Abstract:
:The cells of the neural crest, often referred to as neural crest stem cells, give rise to a number of sub-lineages, one of which is Schwann cells, the glial cells of peripheral nerves. Crest cells transform to adult Schwann cells through the generation of two well defined intermediate stages, the Schwann cell precursors (SCP) in early embryonic nerves, and immature Schwann cells (iSch) in late embryonic and perinatal nerves. SCP are formed when neural crest cells enter nascent nerves and form intimate relationships with axons, a diagnostic feature of glial cells. This involves large-scale changes in gene expression, including the activation of established glial cell markers. Like early glia in the CNS, radial glia, SCP retain developmental multipotency and contribute to other crest-derived lineages during embryonic development. SCP, as well as closely related cells termed boundary cap cells, and later stages of the Schwann cell lineage have all been implicated as the tumor initiating cell in NF1 associated neurofibromas. iSch are formed from SCP in a process that involves the appearance of additional differentiation markers, autocrine survival circuits, cellular elongation, a formation of endoneurial connective tissue and basal lamina. Finally, in peri- and post-natal nerves, iSch are reversibly induced by axon-associated signals to form the myelin and non-myelin Schwann cells of adult nerves. This review article discusses early Schwann cell development in detail and describes a large number of molecular signaling systems that control glial development in embryonic nerves.
journal_name
Front Mol Neuroscijournal_title
Frontiers in molecular neuroscienceauthors
Jessen KR,Mirsky Rdoi
10.3389/fnmol.2019.00069subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-03-26 00:00:00pages
69issn
1662-5099journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems is crucial for the modulation of neuronal excitability in the central nervous system (CNS). The activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is reported to enhance the response of hippocampal glutamate receptors, but whether the i...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2016.00077
更新日期:2016-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::Rod and cone phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) are key effector enzymes of the vertebrate phototransduction pathway. Rod PDE6 consists of two catalytic subunits PDE6α and PDE6β and two identical inhibitory PDE6γ subunits, while cone PDE6 is composed of two identical PDE6α' catalytic subunits and two identical cone-specific P...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00233
更新日期:2018-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::Inter-relationships ordinarily exist between mRNA expression of GABA(A) subunits in the frontopolar cortex (FPC) of individuals that had died suddenly from causes other than suicide. However, these correlations were largely absent in persons that had died by suicide. In the present investigation, these findings were e...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/neuro.02.003.2010
更新日期:2010-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized primarily by the selective death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the midbrain. Although several genetic forms of PD have been identified, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying DA neuron loss i...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2013.00040
更新日期:2013-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Electroacupuncture (EA) could improve the hyperactivity of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis induced by hepatectomy. However, its underlying mechanism still remains largely unclear. Here, we found that hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) modulates the function of the HPA axis, while hepatec...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00308
更新日期:2017-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results from the loss of upper and lower motor neurons. One of the key pathological hallmarks in diseased neurons is the mislocalization of disease-associated proteins and the formation of cytoplasmic aggregates of these proteins and their intera...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00263
更新日期:2017-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive CNS disorder that is primarily associated with impaired movement. PD develops over decades and is linked to the gradual loss of dopamine delivery to the striatum, via the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). While the administration o...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00010
更新日期:2019-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::Status epilepticus (SE, a prolonged seizure activity) leads to reactive astrogliosis and astroglial apoptosis in the regional specific manners, independent of hemodynamics. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) activity is relevant to these distinct astroglial responses. Since various regulatory signaling molecules be...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00180
更新日期:2019-07-24 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00312.]. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00079
更新日期:2019-04-04 00:00:00
abstract::The constitutively active protein glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), a serine/threonine kinase, acts paradoxically as a tumor suppressor in some cancers while potentiates growth in others. Deciphering what governs its actions is vital for understanding many pathological conditions, including brain cancer. What are see...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2011.00047
更新日期:2011-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::Transcription factors regulate multiple processes during brain development and in the adult brain, from brain patterning to differentiation and maturation of highly specialized neurons as well as establishing and maintaining the functional neuronal connectivity. The members of the zinc-finger transcription factor fami...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2020.00051
更新日期:2020-04-08 00:00:00
abstract::The tetrameric capsaicin receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in mammals has evolved the capability to integrate pain signal arising from harmful temperature and chemical irritants. The four repetitions of TRPV1 subunits result in an ion channel with excellent pain sensitivity, allowing this ionot...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00302
更新日期:2020-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::In the brain, de novo gene expression driven by learning-associated neuronal activities is critical for the formation of long-term memories. However, the signaling machinery mediating neuronal activity-induced gene expression, especially the rapid transcription of immediate-early genes (IEGs) remains unclear. Cyclin-d...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00365
