Abstract:
:Besides nicotine replacement therapies, a realistic alternative for smoking cessation or for smoking substitution may come from electronic cigarettes (ECs), whose popularity has been steadily growing. As for any emerging behaviour associated with exposure to inhalational agents, there is legitimate cause for concern and many health organizations and policy makers have pushed for restrictive policy measures ranging from complete bans to tight regulations of these products. Nonetheless, it is important to reframe these concerns in context of the well-known harm caused by cigarette smoking. In this article, we discuss key public health principles that should be considered when regulating ECs. These include the concept of tobacco harm reduction, importance of relative risk and risk continuum, renormalization of smoking, availability of low-risk product, proportionate taxation, and reassessment of the role of non-tobacco flavours. These public health principles may be systematically scrutinized using a risk assessment matrix that allows: (1) to determine the measure of certainty that a risk will occur; and (2) to estimate the impact of such a risk on public health. Consequently, the ultimate goal of responsible ECs regulation should be that of maximizing the favourable impact of these reduced-risk products whilst minimizing further any potential risks. Consumer perspectives, sound EC research, continuous post-marketing surveillance and reasonable safety and quality product standards should be at the very heart of future regulatory schemes that will address concerns while minimizing unintended consequences of ill-informed regulation.
journal_name
Int J Environ Res Public Healthauthors
Saitta D,Chowdhury A,Ferro GA,Nalis FG,Polosa Rdoi
10.3390/ijerph14040363subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-03-31 00:00:00issue
4eissn
1661-7827issn
1660-4601pii
ijerph14040363journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Physical inactivity is a growing concern in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and globally. Data on physical activity (PA) trends, barriers, and facilitators among adolescents in KSA are scarce. This study aims to identify PA trends amongst adolescents in KSA and associated health and lifestyle behaviors. Data from "Jeelu...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17124464
更新日期:2020-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::Developmental language disorder (DLD) refers to a language delay in the absence of other underlying causes. Individuals with DLD can also present other problems related to behavioral, scholarly, and emotional aspects of their daily lives because of their language difficulties. Moreover, these difficulties could be inf...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-03-16 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::This study aims to examine whether the urban elderly in the Zhejiang Province of China signed contracts with their general practitioner (GP) based on their health service needs, and to further identify the determinants of their demand and signing decisions. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 c...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph14040356
更新日期:2017-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::Horticultural therapy is increasingly being used in the non-pharmacological treatment of patients with schizophrenia, with previous studies demonstrating its therapeutic effects. The healing outcomes are positively correlated with the settings of the intervention. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hor...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijerph18030964
更新日期:2021-01-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cyberbullying is a serious threat to public health and teachers can play a key role in its detection, prevention and intervention. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of the RPC ("Relazioni per crescere"-Relationships to Grow) program, a short intervention, implemented at classroom level by trained...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph16060948
更新日期:2019-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::Social hazards as one of the dimensions of workplace discrimination are a potential social determinant of health inequalities. The aim of this study was to investigate relations between self-reported health and social hazard characteristics (defined as-discrimination as such, violence or threat of violence, time press...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph14101207
更新日期:2017-10-10 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We propose a novel approach to examine vulnerability in the relationship between heat and years of life lost and apply to neighborhood social disparities in Montreal and Paris. METHODS:We used historical data from the summers of 1990 through 2007 for Montreal and from 2004 through 2009 for Paris to estimate...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph120911869
更新日期:2015-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::Employees in health and social care are often simultaneously exposed to both physical and psychosocial challenges that may increase their risk for sickness absence. The study examines interaction effects of physical and psychosocial work conditions on the future risk for sickness absence among nurses and care assistan...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17207427
更新日期:2020-10-12 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3390/ijerph14080882
更新日期:2017-08-05 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17020463
更新日期:2020-01-10 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3390/ijerph17134679
更新日期:2020-06-29 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph15081590
更新日期:2018-07-26 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph15010051
更新日期:2017-12-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph18020463
更新日期:2021-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Aquaculture is a technique to produce food that is under debate, due to its possible consequences for altering the economy, traditional fishing included, or the environment, even with doubts about the health of consumers. This document studies its social acceptance from the point of view of carrying capacity. This ter...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17186628
更新日期:2020-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogenic bacteria that give rise to diseases every year remain a major health concern. In recent years, tellurium-based nanomaterials have been approved as new and efficient antibacterial agents. In this paper, we developed the approach to directly grow tellurium nanowires (Te NWs) onto commercial carbon fiber fabri...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph13020202
更新日期:2016-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::Dentistry is highly energy- and resource-intensive with a significant environmental impact. To consolidate green dentistry supply chains, delivering the care of highest quality that meets client value should not be neglected. This study emphasized the importance of client-centered healthscape design for facilitating a...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph16193507
更新日期:2019-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the potential of aeration control for the achievement of N-removal over nitrite with aerobic granular sludge in sequencing batch reactors. N-removal over nitrite requires less COD, which is particularly interesting if COD is the limiting parameter for nutrient removal. The nutrient removal perf...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph110706955
更新日期:2014-07-08 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17072550
更新日期:2020-04-08 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.3390/ijerph17165778
更新日期:2020-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, healthcare has undergone a sector-wide transformation thanks to advances in computing, networking technologies, big data, and artificial intelligence. Healthcare is not only changing from being reactive and hospital-centered to preventive and personalized, but it is also changing from being disease focused t...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 社论
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更新日期:2020-04-16 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph15102176
更新日期:2018-10-04 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph16214267
更新日期:2019-11-03 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17207669
更新日期:2020-10-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph16010080
更新日期:2018-12-29 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-02-12 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph16081326
更新日期:2019-04-12 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.3390/ijerph15081775
更新日期:2018-08-18 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17030918
更新日期:2020-02-02 00:00:00