Abstract:
:Dendritic spines are micron-sized protrusions that harbor the majority of excitatory synapses in the central nervous system. The head of the spine is connected to the dendritic shaft by a 50-400 nm thin membrane tube, called the spine neck, which has been hypothesized to confine biochemical and electric signals within the spine compartment. Such compartmentalization could minimize interspinal crosstalk and thereby support spine-specific synapse plasticity. However, to what extent compartmentalization is governed by spine morphology, and in particular the diameter of the spine neck, has remained unresolved. Here, we review recent advances in tool development - both experimental and theoretical - that facilitate studying the role of the spine neck in compartmentalization. Special emphasis is given to recent advances in microscopy methods and quantitative modeling applications as we discuss compartmentalization of biochemical signals, membrane receptors and electrical signals in spines. Multidisciplinary approaches should help to answer how dendritic spine architecture affects the cellular and molecular processes required for synapse maintenance and modulation.
journal_name
Front Neuroanatjournal_title
Frontiers in neuroanatomyauthors
Adrian M,Kusters R,Wierenga CJ,Storm C,Hoogenraad CC,Kapitein LCdoi
10.3389/fnana.2014.00142subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-12-04 00:00:00pages
142issn
1662-5129journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::In the olfactory bulb (OB) a sophisticated neuronal network mediates the primary processing of sensory information and extensive investigations over the past decades have greatly improved our understanding of the morphology and neuronal organization of the OB. However, efforts have mostly been focused on the different...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2017.00125
更新日期:2017-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::Biological impacts of light beyond vision, i.e., non-visual functions of light, signify the need to better understand light detection (or photoreception) systems in vertebrates. Photopigments, which comprise light-absorbing chromophores bound to a variety of G-protein coupled receptor opsins, are responsible for visua...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fnana.2016.00048
更新日期:2016-04-27 00:00:00
abstract::The reeler mouse has been widely used to study various aspects of cortico- and synaptogenesis, but also as a model for several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In contrast to development, comparably little is known about the neuronal composition and synaptic organization of the adult reeler mouse neocorte...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2018.00080
更新日期:2018-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::The olfactory bulb (OB) of mammals receives cholinergic afferents from the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB). At present, the synaptic connectivity of the cholinergic axons on the circuits of the OB has only been investigated in the rat. In this report, we analyze the synaptic connectivity of the cho...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2015.00028
更新日期:2015-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::Brain tissue contains autofluorescing elements that potentially impede accurate identification of neurons when visualized with fluorescent microscopy. Age-related accumulation of molecules with autofluorescent properties, such as lipofuscin, can possess spectral profiles that invade the typical emission range of fluor...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2019.00073
更新日期:2019-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::This study was aimed at mapping the organization of the projections from the inferior olive (IO) to the ventral uvula in pigeons. The uvula is part of the vestibulocerebellum (VbC), which is involved in the processing of optic flow resulting from self-motion. As in other areas of the cerebellum, the uvula is organized...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2018.00018
更新日期:2018-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Subsets of GABAergic neurons are able to maintain high frequency discharge patterns, which requires efficient replenishment of the releasable pool of GABA. Although glutamine is considered a preferred precursor of GABA, the identity of transporters involved in glutamine uptake by GABAergic neurons remains elusive. Mol...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/neuro.05.001.2010
更新日期:2010-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::This study presents a tool, Neuronize, for building realistic three-dimensional models of neuronal cells from the morphological information extracted through computer-aided tracing applications. Neuronize consists of a set of methods designed to build 3D neural meshes that approximate the cell membrane at different re...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2013.00015
更新日期:2013-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::The study of the links and interactions between development and motor learning has noticeable implications for the understanding and management of neurodevelopmental disorders. This is particularly relevant for the cerebellum which is critical for sensorimotor learning. The olivocerebellar pathway is a key pathway con...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2012.00001
更新日期:2012-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::Previous developmental studies of the thalamus (alar part of the diencephalic prosomere p2) have defined the molecular basis for the acquisition of the thalamic competence (preparttening), the subsequent formation of the secondary organizer in the zona limitans intrathalamica, and the early specification of two antero...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2015.00107
更新日期:2015-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::The auditory system contains a diverse array of interconnected anatomical structures that mediate the perception of sound. The cochlear nucleus of the hindbrain serves as the initial site of convergence for auditory stimuli, while the inferior colliculus of the midbrain serves as an integration and relay station for a...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2017.00067
更新日期:2017-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects about 1.5% of the global population over 65 years of age. A hallmark feature of PD is the degeneration of the dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the consequent striatal DA deficiency. Yet, the pathogenesis of PD re...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fnana.2014.00155
更新日期:2014-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Why do neurons have dendritic spines? This question-the heart of what Yuste calls "the spine problem"-presupposes that why-questions of this sort have scientific answers: that empirical findings can favor or count against claims about why neurons have spines. Here we show how such questions can receive empirical answe...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2014.00095
更新日期:2014-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian oculomotor nucleus receives a strong γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synaptic input, whereas such projections have rarely been reported in fish. In order to determine whether this synaptic organization is preserved across vertebrates, we investigated the GABAergic projections to the oculomotor nucleus in...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2011.00007
