TLR8 regulation of LILRA3 in monocytes is abrogated in human immunodeficiency virus infection and correlates to CD4 counts and virus loads.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related virus (XMRV) was initially identified in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue, particularly in the prostatic stromal fibroblasts, of patients homozygous for the RNASEL R462Q mutation. A subsequent study reported XMRV antigens in malignant prostatic epithelium and associ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Sakuma T,Hué S,Squillace KA,Tonne JM,Blackburn PR,Ohmine S,Thatava T,Towers GJ,Ikeda Y

更新日期：2011-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:This editorial represents a plea to retrovirologists to attend the XVI International Conference on AIDS that will take place in Toronto, Canada between August 13-18, 2006. In short, it is vital that politicians and opinion leaders understand that basic scientists are no less committed to the worldwide battle against H...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Wainberg MA

更新日期：2006-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The reliable diagnosis of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is important, particularly as it can be vertically transmitted by breast feeding mothers to their infants. However, current diagnosis in Japan requires a confirmatory western blot (WB) test after screening/primary testing for HTL...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Okuma K,Kuramitsu M,Niwa T,Taniguchi T,Masaki Y,Ueda G,Matsumoto C,Sobata R,Sagara Y,Nakamura H,Satake M,Miura K,Fuchi N,Masuzaki H,Okayama A,Umeki K,Yamano Y,Sato T,Iwanaga M,Uchimaru K,Nakashima M,Utsunomiya A

更新日期：2020-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Formation of a mature core is a crucial event for infectivity of retroviruses such as Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV). The process is triggered by proteolytic cleavage of the polyprotein precursor Gag, which releases matrix, capsid (CA), and nucleocapsid proteins. Once released, CA assembles to form a matu...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Obr M,Hadravová R,DoleŽal M,KříŽová I,Papoušková V,Zídek L,Hrabal R,Ruml T,Rumlová M

更新日期：2014-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Unlike CD4+ T cells, HIV-1 infected macrophages exhibit extended life span even upon stress, consistent with their in vivo role as long-lived HIV-1 reservoirs. RESULTS:Here, we demonstrate that PI3K/Akt inhibitors, including clinically available Miltefosine, dramatically reduced HIV-1 production from long-l...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Chugh P,Bradel-Tretheway B,Monteiro-Filho CM,Planelles V,Maggirwar SB,Dewhurst S,Kim B

更新日期：2008-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The foamy viral genome encodes four central purine-rich elements localized in the integrase-coding region of pol. Previously, we have shown that the first two of these RNA elements (A and B) are required for protease dimerization and activation. The D element functions as internal polypurine tract during rev...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Moschall R,Denk S,Erkelenz S,Schenk C,Schaal H,Bodem J

更新日期：2017-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In the acute phase of infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), the virus targets activated CD4+ T cells by utilising CD134 (OX40) as a primary attachment receptor and CXCR4 as a co-receptor. The nature of the virus-receptor interaction varies between isolates; strains such as GL8 and CPGammer reco...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Willett BJ,Kraase M,Logan N,McMonagle EL,Samman A,Hosie MJ

更新日期：2010-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) composed by CDK9/CyclinT1 subunits is a dedicated co-factor of HIV transcriptional transactivator Tat protein. Transcription driven by the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HIV involves formation of a quaternary complex between P-TEFb, Tat and the TAR eleme...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Fraldi A,Varrone F,Napolitano G,Michels AA,Majello B,Bensaude O,Lania L

更新日期：2005-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein indirectly influences transcriptional activation, signal transduction, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. The function of Tax primarily relies on protein-protein interactions. We have previously shown that Tax upregulates the cell cycle checkpoint p...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kehn K,Deng L,de la Fuente C,Strouss K,Wu K,Maddukuri A,Baylor S,Rufner R,Pumfery A,Bottazzi ME,Kashanchi F

