Abstract:
:Deficiencies in DNA repair due to inherited germ-line mutations in DNA repair genes cause increased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. In sporadic GI cancers, mutations in DNA repair genes are relatively rare. However, epigenetic alterations that reduce expression of DNA repair genes are frequent in sporadic GI cancers. These epigenetic reductions are also found in field defects that give rise to cancers. Reduced DNA repair likely allows excessive DNA damages to accumulate in somatic cells. Then either inaccurate translesion synthesis past the un-repaired DNA damages or error-prone DNA repair can cause mutations. Erroneous DNA repair can also cause epigenetic alterations (i.e., epimutations, transmitted through multiple replication cycles). Some of these mutations and epimutations may cause progression to cancer. Thus, deficient or absent DNA repair is likely an important underlying cause of cancer. Whole genome sequencing of GI cancers show that between thousands to hundreds of thousands of mutations occur in these cancers. Epimutations that reduce DNA repair gene expression and occur early in progression to GI cancers are a likely source of this high genomic instability. Cancer cells deficient in DNA repair are more vulnerable than normal cells to inactivation by DNA damaging agents. Thus, some of the most clinically effective chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment are DNA damaging agents, and their effectiveness often depends on deficient DNA repair in cancer cells. Recently, at least 18 DNA repair proteins, each active in one of six DNA repair pathways, were found to be subject to epigenetic reduction of expression in GI cancers. Different DNA repair pathways repair different types of DNA damage. Evaluation of which DNA repair pathway(s) are deficient in particular types of GI cancer and/or particular patients may prove useful in guiding choice of therapeutic agents in cancer therapy.
journal_name
World J Gastrointest Oncoljournal_title
World journal of gastrointestinal oncologyauthors
Bernstein C,Bernstein Hdoi
10.4251/wjgo.v7.i5.30subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-05-15 00:00:00pages
30-46issue
5issn
1948-5204journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Casein kinase I is a group of ubiquitous Serine/Threonine kinases that have been implicated in both normal cellular functions and several pathological conditions including Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Recent findings in colon and pancreatic cancer have brought tremendous attention to these molecules as potential th...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v1.i1.26
更新日期:2009-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors are rare slow-growing tumors with distinct histological, biological, and clinical characteristics that have increased in incidence and prevalence within the last few decades. They contain chromogranin A, synaptophysin and neuron-specific enolase which are necessary for making a d...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v12.i8.791
更新日期:2020-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Gastric metastases from lung adenocarcinoma are rare. Because gastric metastasis grossly resembles advanced gastric cancer, it is difficult to diagnose gastric metastasis especially when the histology of the primary lung cancer is adenocarcinoma. We describe a case of gastric metastasis from primary lung adenocarcinom...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type:
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v7.i3.12
更新日期:2015-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past ten years, sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, has been the standard of care for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and well-preserved liver function. Recently, lenvatinib, a different multikinase inhibitor, was shown to be non-inferior to sorafenib, in terms of survival, while all...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v11.i10.788
更新日期:2019-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Low rectal cancer is traditionally treated by abdominoperineal resection. In recent years, several new techniques for the treatment of very low rectal cancer patients aiming to preserve the gastrointestinal continuity and to improve both the oncological as well as the functional outcomes, have been emerged. Literature...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v7.i7.55
更新日期:2015-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pathological manifestations of hepatic tumours are often associated with prognosis. Although surgical specimens (SS) can provide more information, currently, pre-treatment needle core biopsy (NCB) is increasingly showing important value in understanding the nature of liver tumors and even in diagnosis and tr...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v11.i5.404
更新日期:2019-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Primary non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the esophagus are rare. Tracheoesophageal fistulas mainly arise from solid esophageal carcinoma or mediastinal malignancies. Our patient presented with cough, dysphagia and weight loss, and upon initial computed tomography imaging and esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a malignant mass in the...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type:
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v9.i10.431
更新日期:2017-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Sorafenib is the only food and drug administration (FDA) approved as first line systemic treatment in HCC. Regorafenib and nivolumab are the only FDA approved s...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v10.i5.108
更新日期:2018-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fourth cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment, but most patients present at diagnosis with unresectable or metastatic disease. Moreover, even with an R0 resection, the majority of patients will die of disease recurrence. M...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v7.i12.375
更新日期:2015-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bile duct cancer constitutes gallbladder cancer (GBC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICA), and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECA). These three entities show morphological and immunohistochemical resemblance so that it is difficult to differentiate between primary ICA and liver metastasis of GBC, which ...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type:
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v11.i9.761
更新日期:2019-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::While the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer (GC) have declined due to public health programs, it remains the third deadliest cancer worldwide. For patients with early disease, innovative endoscopic and complex surgical techniques have improved survival. However, for patients with advanced disease, there are li...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v11.i7.509
更新日期:2019-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::A field defect is a field of pre-malignant tissue in which a new cancer is likely to arise. Field defects often appear to be histologically normal under the microscope. Recent research indicates that cells within a field defect characteristically have an increased frequency of epigenetic alterations and these may be f...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v5.i3.43