更新日期:2011-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::The radial dimension expands during central nervous system development after the proliferative neuroepithelium is molecularly patterned. The process is associated with neurogenesis, radial glia scaffolding, and migration of immature neurons into the developing mantle stratum. Radial histogenetic units, defined as a de...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2020.590011
更新日期:2020-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::The white matter (WM) of the adult human neocortex contains the so-called "interstitial neurons". They are most numerous in the superficial WM underlying the cortical gyri, and decrease in density toward the deep WM. They are morphologically heterogeneous. A subgroup of interstitial neurons display pyramidal-cell like...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/neuro.05.007.2009
更新日期:2009-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::The white matter of the central nervous system (CNS) is difficult to represent in anatomy because it is located predominantly "between" other anatomical entities. In a classic presentation, like a cross section of a brain segment, white matter is present and can be labeled adequately. Several appearances of the same e...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2018.00102
更新日期:2018-12-13 00:00:00
abstract::Historically, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cerebellar development were investigated through structural descriptions and studying spontaneous mutations in animal models and humans. Advances in experimental embryology, genetic engineering, and neuroimaging techniques render today the possibility to approach ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2013.00018
更新日期:2013-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::Cortical calretinin (CR)-expressing interneurons represent a heterogeneous subpopulation of about 10-30% of GABAergic interneurons, which altogether total ca. 12-20% of all cortical neurons. In the rodent neocortex, CR cells display different somatodendritic morphologies ranging from bipolar to multipolar but the bipo...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fnana.2014.00052
更新日期:2014-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::The development of the mammalian neocortex relies heavily on subplate. The proportion of this cell population varies considerably in different mammalian species. Subplate is almost undetectable in marsupials, forms a thin, but distinct layer in mouse and rat, a larger layer in carnivores and big-brained mammals as pig...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2011.00025
更新日期:2011-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::Imaging entire mouse brains at submicron resolution has historically been a challenging undertaking and largely confined to the province of dedicated atlasing initiatives. This has limited systematic investigations into important areas of neuroscience, such as neural circuits, brain mapping and neurodegeneration. In t...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2016.00031
更新日期:2016-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::Hibernating mammals undergo torpor periods characterized by a general decrease in body temperature, metabolic rate, and brain activity accompanied by complex adaptive brain changes that appear to protect the brain from extreme conditions of hypoxia and low temperatures. These processes are accompanied by morphological...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2019.00092
更新日期:2019-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::In human prefrontal cortex (PFC), ~85% of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-expressing neurons can be subdivided into non-overlapping groups by the presence of calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR) or parvalbumin (PV). Substantial research has focused on the differences in the laminar locations of the cells bodies of these neurons...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2018.00009
更新日期:2018-02-16 00:00:00
abstract::A subset of monoamine neurons releases glutamate as a cotransmitter due to presence of the vesicular glutamate transporters VGLUT2 or VGLUT3. In addition to mediating vesicular loading of glutamate, it has been proposed that VGLUT3 enhances serotonin (5-HT) vesicular loading by the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMA...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2016.00039
更新日期:2016-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::Huntington's Disease (HD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disease caused by an expansion of polyglutamines (CAG). The main clinical manifestations of HD are chorea, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric disorders. The transmission of HD is autosomal dominant with a complete penetrance. HD has a single genetic c...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2011.00055
更新日期:2011-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::The claustrum is a narrow subcortical brain structure that resides between the striatum and insular cortex. The function of the claustrum is not fully described, and while our previous work supports a role for the claustrum in top-down cognitive control of action, other evidence suggests the claustrum may be involved ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2018.00100
更新日期:2018-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments in several species have identified direct projections to the medial geniculate nucleus (MG) from cells in subcollicular auditory nuclei. Moreover, many cochlear nucleus cells that project to the MG send collateral projections to the inferior colliculus (IC) (Schofield et al., 2014). We conducted three expe...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2014.00070
更新日期:2014-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::Gaucher's disease (GD) is the most prevalent lysosomal storage disorder. GD is caused by homozygous mutations of the GBA1 gene, which codes for beta-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Although GD primarily affects peripheral tissues, the presence of neurological symptoms has been reported in several GD subtypes. GBA1 mutatio...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2018.00052
更新日期:2018-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic spines are key components of a variety of microcircuits and they represent the majority of postsynaptic targets of glutamatergic axon terminals in the brain. The present article will focus on the discovery of dendritic spines, which was possible thanks to the application of the Golgi technique to the study o...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fnana.2015.00014
更新日期:2015-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Standard stereotaxic reference systems play a key role in human brain studies. Stereotaxic coordinate systems have also been developed for experimental animals including non-human primates, dogs, and rodents. However, they are lacking for other species being relevant in experimental neuroscience including sheep. Here,...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnana.2015.00069
更新日期:2015-06-04 00:00:00