更新日期：2004-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Combination anti-viral therapies have reduced treatment failure rates by requiring multiple specific mutations to be selected on the same viral genome to impart high-level drug resistance. To determine if the common protease inhibitor resistance mutation L90M is only selected once or repeatedly on different ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kapoor A,Shapiro B,Shafer RW,Shulman N,Rhee SY,Delwart EL

更新日期：2008-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The N-heptad repeat region of the HIV-1 Transmembrane Envelope protein is a trimerization domain that forms part of a "six helix bundle" crucial to Envelope-mediated membrane fusion. N-heptad repeat peptides have been used as extracellular reagents to inhibit virus fusion. RESULTS:When expressed intracellul...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Ou W,Silver J

更新日期：2005-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 budding is directed primarily by two motifs in Gag p6 designated as late domain-1 and -2 that recruit ESCRT machinery by binding Tsg101 and Alix, respectively, and by poorly characterized determinants in the capsid (CA) domain. Here, we report that a conserved Gag p6 residue, S40, impacts budding media...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Watanabe SM,Chen MH,Khan M,Ehrlich L,Kemal KS,Weiser B,Shi B,Chen C,Powell M,Anastos K,Burger H,Carter CA

更新日期：2013-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:As HIV has fueled a global resurgence of tuberculosis over the last several decades, there is a growing awareness that HIV-mediated impairments in both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the heightened risk of tuberculosis in people with HIV. Since early immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) set...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Auld SC,Staitieh BS

更新日期：2020-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 typically develops resistance to any single antiretroviral agent. Combined anti-retroviral therapy to reduce drug-resistance development is necessary to control HIV-1 infection. Here, to assess the utility of a combination of antibody and fusion inhibitor treatments, we investigated the potency of mono...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Alam M,Kuwata T,Shimura K,Yokoyama M,Ramirez Valdez KP,Tanaka K,Maruta Y,Oishi S,Fujii N,Sato H,Matsuoka M,Matsushita S

更新日期：2016-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Long term infection with HIV-1, even in the context of therapy, leads to chronic health problems including an array of neurocognitive dysfunctions. The viral Tat protein has previously been implicated in neuropathogenesis through its effect on astrocytes. Tat has also been shown to inhibit the biogenesis of ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Sardo L,Vakil PR,Elbezanti W,El-Sayed A,Klase Z

更新日期：2016-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:It has been accepted that HIV buds from the cell surface in T lymphocytes, whereas in macrophages it buds into intracellular endosomes. Recent studies, on the other hand, suggest that HIV preferentially buds from the cell surface even in monocytic cells. However, most studies are based on observations in acu...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Suyama M,Daikoku E,Goto T,Sano K,Morikawa Y

更新日期：2009-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 Nef is a multifunctional protein required for full pathogenicity of the virus. As Nef has no known enzymatic activity, it necessarily functions through protein-protein interaction interfaces. A critical Nef protein interaction interface is centered on its polyproline segment (P69VRPQVPLRP78) which cont...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kuo LS,Baugh LL,Denial SJ,Watkins RL,Liu M,Garcia JV,Foster JL

更新日期：2012-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent findings suggest that mammalian cells can use small non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) to regulate physiological viral infections. Here, we comment on several lines of evidence that support this concept. We discuss how viruses may in turn protect, suppress, evade, modulate, or adapt to the host cell's ncRNA regulatory sch...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Yeung ML,Benkirane M,Jeang KT

更新日期：2007-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mammalian cells harbour RNA quality control and degradative machineries such as nonsense-mediated mRNA decay that target cellular mRNAs for clearance from the cell to avoid aberrant gene expression. The role of the host mRNA decay pathways in macrophages in the context of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Rao S,Amorim R,Niu M,Breton Y,Tremblay MJ,Mouland AJ

更新日期：2019-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:APOBEC3 (A3) proteins restrict viral replication by cytidine deamination of viral DNA genomes and impairing reverse transcription and integration. To escape this restriction, lentiviruses have evolved the viral infectivity factor (Vif), which binds A3 proteins and targets them for proteolytic degradation. In...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Lukic DS,Hotz-Wagenblatt A,Lei J,Räthe AM,Mühle M,Denner J,Münk C,Löchelt M

