Abstract:
:Hyperglycemia impairs insulin secretion as well as insulin action, being recognized as the glucotoxicity that accelerates diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying the glucotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells is not thoroughly understood. Hyperglycemia alters glucose metabolism within β-cells and interstitial conditions around β-cells, including elevated osmolarity and increased concentrations of insulin and ATP released from overstimulated β-cells. In this study, to explore direct effects of these alterations on β-cells, single β-cells isolated from rat islets were cultured for 3 days with high (22.3 mM) glucose (HG), compared with control 5.6 mM glucose, followed by their functional assessment by measuring cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The [Ca2+]i response to a physiological rise in glucose concentration to 8.3 mM was impaired in b-cells following culture with HG for 3 days, while it was preserved in β-cells following culture with non-metabolizable L-glucose and with elevated osmolarity, insulin and ATP. This HG-induced impairment of [Ca2+]i response to 8.3 mM glucose was prevented by adding azaserine, a hexosamine pathway inhibitor, into HG culture. Conversely, culture with glucosamine, which increases the hexosamine pathway flux, impaired [Ca2+]i response to 8.3 mM glucose, mimicking HG. These results suggest that the HG-associated abnormal glucose metabolism through hexosamine pathway, but not elevated osmolarity, insulin and ATP, plays a major role in the glucotoxicity to impair the secretory function of pancreatic β-cells.
journal_name
Aging (Albany NY)journal_title
Agingauthors
Yanagida K,Maejima Y,Santoso P,Otgon-Uul Z,Yang Y,Sakuma K,Shimomura K,Yada Tdoi
10.18632/aging.100647subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-03-01 00:00:00pages
207-14issue
3issn
1945-4589pii
100647journal_volume
6pub_type
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