更新日期:2013-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::In an effort to minimize the limitations of laparoscopy, a robotic surgery system was introduced, but its role for gastric cancer is still unclear. The objective of this article is to assess the current status of robotic surgery for gastric cancer and to predict future prospects. Although the current study was limited...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v3.i10.137
更新日期:2011-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Diarrhea is a common side effect of chemotherapy. Pseudomembranous colitis is a well known complication of antibiotic treatment that can also be observed, albeit rarely, with certain chemotherapeutic agents. We present four cases of severe colitis in patients undergoing treatment with taxane-based chemotherapy for pan...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v2.i10.390
更新日期:2010-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor and extrahepatic metastasis is not rare. The most common organ of HCC metastasis is lung, followed by bone and adrenal gland. To the best of our knowledge, isolated pancreatic metastasis of HCC that developed after curative resection has not been described pre...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v2.i4.209
更新日期:2010-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN), also known as Gruber-Frantz tumor, is a rare form of neoplasm that almost exclusively occurs in the pancreas and in young females. While the potential of malignancy is low for SPN, these tumors can mimic other diseases and require a meticulous investigation and a standard treatmen...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type:
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v9.i12.497
更新日期:2017-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare cancer arising from the biliary tree with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Recent large scale molecular characterisation studies have identified recurrent genetic alterations in CCA which may be amenable to therapeutic targeting. In this review we explore the genomic...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v9.i7.268
更新日期:2017-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Even though during these last decades gastric cancer incidence decreased in Western countries, it remains endemic and with a high incidence in Eastern countries. The survival in advanced and metastatic stage of gastric cancer is still very poor. Rece...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v7.i11.303
更新日期:2015-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) is a rare, idiopathic pseudotumorous lesion of the gastrointestinal tract. While mostly reported as solitary gastric lesions, multiple cases of small bowel IFPs are also reported. It is a documented cause of intussusception in adults. In the case reports of ileal inflammatory fibroid p...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v1.i1.89
更新日期:2009-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been applied worldwide to improve the survival of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). The evaluation of histological regression in primary tumors is valuable for predicting prognosis. However, the prognostic effect of regression change in lymph nodes (LNs) remains unclear...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v11.i1.48
更新日期:2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer among adults. The disease begins as a benign adenomatous polyp, which develops into an advanced adenoma with high-grade dysplasia and then progresses to an invasive cancer. Appropriate apoptotic signaling is fundamentally important to preserve a health...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v8.i8.583
更新日期:2016-08-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Regorafenib is an oral small-molecule multikinase inhibitor approved in third or later line of treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Regorafenib has shown significant benefits in overall survival and progression free survival in two phase III trials compared to placebo in patients ...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v12.i3.301
更新日期:2020-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) arising from the large intrahepatic bile ducts and extrahepatic hilar bile ducts share clinicopathological features and have been called hilar and perihilar CC as a group. However, "hilar and perihilar CC" are also used to refer exclusively to the intrahepatic hilar type CC or, more commonly, t...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v5.i7.159
更新日期:2013-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer has a high tumor incidence and mortality rate worldwide. Despite significant improvements in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy for GI cancer over the last decade, GI cancer is characterized by high recurrence rates and a dismal prognosis. There is an urgent need for new diag...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v12.i1.1
更新日期:2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Most patients treated with curative intent for colorectal cancer (CRC) are included in a follow-up program involving periodic evaluations. The survival benefits of a follow-up program are well delineated, and previous meta-analyses have suggested an overall survival improvement of 5%-10% by intensive follow-up. Howeve...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v6.i5.104
更新日期:2014-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Overexpression of SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1, P62) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of a variety of malignant tumors. AIM:To explore the expression of P62 and NF-κB in pancreatic cancer and their relationship with clinicopathological features. METHODS:The exp...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v12.i7.719
更新日期:2020-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Because of the aging of the population, prevalence of medical checkups, and advances in imaging studies, the number of pancreatic cystic lesions detected has increased. Once these lesions are detected, neoplastic cysts should be differentiated from non-neoplastic cysts. Furthermore, because of the malignant potential ...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v8.i2.159
更新日期:2016-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Biliary tract carcinomas are relatively rare, representing less than 1% of cancers. However, their incidence has increased in Japan and in industrialized countries like the USA. Biliary tract tumors have a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate because they are usually detected late in the course of the disease; the...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v3.i4.49
更新日期:2011-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rectal cancer (RC) is one of the most common diagnosed cancers, and one of the major causes of cancer-related death nowadays. Majority of the current guidelines rely on TNM classification regarding therapy regiments, however recent studies suggest that additional histopathological findings could affect the d...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v12.i5.592
更新日期:2020-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Intussusception is a rare condition in the adult population. However, in contrast to its presentation in children, an identifiable etiology is found in the majority of cases. Clinical manifestations of adult intussusception are non-specific and patients may present with acute, intermittent or chronic symptoms, predomi...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v3.i6.103
更新日期:2011-06-15 00:00:00