WITHDRAWN: Maternal iodine supplements in areas of deficiency.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Social phobia (SP), or social anxiety disorder, is a prevalent and disabling disorder. There is growing evidence that SP is mediated by specific neurobiological factors, and increased interest in the use of medication in its treatment. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of pharmacotherapy for Social Phobia, a...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Stein DJ,Ipser JC,Balkom AJ

更新日期：2004-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor which blocks cytokine signaling involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including ulcerative colitis (UC). The etiology of UC is poorly understood, however research suggests the development and progression of the disease is due to a dysregulated...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Davies SC,Hussein IM,Nguyen TM,Parker CE,Khanna R,Jairath V

更新日期：2020-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There have been recent advances in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting using 5-HT(3) inhibitors and dexamethasone. However, many still experience these symptoms, and expert panels encourage additional methods to reduce these symptoms. OBJECTIVES:The objective was to assess the effectiveness of acupunct...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Ezzo JM,Richardson MA,Vickers A,Allen C,Dibble SL,Issell BF,Lao L,Pearl M,Ramirez G,Roscoe J,Shen J,Shivnan JC,Streitberger K,Treish I,Zhang G

更新日期：2006-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Febrile seizures occurring in a child older than one month during an episode of fever affect 2% to 4% of children in Great Britain and the United States and recur in 30%. Rapid-acting antiepileptics and antipyretics given during subsequent fever episodes have been used to avoid the adverse effects of continu...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Offringa M,Newton R,Cozijnsen MA,Nevitt SJ

更新日期：2017-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition affecting 8% to 13% of reproductive-aged women. In the past clomiphene citrate (CC) used to be the first-line treatment in women with PCOS. Ovulation induction with letrozole should be the first-line treatment according to new guidelines, but the use of ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Bordewijk EM,Ng KYB,Rakic L,Mol BWJ,Brown J,Crawford TJ,van Wely M

更新日期：2020-02-11 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Trachoma is a major cause of avoidable blindness. It is responsible for about six million blind people worldwide, mostly in the poor communities of developing countries. One of the major strategies advocated for the control of the disease is the application of various environmental sanitary measures to such ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Rabiu M,Alhassan M,Ejere H

更新日期：2007-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Acupuncture is widely used for the treatment of headache, but its effectiveness is controversial. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether acupuncture is: - more effective than no treatment - more effective than 'sham' (placebo) acupuncture - as effective as other interventions used to treat idiopathic (primary) hea...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Melchart D,Linde K,Fischer P,Berman B,White A,Vickers A,Allais G

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is a progressive condition that has no cure and often requires a total hip arthroplasty (THA). The principal methods for THA are the posterior and direct lateral approaches. The posterior approach is considered to be easy to perform, however, increased rates of dislocation have...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Jolles BM,Bogoch ER

更新日期：2006-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Indomethacin is used as standard therapy to close a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) but is associated with reduced blood flow to several organs. Ibuprofen, another cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, may be as effective as indomethacin with fewer adverse effects. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effectiveness and safety o...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Ohlsson A,Walia R,Shah SS

更新日期：2020-02-11 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although calcium is one the simplest and least expensive strategies for preventing osteoporotic fractures calcium supplementation is nevertheless not without controversy (Kanis 1989; Nordin 1990). The Food and Drug Administration in the US has permitted a bone health claim for calcium-rich foods, and the NIH...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Shea B,Wells G,Cranney A,Zytaruk N,Robinson V,Griffith L,Hamel C,Ortiz Z,Peterson J,Adachi J,Tugwell P,Guyatt G,Osteoporosis Methodology Group.,Osteoporosis Research Advisory Group.

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Primary malaria prevention on a large scale depends on two vector control interventions: indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs). Historically, IRS has reduced malaria transmission in many settings in the world, but the health effects of IRS have never been properly quanti...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Pluess B,Tanser FC,Lengeler C,Sharp BL

更新日期：2010-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Acute bacterial meningitis remains a disease with high mortality rate, ranging from 10 to 30 percent, despite advances in critical care. It has been estimated that between 5 to 40 percent of all patients can suffer hearing loss. The use of corticosteroids as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of acute bacteri...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： van de Beek D,de Gans J,McIntyre P,Prasad K

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of illness and death in the Western world. In Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States, it is the second commonest cancer for women after breast cancer (age-standardised incidence 22-33 per 100,000), and men after prostate or lung cancer (age-standardised incid...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Towler BP,Irwig L,Glasziou P,Weller D,Kewenter J

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) constitutes about 80% of all lung cancer cases. Although surgery is the only curative treatment of NSCLC, fewer than 20% of tumors can be radically resected. Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment modalities in lung cancer, contributing to both its cure and palliation. ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Cardona AF,Reveiz L,Ospina EG,Ospina V,Yepes A

