Unsolved Mysteries in NLR Biology.

abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that show strong cytolytic function against physiologically stressed cells such as tumor cells and virus-infected cells. NK cells show a broad array of tissue distribution and phenotypic variability. NK cells express several activating and inhibitory receptors that rec...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Paul S,Lal G

更新日期：2017-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:We consider the problem of self-tolerance in the frame of a minimalistic model of the idiotypic network. A node of this network represents a population of B-lymphocytes of the same idiotype, which is encoded by a bit string. The links of the network connect nodes with (nearly) complementary strings. The population of ...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Schulz R,Werner B,Behn U

更新日期：2014-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14), one of three proteasome-associated deubiquitinating enzymes, has multifunctional roles in cellular context. Here, we report a novel molecular mechanism and function of USP14 in regulating autophagy induction and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation induced by toll-like rece...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Min Y,Lee S,Kim MJ,Chun E,Lee KY

更新日期：2017-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin 10 is a central regulator of the antigen-presenting function of myeloid cells. It exerts immunomodulatory effects in vivo and induces a regulatory phenotype in monocyte-derived cells in vitro. We analyzed phenotype and function of monocytic cells in vitro in relation to the cytokine milieu and the timing o...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Krakow S,Crescimone ML,Bartels C,Wiegering V,Eyrich M,Schlegel PG,Wölfl M

更新日期：2019-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the major producers of type I and type III interferons (IFNs) that play essential roles in host antiviral immunity. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, noncoding RNAs that can modulate many immune processes. Although molecular regulation of type I IFN production by pDCs has been studied...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Liu F,Liu C,Hu X,Shang Y,Wu L

更新日期：2017-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Memory CD8+ T cells have long been considered a promising population for adoptive cell therapy (ACT) due to their long-term persistence and robust re-stimulatory response. NIH3T3 is an immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line. We report that NIH3T3-conditioned medium (CM) can augment effector functions of CTL...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Qin Y,Lee Y,Seo J,Kim T,Shin JH,Park SH

更新日期：2019-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide, with non-small cell-lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Immune escape has been demonstrated to play a key role in the initiation and progression of NSCLC, although the underlying mechanisms are diverse and their puzzling...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Xie M,Wei J,Xu J

更新日期：2020-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01529.]. ...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Zhou JO,Zaidi HA,Ton T,Fera D

更新日期：2020-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes HLA-DRB1, HLA-DPB1, and HLA-DQB1 with the humoral immune response elicited by inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine (IJEV). Methods: A total of 373 individuals aged 3-12 years in the Inner Mong...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Yao Y,Yang H,Shi L,Liu S,Li C,Chen J,Zhou Z,Sun M,Shi L

更新日期：2019-03-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Migration of human plasmablast to the bone marrow is essential for the final differentiation of plasma cells and maintenance of effective humoral immunity. This migration is controlled by CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated activation of the protein kinase AKT. Herein, we show that the CXCL12-induced migration of human plasmablasts...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Pak HK,Nam B,Lee YK,Kim YW,Roh J,Son J,Chung YS,Choe J,Park CS

更新日期：2018-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Disialoganglioside GD2 is an important target on several pediatric and adult cancer types including neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, melanoma, small-cell lung cancer, brain tumors, sarcomas, and cancer stem cells. We have utilized structural and computational methods to refine the framework of humanized monoclonal antib...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Ahmed M,Hu J,Cheung NK

更新日期：2014-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most recently identified family of the innate immune system and are hypothesized to modulate immune functions prior to the generation of adaptive immune responses. Subsets of ILCs reside in the mucosa and regulate immune responses to external pathogens; however, their role and the ...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Yin S,Yu J,Hu B,Lu C,Liu X,Gao X,Li W,Zhou L,Wang J,Wang D,Lu L,Wang L

