Abstract:
:The corticospinal system is a major motor pathway in the control of skilled voluntary movements such as reaching and grasping. It has developed considerably phylogenetically to reach a peak in humans. Because rodents possess advanced forelimb movements that can be used for reaching and grasping food, it is commonly considered that the corticospinal tract (CST) is of major importance for this control also in rodents. A close homology to primate reaching and grasping has been described but with obvious limitations as to independent digit movements, which are lacking in rodents. Nevertheless, it was believed that there are, as in the primate, direct cortico-motoneuronal connections. Later, it was shown that there are no such connections. The fastest excitatory pathway is disynaptic, mediated via cortico-reticulospinal neurons and in the spinal cord the excitation is mainly polysynaptically mediated via segmental interneurons. Earlier behavioral studies have aimed at investigating the role of the CST by using pyramidotomy in the brainstem. However, in addition to interrupting the CST, a pyramidal transection abolishes the input to reticulospinal neurons. It is therefore not possible to conclude if the deficits after pyramidotomy result from interruption of the CST or the input to reticulospinal neurons or both. We have re-investigated the role of the CST by examining the effect of a CST lesion in the C1-C2 spinal segments on the success rate of reaching and grasping. This lesion spares the cortico-reticulospinal pathway. In contrast to investigations using pyramidal transections, the present study did not demonstrate marked deficits in reaching and grasping. We propose that the difference in results can be explained by the intact cortical input to reticulospinal neurons in our study and thus implicate an important role of this pathway in the control of reaching and grasping in the rat.
journal_name
Front Neuroljournal_title
Frontiers in neurologyauthors
Alstermark B,Pettersson LGdoi
10.3389/fneur.2014.00103subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-06-20 00:00:00pages
103issn
1664-2295journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cerebral recanalization therapy, either intravenous thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy, improves the outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) by restoring the cerebral perfusion of the ischemic penumbra. Cerebral hemodynamic evaluation after recanalization therapy, can help identify patients with hig...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00719
更新日期:2019-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Wireless transmission of cortical signals is an essential step to improve the safety of epilepsy procedures requiring seizure focus localization and to provide chronic recording of brain activity for Brain Computer Interface (BCI) applications. Our group developed a fully implantable and externally rechargeable device...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2014.00156
更新日期:2014-08-25 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: To investigate the effects of low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) combined with motor imagery (MI) on upper limb motor function during stroke rehabilitation. Background: Hemiplegic upper extremity activity obstacle is a common movement disorder after stroke. Compared with a single inte...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00096
更新日期:2019-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: Cell-based therapy offers new opportunities for the development of novel treatments to promote tissue repair, functional restoration, and cerebral metabolic balance. N-acetylasperate (NAA), Choline (Cho), and Creatine (Cr) are three major metabolites seen on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) that p...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00141
更新日期:2019-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Between seizures, irritative network generates frequent brief synchronous activity, which manifests on the EEG as interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs). Recent insights into the mechanism of IEDs at the microscopic level have demonstrated a high variance in the recruitment of neuronal populations generating IEDs a...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00184
更新日期:2018-03-23 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 2 is an autosomal-recessive disorder caused by mutations in TTC19 gene. TTC19 is involved in the preservation of mitochondrial complex III, which is responsible for transfer of electrons from reduced coenzyme Q to cytochrome C and thus, contributes to the formation of ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00944
更新日期:2019-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and therapy-based virtual reality (VR) have been investigated separately. They have shown promise as efficient and engaging new tools in the neurological rehabilitation of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). However, the recent literature encourages investig...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00953
更新日期:2020-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives: To report two novel DNA2 gene mutations causing early onset myopathy with cardiac involvement and late onset mitochondriopathy with rhabdomyolysis. Methods: We performed detailed clinical, muscle histopathology and molecular studies including mitochondrial gene NGS analysis in two patients (Patient 1 and 2...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01049
更新日期:2019-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: The aims of this study were to compare the characteristics of three motor subtype classifications in patients with de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) and to find the most suitable motor subtype classification for identifying non-motor symptoms (NMSs). Methods: According to previous studies, a total of 256 pat...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.601225
更新日期:2020-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexplained death, usually during sleep, of a baby younger than 1-year-old. Even though researchers have discovered some factors that may put babies at extra risk, SIDS remains unpredictable up until now. One hypothesis is that impaired cardiovascular control may play a role ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2016.00236
更新日期:2016-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) is one of the nine polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases and is caused by a CAG repeat expansion within the coding sequence of the ATXN3 gene. Few multimodal imaging analyses of the macro- and micro-structural changes have been performed. Methods: In...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01025
更新日期:2019-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::This review article provides a general perspective of the experimental and clinical work surrounding the role of type-I, type-II, and type-III interferons (IFNs) in the pathophysiology of brain and spinal cord injury. Since IFNs are themselves well-known therapeutic targets (as well as pharmacological agents), and ant...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00458
更新日期:2018-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology progressively affects multiple central nervous system (CNS) areas. Due to this fact, MS produces a wide array of symptoms. Symptomatic therapy of one MS symptom can cause or worsen other unwanted symptoms (anticholinergics used for bladder dysfunction produce impairment of cognition, ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00152
