziness, or double vision remains a challenge, because symptom characteristics can be variable. The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate lesion-symptom relationships in patients with acute vestibular or ocular motor stroke. Methods: Three h...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00822
更新日期:2020-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::Formulaic expressions naturally convey affective content. The unique formal and functional characteristics of idioms, slang, expletives, proverbs, conversational speech formulas, and the many other conventional expressions in this repertory have been well-described: these include unitary form, conventionalized and non...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00573
更新日期:2018-07-24 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been suggested a treatment option in order to reduce the development of secondary insults succeeding traumatic brain injury. This case report studied the course of a 23-year-old gentleman with a close range transhemispheric gunshot wound. The biochemical parameters, using a multi-mo...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00062
更新日期:2015-03-23 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy (SBMA) is caused by the extension of the polyglutamine tract within the androgen receptor (AR) gene, and results in a multisystem presentation, including the degeneration of lower motor neurons. The androgen receptor (AR) is known to modulate the expression of endogenous ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00968
更新日期:2019-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing evidence for hippocampal involvement in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Recent neuroimaging studies have been focused on disease-related hippocampal volume alterations while changes in hippocampal shape have been investigated less frequently. Here, we aimed to characterize the patterns of hipp...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00565
更新日期:2018-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Successful implementation of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) for neuro-vascular emergencies such as cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage is extraordinarily challenging. Besides establishing an accurate, hyper-expedited diagnosis among many mimics in a person with acute neurologic...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2011.00065
更新日期:2011-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::Gaze stability exercises are a critical component of vestibular rehabilitation for individuals with vestibular hypofunction and many studies reveal the rehabilitation improves functional performance. However, few studies have examined the vestibular physiologic mechanisms (semicircular canal; otolith) responsible for ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00079
更新日期:2020-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::We describe three patients diagnosed with bilateral vestibular dysfunction associated with the jet propellant type-eight (JP-8) fuel exposure. Chronic exposure to aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are the main constituents of JP-8 military aircraft jet fuel, occurred over 3-5 years' duration while working on ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00351
更新日期:2018-05-16 00:00:00
abstract::Background and Aim: Reliable, valid and sensitive measures of dual-task-associated impairments in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may reveal progressive deficits unnoticed under single-task walking. The aim of this study was to quantitatively identify markers of progressive gait deficits in idiopathic PD while ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00372
更新日期:2019-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::Intracranial atherosclerotic disease was very common among stroke patients of Asians, Blacks, and Hispanics ancestry. Furthermore, stroke patients with intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) have higher recurrence rate of cerebral ischemia and death than those without ICAS. However, the natural history of intracranial at...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fneur.2014.00125
更新日期:2014-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative mapping of the magnetic susceptibility and the effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*) are suitable to assess the iron content in distinct brain regions. In this prospective, explorative study the iron accumulation in deep gray matter nuclei (DGM) in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and 2 (DM2) and its ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01320
更新日期:2019-12-13 00:00:00
abstract::Adolescents with traumatic brain injury (TBI) typically demonstrate good recovery of previously acquired skills. However, higher-order and later emergent cognitive functions are often impaired and linked to poor outcomes in academic and social/behavioral domains. Few control trials exist that test cognitive treatment ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2014.00087
更新日期:2014-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Gait disturbances are one of the principal and most incapacitating symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, walking economy is impaired in PD patients and could contribute to excess fatigue in this population. An important number of studies have shown that treadmill training can improve kinematic parameters ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2014.00191
更新日期:2014-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Headache associated with Moyamoya disease (HAMD) in the Chinese population is not well-described. The long-term outcome of surgical revascularization and natural course of HAMD has not been disclosed either. Methods: A headache screening questionnaire in China based on the ICHD2 and a face-to-face intervie...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.605636
更新日期:2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) is one of the nine polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases and is caused by a CAG repeat expansion within the coding sequence of the ATXN3 gene. Few multimodal imaging analyses of the macro- and micro-structural changes have been performed. Methods: In...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01025
更新日期:2019-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::Periodontitis is an oral inflammatory disease and may contribute to low-grade systemic inflammation. Based on the contribution of periodontitis to systemic inflammation and the potential role of systemic inflammation in neuroinflammation, many epidemiological studies have investigated a possible association between pe...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00323
更新日期:2019-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Background: For the preoperatively often required confirmation of clinically defined carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), sensory as well as motor nerve conduction studies can be applied. The aim of this study was to test the sensitivity of specific motor nerve conduction tests in comparison with, as well as in addition to, ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00149
更新日期:2019-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::Most clinical diagnoses of stroke are based on the persistence of symptoms relating to consciousness, language, visual-field loss, extraocular movement, neglect (visual), motor strength, and sensory loss following acute cerebral infarction. Yet despite the fact that most motor actions and cognition are driven by visio...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00705
更新日期:2020-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::We report a case of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) due to delta storage pool disease in a 60-year-old female on a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Increased susceptibility to SNRI-effects on hemostasis was due to a genetic disposition mediated by a polymorphism of the SLC6A4 gene coding...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01257
更新日期:2019-11-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Tinnitus is a common symptom of hearing impairment. Patients who are bilaterally hard of hearing are often affected by tinnitus. However, they cannot undergo any of the standard tinnitus therapies, since they rely on hearing. Cochlear implantation (CI) used to treat severe hearing disabilities, such as bilate...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00158
更新日期:2017-04-25 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To construct and validate a short scale for the assessment of the severity of visual height intolerance (vHI) and acrophobia. METHODS:The questionnaire was developed from two earlier representative epidemiological studies (n = 5,529). Items were applied in a telephone survey of a representative population-based s...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00211
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a clonidine transdermal patch in the treatment of children with tic disorders (TD) and to establish a predictive model for patients. METHODS:Forty-one patients who met the inclusion criteria entered into 12 weeks of prospective, open, single-group, self-controlle...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00032
更新日期:2017-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep complaints increase profoundly with age; prevalence estimates of insomnia in the elderly reach up to 37%. The three major types of nocturnal complaints are difficulties initiating (DIS) and maintaining (DMS) sleep and early morning awakening (EMA), of which the latter appears most characteristic for aging. The n...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00105
更新日期:2012-06-28 00:00:00