Abstract:
:Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are chromatin filaments decorated with enzymes from neutrophil cytoplasmic granules. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) bind to enzymes from neutrophil cytoplasmic granules and are biomarkers for the diagnosis of systemic vasculitides. ANCA diagnostics are based on indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) of ethanol-fixed neutrophils. IIF shows a cytoplasmic staining pattern (C-ANCA) due to autoantibodies against proteinase 3 (PR3) or a perinuclear staining pattern (P-ANCA) due to autoantibodies against myeloperoxidase (MPO). The distinct ANCA-staining patterns are an artifact of ethanol fixation. Here, we tested NETs as a substrate for the detection of ANCAs in human sera. We observed that P-ANCAs specifically stained NETs, while C-ANCAs targeted the cell bodies of netting neutrophils. The distinct ANCA-staining patterns were caused by the presence of MPO, but not PR3, in NETs. Using NETs as a substrate for IIF, we characterized ANCAs in sera of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). Furthermore, we inhibited serine proteases by diisopropylfluorophosphate to prevent chromatin unfolding and the release of NETs and thus generated neutrophils with MPO-positive nuclei and PR3-positive cytoplasm, which resembled the appearance of ethanol-fixed neutrophils. In conclusion, our data suggest that NETs are selectively loaded with antigens recognized by P-ANCAs, and netting neutrophils provide a physiological substrate for ANCA detection in patients with AAV.
journal_name
Front Immunoljournal_title
Frontiers in immunologyauthors
Panda R,Krieger T,Hopf L,Renné T,Haag F,Röber N,Conrad K,Csernok E,Fuchs TAdoi
10.3389/fimmu.2017.00439subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-04-13 00:00:00pages
439issn
1664-3224journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The adaptive immune response is initiated in lymph nodes by contact between antigen-bearing dendritic cells (DCs) and antigen-specific T cells. A selected number of naïve T cells that recognize a specific antigen may proliferate into expanded clones, differentiate, and acquire an effector phenotype. Despite growing ex...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01289
更新日期:2019-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::COVID-19 is a global pandemic currently in an acute phase of rapid expansion. While public health measures remain the most effective protection strategy at this stage, when the peak passes, it will leave in its wake important health problems. Historically, very few viruses have ever been eradicated. Instead, the virus...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.574508
更新日期:2020-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::KIR2DL5 (CD158f) is the most recently identified inhibitory member of human killer-cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs), which enable NK cells to sense self-HLA. Unlike KIR2DL1-3, recognizing HLA-C allotypes through Ig-like domains of the D1-D2 type, KIR2DL5 shares a D0-D2 configuration with KIR2DL4, and its ligands have not...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00698
更新日期:2017-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to be one of the most successful pathogens on earth. Upon inhalation of M. tuberculosis by a healthy individual, the host immune system will attempt to eliminate these pathogens using a combination of immune defense strategies. These include the recruitment of macrophages and other...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00455
更新日期:2014-10-08 00:00:00
abstract::Modern animal and crop production practices are associated with the regular use of antimicrobials, potentially increasing selection pressure on bacteria to become resistant. Alternative approaches are needed in order to satisfy the demands of the growing human population without the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02223
更新日期:2018-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::Tumors must evade the immune system to survive and metastasize, although the mechanisms that lead to tumor immunoediting and their evasion of immune surveillance are far from clear. The first line of defense against metastatic invasion is the innate immune system that provides immediate defense through humoral immunit...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00066
更新日期:2015-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::The intestinal barrier provides the host with a strong defense line against the external environment playing also a pivotal role in the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the immune system. Notably, increasing lines of evidence concerning autoimmune disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) report an imbalance i...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01937
更新日期:2019-08-16 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The PD-1/PD-L1 axis has recently emerged as an immune checkpoint that controls antitumor immune responses also in hematological malignancies. However, the use of anti-PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies in multiple myeloma (MM) patients still remains debated, at least in part because of discordant literature data on PD-L1...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.613007
更新日期:2021-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a difficult-to-eliminate disease. Although the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has been available for decades, its efficacy is variable and has lessened over time. Furthermore, the BCG vaccine no longer protects against newly emerged Beijing...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01298
更新日期:2020-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs), the small non-coding RNAs, play a pivotal role in post-transcriptional gene regulation in various cellular processes. However, the miRNA function in shrimp antiviral response is not clearly understood. This research aims to uncover the function of pmo-miR-315, a white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)-res...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02184
更新日期:2018-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Scleroderma (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by immune dysregulation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis. We have previously demonstrated that low Fli1 expression in SSc fibroblasts and endothelial cells plays an important role in SSc pathogenesis. Cells of myeloid and lymphoid origin also expres...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00800
更新日期:2020-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::Effector CD8+ T cells generally produce type-1 cytokines and mediators of the perforin/granzyme cytolytic pathway, yet type-2-polarized CD8+ cells (Tc2) are detected in type-2 (T2) cytokine-driven diseases such as asthma. It is unclear whether T2 cytokine exposure during activation is sufficient to polarize human CD8+...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01141
