Abstract:
:The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the cause of one of the most economically important diseases affecting swine worldwide. Efforts to develop a next-generation vaccine have largely focused on envelope glycoproteins to target virus-neutralizing antibody responses. However, these approaches have failed to demonstrate the necessary efficacy to progress toward market. T cells are crucial to the control of many viruses through cytolysis and cytokine secretion. Since control of PRRSV infection is not dependent on the development of neutralizing antibodies, it has been proposed that T cell-mediated immunity plays a key role. Therefore, we hypothesized that conserved T cell antigens represent prime candidates for the development a novel PRRS vaccine. Antigens were identified by screening a proteome-wide synthetic peptide library with T cells from cohorts of pigs rendered immune by experimental infections with a closely related (subtype 1) or divergent (subtype 3) PRRSV-1 strain. Dominant T cell IFN-γ responses were directed against the non-structural protein 5 (NSP5), and to a lesser extent, the matrix (M) protein. The majority of NSP5-specific CD8 T cells and M-specific CD4 T cells expressed a putative effector memory phenotype and were polyfunctional as assessed by coexpression of TNF-α and mobilization of the cytotoxic degranulation marker CD107a. Both antigens were generally well conserved among strains of both PRRSV genotypes. Thus, M and NSP5 represent attractive vaccine candidate T cell antigens, which should be evaluated further in the context of PRRSV vaccine development.
journal_name
Front Immunoljournal_title
Frontiers in immunologyauthors
Mokhtar H,Pedrera M,Frossard JP,Biffar L,Hammer SE,Kvisgaard LK,Larsen LE,Stewart GR,Somavarapu S,Steinbach F,Graham SPdoi
10.3389/fimmu.2016.00040subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-02-16 00:00:00pages
40issn
1664-3224journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Degeneration of central cholinergic neurons impairs memory, and enhancement of cholinergic synapses improves cognitive processes. Cholinergic signaling is also anti-inflammatory, and neuroinflammation is increasingly linked to adverse memory, especially in Alzheimer's disease. Much of the evidence surrounding choliner...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01489
更新日期:2017-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::Shiga-toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic-uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is one of the most common causes of acute kidney injury in children. Stx-mediated endothelial injury initiates the cascade leading to thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), still the exact pathogenesis remains elusive. Interestingly, there is...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.547406
更新日期:2020-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::The immunomodulator Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) exerts pleiotropic immunomodulatory activities and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse inflammatory diseases. Expression levels of MIF are also significantly elevated in the skin and serum of psoriasis patients, but the pathogenic signific...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02262
更新日期:2018-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::Cells expressing IDO suppress innate and adaptive immunity to promote tolerance by catabolizing the amino acid tryptophan (Trp) and other indole compounds. Interferon type I (IFN-I) and type II (IFN-II) produced at sites of inflammation or by activated immune cells are potent IDO inducers because mammalian IDO genes c...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01360
更新日期:2017-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potentially curative procedure for many malignant diseases. Donor T cells prevent disease recurrence via graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Donor T cells also contribute to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a debilitating and potentially fatal complication. Nove...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.593863
更新日期:2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Interleukin-9 (IL9) plays a critical role in immunity and the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer (EC), especially endometrioid EC (EEC). This study aimed to identify the IL9+ immune cell subsets and their pleiotropic functions and establish an optimized prognostic nomogram towards the promotion of personaliz...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.544248
更新日期:2020-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::The VH replacement process is a RAG-mediated secondary recombination in which the variable region of a rearranged VHDJH is replaced by a different germline VH gene. In almost all human and mouse VH genes, two sequence features appear to be crucial for VH replacement. First, an embedded heptamer, which is located near ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00392
更新日期:2012-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) is an analog of the tryptophan degrading and immunomodulating enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). Although the role of IDO1 is largely understood, the function of IDO2 is not yet well-elucidated. IDO2 overexpression was documented in some human tumors, but the linkage betw...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00839
更新日期:2020-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective health interventions and, with the exception of water sanitization, no other action has had such a major effect in mortality reduction. Combined with other approaches, such as clean water, better hygiene, and health education, vaccination contributed to prevent millions of...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00641
更新日期:2018-04-09 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01529.]. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.620518
更新日期:2020-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::Monocytes in humans consist of 3 subsets; CD14+CD16- (classical), CD14+CD16+ (intermediate) and CD14dimCD16+ (non-classical), which exhibit distinct and heterogeneous responses to activation. During acute inflammation CD14+CD16- monocytes are significantly elevated and migrate to the sites of injury via the adhesion c...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02054
更新日期:2019-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01137.]. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01539
更新日期:2019-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::The complement system is a major component of the immune system and plays a central role in many protective immune processes, including circulating immune complex processing and clearance, recognition of foreign antigens, modulation of humoral and cellular immunity, removal of apoptotic and dead cells, and engagement ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01057
