Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Nail disorders can arise at any age. About half of all nail disorders are of infectious origin, 15% are due to inflammatory or metabolic conditions, and 5% are due to malignancies and pigment disturbances. The differential diagnosis of nail disorders is often an area of uncertainty. METHODS:This review is based on publications and guidelines retrieved by a selective search in PubMed, including Cochrane reviews, meta-analyses, and AWMF guidelines. RESULTS:Nail disorders are a common reason for derma - tologic consultation. They are assessed by clinical inspection, dermatoscopy, diagnostic imaging, microbiological (including mycological) testing, and histopathological examination. Some 10% of the overall population suffers from onychomycosis, with a point prevalence of around 15%. Bacterial infections of the nails are rarer than fungal colonization. High-risk groups for nail disorders include diabetics, dialysis patients, transplant recipients, and cancer patients. Malignant tumors of the nails are often not correctly diagnosed at first. For subungual melanoma, the mean time from the initial symptom to the correct diagnosis is approximately 2 years; this delay is partly responsible for the low 10-year survival rate of only 43%. CONCLUSION:Evaluation of the nail organ is an important diagnostic instrument. Aside from onychomycosis, which is a common nail disorder, important differential diagnoses such as malignant diseases, drug side effects, and bacterial infections must be considered.
journal_name
Dtsch Arztebl Intjournal_title
Deutsches Arzteblatt internationalauthors
Wollina U,Nenoff P,Haroske G,Haenssle HAdoi
10.3238/arztebl.2016.0509subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-07-25 00:00:00pages
509-18issue
29-30issn
1866-0452pii
arztebl.2016.0509journal_volume
113pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Although the number of elderly patients with fractures is increasing, there have been only a few studies to date of the efficacy of collaborative treatment by trauma surgeons and geriatricians. METHODS:Data on patients over age 75 with femoral neck, trochanteric, proximal humeral, and pelvic ring fractures ...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0113
更新日期:2015-02-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Red eye can arise as a manifestation of many different systemic and ophthalmological diseases. The physician whom the patient first consults for this problem is often not an ophthalmologist. A correct assessment of the urgency of the situation is vitally important for the planning of further diagnostic evalu...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0302
更新日期:2017-04-28 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:A confusing variety of options are available for the treatment of depressive disorders. METHOD:Selective literature review under consideration of current guidelines. RESULTS:The treatment of depression can be divided into acute, maintenance and prophylactic phases. The basic forms of treatment are pharma...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2008.0782
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The German S3 guideline of 2012 has now been updated to take account of advances in the early detection, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and follow-up care of this disease. METHODS:The updating process was based on the adaptation of identified source guide...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0316
更新日期:2018-05-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The long-term use of opioid analgesic drugs to treat chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is a major component of pain pharmacotherapy. The interpretation of the evidence concerning its efficacy and risks is currently debated. METHODS:An interdisciplinary evidence- and consensus-based S3 guideline was updated on ...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0732
更新日期:2014-10-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Overweight and obesity are generally thought to elevate morbidity and mortality. New data call this supposed association into question. METHODS:The Cochrane, Pubmed, and other databases were systematically searched for a combination of relevant terms and subject headings. Meta-analyses and cohort studies ba...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0641
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The treatment options for bcr-abl positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) include chemotherapy, immune therapy, allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and molecular therapy. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib was approved for the treatment of CML in 2002. Data from clinical trials allow a comparison o...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2010.0114
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lung transplantation is the final treatment option in the end stage of certain lung diseases, once all possible conservative treatments have been exhausted. Depending on the indication for which lung transplantation is performed, it can improve the patient's quality of life (e.g., in emphysema) and/ or prolo...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0107
更新日期:2014-02-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Screening colonoscopy can lower the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), yet participation rates are low even in groups at high risk. The goal of this study was to double the rate of participation in screening colonoscopy among persons at familial risk and then to determine the frequency of neoplasia in thi...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0715
更新日期:2018-10-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effectiveness of intraoral appliances (IOA), maxillary expansion (ME), and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) in the treatment of children and adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has not yet been adequately assessed. METHODS:An umbrella review was performed based on established guidelines for evi...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0200
更新日期:2018-03-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The diagnosis of soft-tissue sarcomas of the limbs is often delayed, sometimes markedly so, even though prompt and appropriate treatment improves survival and lowers the amputation rate. METHODS:On the basis of a selective literature review and consideration of the relevant guidelines, we developed an algor...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0032
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Despite recent advances in their treatment, schizophrenic disorders are still among the diseases that most severely impair patients' quality of life. For this reason, centers for the early recognition of schizophrenic disorders have come into existence worldwide. In these centers, much effort is devoted to...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2008.0532
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prostatic cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men in Germany. The goal of this review is to define the indication for hormonal treatment in patients over age 70. METHODS:A selective search of the literature up to 2008 for the terms "prostate cancer", "androgen suppression and deprivation", "hormone th...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0242
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:For prospective parents at risk of transmitting a monogenic disease, polar body analysis is an option for pre-conception genetic diagnosis. In Germany, polar body analysis is currently performed in only two centers (Lübeck and Regensburg). METHODS:The authors present a clinical series of 9 couples at risk f...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0533
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cluster-randomized trials (CRT) are needed to compare interventions that are allocated to entire groups of subjects, rather than to individuals. Publications about CRT have become steadily more common over the past decade. Readers of such publications should be able to categorize and interpret the findings o...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0163
更新日期:2018-03-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the leading reasons for treatment in adult primary care medicine, accounting for a considerable percentage of antibiotic prescriptions. Because this problem is so common and so significant in routine clinical practice, a high level of diagnostic accuracy is essential....