更新日期：2013-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs play critical role in regulating gene expression. MicroRNA profile of particular cell type bears the signature of cell type specific gene expression. Given that viral pathogens replicate by evading host defenses, research is now focused on the miRNA-regulated genes that critically regulate HIV-1 propagation ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kumar A

更新日期：2007-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:We have obtained the 1.7 A crystal structure of FIV protease (PR) in which 12 critical residues around the active site have been substituted with the structurally equivalent residues of HIV PR (12X FIV PR). The chimeric PR was crystallized in complex with the broad-based inhibitor TL-3, which inhibits wild type FIV an...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Heaslet H,Lin YC,Tam K,Torbett BE,Elder JH,Stout CD

更新日期：2007-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 and all retroviruses are related to retroelements of simpler organisms such as the yeast Ty elements. Recent work has suggested that the yeast retroelement Ty1 replicates via an unexpected RNA lariat intermediate in cDNA synthesis. The putative genomic RNA lariat intermediate is formed by a 2'-5' phosp...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Ye Y,De Leon J,Yokoyama N,Naidu Y,Camerini D

更新日期：2005-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:HTLV-1 was the first described human retrovirus and was soon found to be associated with severe clinical diseases, including a devastating lymphoma/leukemia and other inflammatory diseases. Although HTLV-2 is not usually pathogenic, it is widely distributed among native Indian populations in Brazil, particularly in th...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Ishak R,de Oliveira Guimarães Ishak M,Vallinoto ACR

更新日期：2020-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Attenuation of p53 activity appears to be a major step in Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax transformation. However, p53 genomic mutations are late and rather infrequent events in HTLV-1 induced Adult T cell leukemia (ATL). The paper by Zane et al. shows that a mediator of p53 activity, Wild-type p53-indu...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Gillet N,Carpentier A,Barez PY,Willems L

更新日期：2012-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL) is a chemotherapy-resistant malignancy with a median survival of less than one year that will afflict between one hundred thousand and one million individuals worldwide who are currently infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. Recurrent somatic mutations in hos...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Rauch DA,Olson SL,Harding JC,Sundaramoorthi H,Kim Y,Zhou T,MacLeod AR,Challen G,Ratner L

更新日期：2020-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The widespread use of highly effective, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Despite these advances, the prevalence of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) has been estimated at approximately 40%-50%. In t...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Evering TH,Kamau E,St Bernard L,Farmer CB,Kong XP,Markowitz M

更新日期：2014-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The recently approved anti-AIDS drug rilpivirine (TMC278, Edurant) is a nonnucleoside inhibitor (NNRTI) that binds to reverse transcriptase (RT) and allosterically blocks the chemical step of DNA synthesis. In contrast to earlier NNRTIs, rilpivirine retains potency against well-characterized, clinically rele...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Johnson BC,Pauly GT,Rai G,Patel D,Bauman JD,Baker HL,Das K,Schneider JP,Maloney DJ,Arnold E,Thomas CJ,Hughes SH

更新日期：2012-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditionally, NK cells belong to the innate immune system and eliminate virus-infected cells through their germline-encoded receptors. However, NK cells were recently reported to possess memory-like functions that were predominantly provided by hepatic NK cells. Memory properties were mainly documented in contact hyp...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Littwitz-Salomon E,Nguyen T,Schimmer S,Dittmer U

更新日期：2018-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have reported that various inbred SAM mouse strains differ markedly with regard to a variety of parameters, such as capacity for learning and memory, life spans and brain histopathology. A potential cause of differences seen in these strains may be based on the fact that some strains have a high conce...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kim BH,Meeker HC,Shin HY,Kim JI,Jeong BH,Choi EK,Carp RI,Kim YS

更新日期：2008-11-25 00:00:00