更新日期:2018-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::The human bone marrow (BM) gives rise to all distinct blood cell lineages, including CD1c+ (cDC2) and CD141+ (cDC1) myeloid dendritic cells (DC) and monocytes. These cell subsets are also present in peripheral blood (PB) and lymphoid tissues. However, the difference between the BM and PB compartment in terms of differ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01619
更新日期:2018-07-16 00:00:00
abstract::Nephritic factors comprise a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies against neoepitopes generated in the C3 and C5 convertases of the complement system, causing its dysregulation. Classification of these autoantibodies can be clustered according to their stabilization of different convertases either from the classical ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00886
更新日期:2019-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a multisystemic disorder, belonging to the small vessel anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, defined as an eosinophil-rich and necrotizing granulomatous inflammation often involving the respiratory tract, and necrotizing vasculitis p...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00549
更新日期:2014-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::Corticosterone (CORT), a critical mediator of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis in rodents, is a stress hormone that is classically viewed as possessing immune-suppressive properties. CORT is now appreciated to also mediate the neuroimmune-priming effect of stress to innate-immune stimulation, and hence serves a...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00003
更新日期:2018-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) play a crucial role in regulating the intestinal immune response during colitis. We previously revealed an essential role of MDSC in promoting TH17 cell polarization, which was found to be arginase-1 (Arg-1)-dependent; however, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Here we r...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00687
更新日期:2020-04-22 00:00:00
abstract::Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are employed as diagnostics and therapeutics following intravenous delivery for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in adult patients with chronic kidney failure. Neutrophils are the first defense against blood borne foreign insult and recruit to vascular si...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.571489
更新日期:2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::For successful bone marrow transplantation (BMT), a preconditioning regime involving chemo and radiotherapy is used that results in DNA damage to both hematopoietic and stromal elements. Following radiation exposure, it is well recognized that a single wave of host-derived thymocytes reconstitutes the irradiated thymu...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01312
更新日期:2018-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Cooperation between the innate and adaptive immune responses is critical for enabling protective immunity against various invading microbes. Distinct types of effector T cells have different functions in adaptive immune responses. Th1 cells play important roles in the control of intracellular bacteria by producing IFN...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00101
更新日期:2012-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease caused by endothelial injury, lipid deposition, and oxidative stress. This progressive disease can be converted into an acute clinical event by plaque rupture and thrombosis. In the context of atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of myocardial infarction and stroke, macropha...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00275
更新日期:2016-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::The intestinal microbiota, composed of a large population of microorganisms, is often considered a "forgotten organ" in human health and diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is closely related to colorectal cancer (CRC). The roles for intestinal microorganisms that initia...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.615056
更新日期:2020-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Aging is a continuous process promoted by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that each trigger a multitude of molecular events. Increasing evidence supports a central role for inflammation in this progression. Here, we discuss how the low-grade chronic inflammation that characterizes aging is tightly interconnected ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01389
更新日期:2017-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::iNKT cells are CD1d-restricted T cells recognizing lipid antigens. The prototypic iNKT cell-agonist α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) alongside compounds with similar structures induces robust proliferation and cytokine production of iNKT cells and protects against cancer in vivo. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that detec...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02355
更新日期:2019-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::Microvesicles (MVs) are membrane particles of 200-500 nm released by all cell types constitutively. MVs of myeloid origin are found increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients suffering from neuroinflammatory disorders, although the factors triggering their production have never been defined. Here, we repor...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00204
更新日期:2018-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological immune-mediated disease leading to disability in young adults. The outcome of the disease is unpredictable, and over time, neurological disabilities accumulate. Interferon beta-1b was the first drug to be approved in the 1990s for relapsing-remitting MS to modula...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01564
更新日期:2019-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immunity and are critical for the induction of protective immune responses against pathogens. Proportions of these cells are markedly decreased in the blood of untreated HIV-1-infected individuals, suggesting they might be in...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01306
更新日期:2019-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::Science can move ahead by questioning established or canonical views and, so it may be with the enzymes, nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Nitric oxide (NO) is generated by NOS isoforms that are often described by their tissue-specific expression patterns. NOS1 (nNOS) is abundant in neural tissue, NOS2 is upregulated in a...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00478
更新日期:2014-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::The intestinal barrier provides the host with a strong defense line against the external environment playing also a pivotal role in the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the immune system. Notably, increasing lines of evidence concerning autoimmune disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) report an imbalance i...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01937
更新日期:2019-08-16 00:00:00