更新日期:2018-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor signaling dampens the functionality of T cells faced with repetitive antigenic stimulation from chronic infections or tumors. Using intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation with mouse polyomavirus (MuPyV), we have shown that CD8 T cells establish a PD-1hi, tissue-resident memory populat...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00783
更新日期:2019-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::Soil-transmitted helminths represent a major global health burden with infections and infection-related comorbidities causing significant reductions in the quality of life for individuals living in endemic areas. Repeated infections and chronic colonization by these large extracellular worms in mammals led to the evol...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01594
更新日期:2020-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::Techniques with high sensitivity and specificity are required for an accurate diagnosis in low-transmission settings, where the conventional parasitological methods are insensitive. We determined the accuracy of an up-converting phosphor-lateral flow circulating anodic antigen (UCP-LF CAA) assay in urine and serum for...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00682
更新日期:2019-04-04 00:00:00
abstract::Human pregnancy is accompanied by a mild systemic inflammatory response, which includes the activation of monocytes circulating in maternal blood. This response is exaggerated in preeclampsia, a placental-dependent disorder specific to human pregnancies. We and others showed that placental syncytiotrophoblast membrane...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00173
更新日期:2014-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophages, as professional phagocytes of the immune system, possess the ability to detect and clear invading pathogens and apoptotic cells through phagocytosis. Phagocytosis involves membrane reorganization and remodeling events on the cell surface, which play an essential role in innate immunity and tissue homeosta...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01723
更新日期:2018-07-24 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of cognitive functions. Its neuropathological features include amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, and the loss of neurons and synapses. Neuroinflammation is a well-established fea...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00211
更新日期:2017-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::Helicobacter pylori infections are usually established in early childhood and continuously stimulate immunity, including T-helper 1 (Th1), Th17, and regulatory T-cell (Treg) responses, throughout life. Although known to be the major cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer, disease occurs in a minority of thos...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00071
更新日期:2016-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00367.]. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00498
更新日期:2020-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::In lymphocytes, the three NFAT factors NFATc1 (also designated as NFAT2), NFATc2 (NFAT1), and NFATc3 (NFAT4 or NFATx) are expressed and are the targets of immune receptor signals, which lead to a rapid rise of intracellular Ca(++), the activation of phosphatase calcineurin, and to the activation of cytosolic NFATc pro...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00021
更新日期:2014-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is highly effective in the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or B-cell lymphoma, providing alternative therapeutic options for patients who failed to respond to conventional treatment or relapse. Moreover, it can bridge other therapeutic strategies an...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02664
更新日期:2019-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::Natural antibodies (NAbs) are pre-existing antibodies with germline origin that arise in the absence of previous exposure to foreign antigens. NAbs are produced by B-1 lymphocytes and are primarily of the IgM isotype. There is accumulating evidence that - in addition to their role in antimicrobial host defense - NAbs ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00415
更新日期:2013-01-09 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is a major contributor to graft rejection after liver transplantation. During IR injury, an intense inflammatory process occurs in the liver. Neutrophils are considered central players in the events that lead to liver injury. CXC chemokines mediate hepatic inflammation following rep...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01917
更新日期:2018-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::T lymphocytes first carried foreign genes safely into humans over two decades ago. Since these pioneering studies, scientific techniques to better understand the genomic landscape of cells has directly led to a more sophisticated appreciation of the diversity, functional complexity, and therapeutic potential of T cell...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00304
更新日期:2013-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::Cross-presentation of endocytosed antigen as peptide/class I major histocompatibility complex complexes plays a central role in the elicitation of CD8(+) T cell clones that mediate anti-viral and anti-tumor immune responses. While it has been clear that there are specific subsets of professional antigen presenting cel...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00037
更新日期:2012-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::Tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) work through silencing of differentiated antigen-specific T cells, activation and expansion of naturally occurring T regulatory cells (Tregs), transfer of regulatory properties to T cells, and the differentiation of naïve T cells into Tregs. Due to an operational definition based on T...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00113
更新日期:2013-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::Despite advances, identification and formulation of safe and effective vaccine for long-lasting protection against leishmaniasis is still inadequate. In this study, we have identified a novel antigen, leishmanial elongation factor-1α (EF1-α), as an immunodominant component of solubilized leishmanial membrane antigens ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00018
更新日期:2018-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) play a crucial role in regulating the intestinal immune response during colitis. We previously revealed an essential role of MDSC in promoting TH17 cell polarization, which was found to be arginase-1 (Arg-1)-dependent; however, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Here we r...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00687
更新日期:2020-04-22 00:00:00
abstract::A process is a function of time; in immunometabolism, this is reflected by the stepwise adaptation of metabolism to sustain the bio-energetic demand of an immune-response in its various states and shades. This perspective article starts by presenting an early attempt to investigate the physiology of inflammation, in o...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00164
更新日期:2015-04-08 00:00:00