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Isolation of Infective Zika Virus from Urine and Saliva of Patients in Brazil.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emergent threat provoking a worldwide explosive outbreak. Since January 2015, 41 countries reported autochthonous cases. In Brazil, an increase in Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly cases was linked to ZIKV infections. A recent report describing low experimental transmission efficiency of its main putative vector, Ae. aegypti, in conjunction with apparent sexual transmission notifications, prompted the investigation of other potential sources of viral dissemination. Urine and saliva have been previously established as useful tools in ZIKV diagnosis. Here, we described the presence and isolation of infectious ZIKV particles from saliva and urine of acute phase patients in the Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Nine urine and five saliva samples from nine patients from Rio de Janeiro presenting rash and other typical Zika acute phase symptoms were inoculated in Vero cell culture and submitted to specific ZIKV RNA detection and quantification through, respectively, NAT-Zika, RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. Two ZIKV isolates were achieved, one from urine and one from saliva specimens. ZIKV nucleic acid was identified by all methods in four patients. Whenever both urine and saliva samples were available from the same patient, urine viral loads were higher, corroborating the general sense that it is a better source for ZIKV molecular diagnostic. In spite of this, from the two isolated strains, each from one patient, only one derived from urine, suggesting that other factors, like the acidic nature of this fluid, might interfere with virion infectivity. The complete genome of both ZIKV isolates was obtained. Phylogenetic analysis revealed similarity with strains previously isolated during the South America outbreak. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:The detection of infectious ZIKV particles in urine and saliva of patients during the acute phase may represent a critical factor in the spread of virus. The epidemiological relevance of this finding, regarding the contribution of alternative non-vectorial ZIKV transmission routes, needs further investigation.

journal_name

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

journal_title

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

authors

Bonaldo MC,Ribeiro IP,Lima NS,Dos Santos AA,Menezes LS,da Cruz SO,de Mello IS,Furtado ND,de Moura EE,Damasceno L,da Silva KA,de Castro MG,Gerber AL,de Almeida LG,Lourenço-de-Oliveira R,Vasconcelos AT,Brasil P

doi

10.1371/journal.pntd.0004816

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-06-24 00:00:00

pages

e0004816

issue

eissn

1935-2727

issn

1935-2735

pii

PNTD-D-16-00500

journal_volume

pub_type

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Isolation of Infective Zika Virus from Urine and Saliva of Patients in Brazil.