更新日期：2008-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Epidemiological and other studies suggest that a diet rich in omega-3 essential fatty acids (derived from fish oil) may have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects for chronic conditions such as cystic fibrosis (CF). OBJECTIVES:To determine whether there is evidence that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid sup...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： McKarney C,Everard M,N'Diaye T

更新日期：2007-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Combination antiretroviral therapy administered to HIV-infected individuals has been shown to improve immunologic function and delay the progression of HIV infection. However, because patient adherence to complicated combination-therapy antiretroviral regimens is difficult and because of concerns regarding c...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Rutherford GW,Feldman KA,Kennedy GE

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies have reported high tumour response rates for platinum-containing regimens in the treatment of women with metastatic breast cancer. Most of these studies were conducted prior to the 'intrinsic subtype' era, and did not specifically focus on metastatic triple-negative breast cancers (mTNBCs). OBJECTIV...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Egger SJ,Willson ML,Morgan J,Walker HS,Carrick S,Ghersi D,Wilcken N

更新日期：2017-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Strabismus, or squint, can be defined as a deviation from perfect ocular alignment and can be classified in many ways according to its aetiology and presentation. Treatment can be broadly divided into medical and surgical options, with a variety of surgical techniques being available, including the use of ad...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Hassan S,Haridas A,Sundaram V

更新日期：2018-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Approximately 800 million women and children have anaemia, a condition thought to cause almost 9% of the global burden of years lived with disability. Around half this burden could be amenable to interventions that involve the provision of iron. Maize (corn) is one of the world's most important cereal grains...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Garcia-Casal MN,Peña-Rosas JP,De-Regil LM,Gwirtz JA,Pasricha SR

更新日期：2018-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Surgery on the abdominal aorta to treat aneurysms or occlusive disease is a major undertaking which requires intensive physiological support and fluid management. Blood products are often used but the main fluid replacement is with crystalloids or colloids. For years there has been controversy over which flu...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Toomtong P,Suksompong S

更新日期：2010-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis is a condition resulting in an increased risk of skeletal fractures due to a reduction in the density of bone tissue. Treatment of osteoporosis typically involves the use of pharmacological agents. In general it is thought that disuse (prolonged periods of inactivity) and unloading of the skelet...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Howe TE,Shea B,Dawson LJ,Downie F,Murray A,Ross C,Harbour RT,Caldwell LM,Creed G

更新日期：2011-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Many people with schizophrenia do not achieve a satisfactory treatment response with ordinary antipsychotic drug treatment. In these cases, various add-on medications are used, among them lithium. OBJECTIVES:To review the effects of lithium for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Leucht S,McGrath J,Kissling W

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sickle cell disease is an inherited autosomal recessive blood condition and is one of the most prevalent genetic blood diseases worldwide. Acute chest syndrome is a frequent complication of sickle cell disease, as well as a major cause of morbidity and the greatest single cause of mortality in children with ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Dastgiri S,Dolatkhah R

更新日期：2016-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Otitis media with effusion (OME) or 'glue ear' is an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear, in the absence of acute inflammation or infection. It is the commonest cause of acquired hearing loss in childhood and the usual reason for insertion of 'grommets'. Potential treatments include decongestants, mucoly...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Perera R,Haynes J,Glasziou P,Heneghan CJ

更新日期：2006-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Total knee arthroplasty is a common intervention for patients with arthritis. Post-surgical rehabilitation often includes continuous passive motion. However, it is not clear whether continuous passive motion is effective. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effectiveness of continuous passive motion following total ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Harvey LA,Brosseau L,Herbert RD

更新日期：2010-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Limited evidence supports a hypothesis suggesting that schizophrenic symptoms may be the result of altered neuronal membrane structure and metabolism. This structure and metabolism is dependent on blood plasma levels of certain essential fatty acids and their metabolites. OBJECTIVES:To review the effects po...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Joy CB,Mumby-Croft R,Joy LA

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a condition characterised by benign papillomatous (wart-like) growths in the upper airway. It can affect both adults and children causing airway-obstruction and voice change. Treatment usually involves repeated surgical debulking of the papillomata, and several agents ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Chadha NK,James AL

更新日期：2005-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Traumatic experiences evoke emotions such as fear, anxiety and distress and may encourage avoidance of similar situations in the future. For a proportion of those exposed to a traumatic event, this emotional reaction becomes uncontrollable and can develop into Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Breslau 2...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Lawrence S,De Silva M,Henley R

更新日期：2010-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cervical priming before first-trimester surgical abortion is recommended in certain groups of women. Nitric oxide (NO) donors induce cervical ripening without uterine contractions, but the efficacy and side effects are of concern. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate efficacy, side effects and complications of NO donors ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Promsonthi P,Preechapornprasert D,Chanrachakul B

更新日期：2009-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of beta-sitosterols (B-sitosterol) on urinary symptoms and flow measures in men with of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). SEARCH STRATEGY:Trials were searched in computerized general and specialized databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Phytodok),...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Wilt T,Ishani A,MacDonald R,Stark G,Mulrow C,Lau J

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00