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2010.0361
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Gender identity disorders (GID) can appear even in early infancy with a variable degree of severity. Their prevalence in childhood and adolescence is below 1%. GID are often associated with emotional and behavioral problems as well as a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity. Their clinical course is highly ...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2008.0834
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Treatment with checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1), anti-PD-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1), and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (anti-CTLA-4) antibodies can prolong the survival of cancer patients, but it also induces autoimmune side effects in 86-96% of patients by activating the ...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2019.0119
更新日期:2019-02-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Avulsed frontal teeth often cannot be saved because of improper or lack of initial treatment. The result is a need for multiple interventions over the patient's lifetime, which also carry a high financial cost. METHODS:We explored the subject of lost anterior teeth in young patients with a PubMed search bas...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0565
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Much new evidence on oral anticoagulation has come to light in recent years. Non-vitamin-K-dependent oral anti- coagulants (NOAC) have been developed and have been introduced into clinical practice. In this review, we present the current state of the evidence on anticoagulation for various indications with v...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0776
更新日期:2018-11-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in Germany. 90% of cases are due to the inhalation of tobacco smoke. About 40% of patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer are still smokers. A structured smoking cessation program is medically reasonable in this situation but is only rarely offered. ME...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0719
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent years have seen major changes in the diagnosis and treatment of solid intraocular tumors, mainly owing to an improved molecular biological understanding of their pathogenesis, new therapeutic approaches for the local treatment of tumors in children, and long-term follow-up observations in clinical tri...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0106
更新日期:2018-02-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite sparse documentation of their long-term therapeutic effects and side effects, antipsychotic drugs have come to be prescribed more frequently for children and adolescents in recent years, both in the USA and in Europe. No current data are available about antipsychotic prescriptions for this age group ...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0025
更新日期:2014-01-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few reliable data are available on the epidemiology and treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. We studied the sex and age distribution, frequency of hospitalization, mortality, and conservative versus surgical care of this condition in Germany in order to draw well-founded conclusions about its in-hospital d...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0739
更新日期:2017-11-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The randomized, controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard of scientific evidence for the attribution of clinical effects (benefits and harms) to medical interventions. Many different designs for RCTs have been developed in order to counter legitimate critical objections and to better adapt the trials to th...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0635
更新日期:2017-09-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:One-third of all patients with epilepsy have persistent seizures despite medical treatment. If the origin of the seizures can be localized to a particular site in the brain, epilepsy surgery is a treatment option that addresses the cause of the problem. METHOD:The presurgical assessment and surgical treatme...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0313
更新日期:2014-05-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms are diagnosed in 40 and 10 to 15 out of 100 000 persons per year, respectively. Fenestrated (fEVAR) and branched (bEVAR) stent grafts have been developed for abdominal juxtarenal and thoracoabdominal aneurysms. We discuss the patency and complication rates of fEVAR and...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0816
更新日期:2015-11-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) with a maximal diameter of 3 cm or more is age-dependent; among persons over age 65, it lies between 4% and 8% in men and between 0.5% and 1.5% in women. About 10% of all AAAs have a maximum diameter of 5 cm or more. The prognosis of ruptured AAA (rAAA) is d...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0657
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pre-hospital hypotension in trauma patients is associated with high mortality. Especially for patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), arterial normotension or even hypertension (AHT) is considered an important mechanism for sustaining adequate cerebral perfusion pressure. The effect of pre-hospita...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0849
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most meniscus lesions are of non-traumatic origin. The indications for partial meniscectomy are controversial. METHODS:We systematically searched the literature for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing partial meniscectomy with non-surgical treatment. RESULTS:Of 6870 articles retrieved by the lite...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0705
更新日期:2015-10-16 00:00:00