更新日期:2017-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disease with early degeneration of the central cholinergic neurons. Currently, three of four AD drugs act by inhibiting the acetylcholine (ACh) degrading enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Efficacy of these drugs depends on available amount of ACh, which is biosynthesized by...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00239
更新日期:2019-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke with highest mortality and morbidity. We have previously demonstrated that dipotassium bisperoxo (picolinato) oxovanadate (V), (bpV[pic]) inhibits phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. In this study, we ...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00281
更新日期:2019-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal identity is generated by the cell-surface expression of clustered protocadherin (Pcdh) isoforms. In mice, 58 isoforms from three gene clusters, Pcdhα, Pcdhβ, and Pcdhγ, are differentially expressed in neurons. Since cis-heteromeric Pcdh oligomers on the cell surface interact homophilically with that in other ...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00114
更新日期:2017-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic vesicle proteins 2 (SV2) were discovered in the early 80s, but the clear demonstration that SV2A is the target of efficacious anti-epileptic drugs from the racetam family stimulated efforts to improve understanding of its role in the brain. Many functions have been suggested for SV2 proteins including ions or...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00148
更新日期:2017-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have a higher prevalence in male individuals compared to females, with a ratio of affected boys compared to girls of 4:1 for ASD and 11:1 for Asperger syndrome. Mutations in the SHANK genes (comprising SHANK1, SHANK2 and SHANK3) coding for postsynaptic scaffolding proteins have been tig...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00337
更新日期:2018-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Epilepsy, one of the most prevalent neurological conditions, presents as a complex disorder of network homeostasis characterized by spontaneous non-provoked seizures and associated comorbidities. Currently used antiepileptic drugs have been designed to suppress neuronal hyperexcitability and thereby to suppress epilep...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2016.00026
更新日期:2016-04-13 00:00:00
abstract::N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an important role in many aspects of nervous system function such as synaptic plasticity and neuronal development. NMDARs are heteromers consisting of an obligate NR1 and most commonly one or two kinds of NR2 subunits. While the receptors have been well characterized in som...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/neuro.02.004.2009
更新日期:2009-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Brain metabolic DNA (BMD) is continuously synthesized by reverse transcription in presynaptic synaptosomes and astroglia, and is partly transferred to nuclei after acquiring the double stranded configuration. Synthesis and turnover of BMD are markedly dependent on brain activity, as shown by circadian oscillations, en...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2020.00057
更新日期:2020-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Hoxa5 is a member of the Hox gene family that plays critical roles in successive steps of the central nervous system formation during embryonic and fetal development. In the mouse, Hoxa5 was recently shown to be expressed in the medulla oblongata and the pons from fetal stages to adulthood. In these territories, Hoxa5...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00369
更新日期:2017-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a tandem repeat mutation encoding an expanded polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein, which leads to cognitive, psychiatric and motor dysfunction. Exposure to environmental enrichment (EE), which enhances levels of cognitive stimulation and phy...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00433
更新日期:2018-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Medical marijuana is increasingly prescribed as an analgesic for a growing number of indications, amongst which terminal cancer and multiple sclerosis. However, the mechanistic aspects and properties of cannabis remain remarkably poorly characterized. In this study we aimed to investigate the immune-cell modulatory pr...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00014
更新日期:2017-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroblastoma, the major cause of infant cancer deaths, results from fast proliferation of undifferentiated neuroblasts. Treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma includes differentiation with retinoic acid (RA); however, the resistance of many of these tumors to RA-induced differentiation poses a considerable challenge. H...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2016.00156
更新日期:2016-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2), a major chloride transporter that maintains GABAA receptor inhibition in mature mammalian neurons, is down-regulated in the hippocampus during epileptogenesis. Impaired KCC2 function accelerates or facilitates seizure onset. Calpain, with two main subtypes of m- and μ-calpai...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00287
更新日期:2018-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::We earlier reported that the male mice lacking the Wdr13 gene (Wdr13-/0) showed mild anxiety, better memory retention, and up-regulation of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus. With increasing evidences from parallel studies in our laboratory about the possible role of Wdr13 in stress response, we investigated its ro...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00133
更新日期:2018-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::Recoverin (Rcv) is a low molecular-weight, neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) primarily located in photoreceptor outer segments of the vertebrate retina. Calcium ions (Ca2+)-bound Rcv has been proposed to inhibit G-protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRKs) in darkness. During the light response, the Ca2+-free Rcv releases GRK...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00473
更新日期:2018-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::The brain is complex and heterogeneous. Even though numerous independent studies indicate cortical hyperexcitability as a potential contributor to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathology, the mechanisms that are responsible for upper motor neuron (UMN) vulnerability remain elusive. To reveal the electrophysiolog...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2020.00073
更新日期:2020-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by the buildup of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary Tau tangles. This leads to decreased synaptic efficacy, cell death, and, consequently, brain atrophy in patients. Behaviorally, this manifests as memory loss and confusion. Using a...
journal_title:Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnmol.2020.594319
更新日期:2020-11-16 00:00:00