Abstract：
:Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to dramatic improvements in the lives of HIV-infected persons. However, residual immune activation, which persists despite ART, is associated with increased risk of non-AIDS morbidities. Accumulating evidence shows that disruption of the gut mucosal epithelium during SIV/HIV infections allows translocation of microbial products into the circulation, triggering immune activation. This disruption is due to immune, structural and microbial alterations. In this review, we highlighted the key findings of gut mucosa studies of SIV-infected macaques and HIV-infected humans that have revealed virus-induced changes of intestinal CD4, CD8 T cells, innate lymphoid cells, myeloid cells, and of the local cytokine/chemokine network in addition to epithelial injuries. We review the interplay between the host immune response and the intestinal microbiota, which also impacts disease progression. Collectively, these studies have instructed clinical research on early ART initiation, modifiers of microbiota composition, and recombinant cytokines for restoring gut barrier integrity.
journal_name
EBioMedicinejournal_title
EBioMedicineauthors
Ponte R,Mehraj V,Ghali P,Couëdel-Courteille A,Cheynier R,Routy JPdoi
10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.01.028subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-26 00:00:00pages
40-9issn
2352-3964pii
S2352-3964(16)30024-Xjournal_volume
4pub_type
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