更新日期:2020-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::Injuries to the immature optic radiation (OR) are associated with thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer and corresponding visual field (VF) defects. The aim of the current study was to seek evidence for causal retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration by exploring the correspondence between the localization and exten...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00321
更新日期:2018-05-07 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:α(2)-adrenoceptors (AR) lower central sympathetic output and peripheral catecholamine release, thereby protecting against sympathetic hyperactivity and hypertension. Norepinephrine re-uptake-transporter effectively (NET) removes norepinephrine from the synapse. Overflow to plasma will therefore not reflect r...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00160
更新日期:2012-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::We present a case of a 43-year-old woman with a history of headaches and blurry vision. Ophthalmologic examination identified papilledema. MR imaging demonstrated a right parietal region mass with patchy areas of contrast enhancement and focal calcifications. Intraoperative examination and exploration revealed an extr...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00700
更新日期:2018-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms involved in traumatic brain injury have yet to be fully characterized. One mechanism that, especially in high-energy trauma, could be of importance is cavitation. Cavitation can be described as a process of vaporization, bubble generation, and bubble implosion as a result of a decrease and subsequent in...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2016.00010
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune encephalitis often causes acute psychiatric symptoms and epileptic seizures. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that depending on the target antigen both symptoms and disease severity may vary. Furthermore, the identification and characterization of antibody subtypes are highly relevant for personal...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00175
更新日期:2019-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Few studies have examined the motor, cognitive, and emotional factors involved in effective money management in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to assess money management in persons MS and examine whether cognitive, motor, and emotional processes can predict money manageme...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01128
更新日期:2019-10-23 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To construct and validate a short scale for the assessment of the severity of visual height intolerance (vHI) and acrophobia. METHODS:The questionnaire was developed from two earlier representative epidemiological studies (n = 5,529). Items were applied in a telephone survey of a representative population-based s...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00211
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intensive glycemic control has not shown consistent findings in stroke prevention for diabetes patients, particularly for those with microvascular complications. This case-control study evaluates the risks of stroke in Asian diabetic population with microvascular complications. From the insurance claims of Taiwan, we ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00719
更新日期:2018-08-29 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:To investigate the correlation between initial response to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and long-term outcomes after 3 years in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Methods:This prospective study included 204 patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy, who were followed-up for at least 36 months. The long-term ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00658
更新日期:2017-12-08 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Stroke can happen to people away from home. It is unknown whether non-resident and resident stroke patients have equal access to thrombolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Consecutive patients cared for by the Stroke Emergency Mobile between 2011 and 2016 after prompting suspicion of acute stroke during the emerge...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00319
更新日期:2017-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Background: The relationship between varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-associated myelitis and aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin-G (AQP4-IgG) remains unknown. Case Report: We report a case of acute radiculomyelitis with longitudinal extensive hyperintensity signals traversing the brainstem until the upper thoracic cord in a 55-ye...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.585303
更新日期:2020-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::Gross motor impairments are common after stroke, but efficient and motivating therapies for these impairments are scarce. We present an innovative musical sonification therapy, especially designed to retrain patients' gross motor functions. Sonification should motivate patients and provide additional sensory input inf...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2016.00106
更新日期:2016-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Cocaine use is associated with the transmission of human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus through risky sexual behavior. In HIV+ individuals, cocaine use is linked with poor health outcomes, including HIV-medication non-adherence and faster disease progression. Both HIV and cocaine dependence are associated with reduced i...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00562
更新日期:2017-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: A number of studies have reported that aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) polymorphisms maybe associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the results of such studies are inconsistent. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the association between ALDH...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00290
更新日期:2019-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Seizures are an infrequent and serious neurological complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with limited data describing the etiology and the clinical context in which these occur or the associated electrographic and imaging findings. This series details four cases of seizures occurring in patients with COVID-19 with di...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.576329
更新日期:2020-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Object: Diabetes is associated with cerebral vascular dysfunction and increased vascular cognitive impairment. The objective of this study was to use arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether cerebral perfusion was changed in newly-diagnosed children with type 1 ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00572
更新日期:2020-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP) is a slowly progressive predominantly sensory axonal polyneuropathy. The prevalence of CIAP increases with age. The pathogenic cause of CIAP is unknown although there are several prevailing etiological hypotheses. In this mini review, we focus on the hypothesis of distur...
journal_title:Frontiers in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00043
更新日期:2018-02-12 00:00:00