Abstract:
:Microvesicles (MVs) are membrane particles of 200-500 nm released by all cell types constitutively. MVs of myeloid origin are found increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients suffering from neuroinflammatory disorders, although the factors triggering their production have never been defined. Here, we report that both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, specifically interferon-γ and interleukin-4, are equally able to stimulate the production of MVs from microglia cells and monocytes. Additionally, we found this process to be independent from the best characterized molecular pathway so far described for membrane shedding, which is centered on the purinergic receptor P2X7, whose activation by high concentrations of extracellular ATP (exATP) results in membrane blebbing operated by the secreted enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase). Moreover, a potent inhibitor of ASMase, injected in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, failed to reduce the number of MVs in their CSF. This suggests that cytokines, rather than exATP, may exert a long-term control of MV production in the context of chronic inflammation, where both pro- and anti-inflammatory factors play coordinated roles.
journal_name
Front Immunoljournal_title
Frontiers in immunologyauthors
Colombo F,Bastoni M,Nigro A,Podini P,Finardi A,Casella G,Ramesh M,Farina C,Verderio C,Furlan Rdoi
10.3389/fimmu.2018.00204subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-02-07 00:00:00pages
204issn
1664-3224journal_volume
9pub_type
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