更新日期：2018-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：Background:The immune regulatory properties of semaphorin3A (sema3A) (both innate and adaptive) are well established in many in vitro studies. The injection of sema3A into a mice model of rheumatoid arthritis was proven to be highly beneficial, both in attenuating clinical symptoms and in decreasing inflammatory mechan...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Bejar J,Kessler O,Sabag AD,Sabo E,Itzhak OB,Neufeld G,Vadasz Z

更新日期：2018-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells serve an important role in immune system by recognizing and killing the potentially malignant cells without antigen sensitization, and could be promising in cancer therapy. We have designed and fabricated microwell arrays with microchannel connections in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Xu Y,Zhou S,Lam YW,Pang SW

更新日期：2017-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural antibodies are spontaneously produced in the absence of infection or immunization, and are both anti-microbial and autoreactive. Autoreactive natural antibodies can bind noxious molecules, such as those involved in clinical situations of atherosclerosis (oxLDL), malignancy (NGcGM3), and neurodegeneration (amyl...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Rothstein TL

更新日期：2016-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Overwhelming infection causes significant morbidity and mortality among patients treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for primary immune deficiencies, syndromes of bone marrow failure, or cancer. The polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN; neutrophil) is the first responder to microbial invasion and acts within th...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Glenn JW,Cody MJ,McManus MP,Pulsipher MA,Schiffman JD,Yost CC

更新日期：2016-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) exerting graft-versus-leukemia/tumor effect and mediating pathogen-specific immunity. Although NK cells are the first donor-derived lymphocytes reconstituting post-HSCT, their distribution of CD56++CD16...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Huenecke S,Cappel C,Esser R,Pfirrmann V,Salzmann-Manrique E,Betz S,Keitl E,Banisharif-Dehkordi J,Bakhtiar S,Königs C,Jarisch A,Soerensen J,Ullrich E,Klingebiel T,Bader P,Bremm M

更新日期：2017-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Red blood cells (RBCs) have a well-defined lifespan, indicating a mechanism by which senescent cells of a certain age are removed from circulation. However, the specifics by which senescent cells are recognized and removed are poorly understood. There are multiple competing hypotheses for this process, perhaps the mos...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Hudson KE,de Wolski K,Kapp LM,Richards AL,Schniederjan MJ,Zimring JC

更新日期：2017-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00839.]. ...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Mandal A,Das S,Kumar A,Roy S,Verma S,Ghosh AK,Singh R,Abhishek K,Saini S,Sardar AH,Purkait B,Kumar A,Mandal C,Das P

更新日期：2020-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Intact (146S) foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDVs) can dissociate into specific (12S) viral capsid degradation products. FMD vaccines normally consist of inactivated virions. Vaccine quality is dependent on 146S virus particles rather than 12S particles. We earlier isolated two llama single-domain antibody fragments (...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Harmsen MM,Seago J,Perez E,Charleston B,Eblé PL,Dekker A

更新日期：2017-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The diseases caused by African trypanosomes (AT) are of both medical and veterinary importance and have adversely influenced the economic development of sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, so far not a single field applicable vaccine exists, and chemotherapy is the only strategy available to treat the disease. These strictl...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Stijlemans B,Caljon G,Van Den Abbeele J,Van Ginderachter JA,Magez S,De Trez C

更新日期：2016-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne Alphavirus, is endemic in different parts of the globe. The host macrophages are identified as the major cellular reservoirs of CHIKV during infection and this virus triggers robust TNF production in the host macrophages, which might be a key mediator of virus induced inflam...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Nayak TK,Mamidi P,Sahoo SS,Kumar PS,Mahish C,Chatterjee S,Subudhi BB,Chattopadhyay S,Chattopadhyay S

更新日期：2019-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a gamma herpes virus associated with certain malignancies and autoimmune diseases. EBV maintains latency in B cells with occasional reactivation, in part by overcoming the host immune response with viral homologs of several human proteins. EBV interleukin 10 (vIL-10), a lytic phase protein,...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Jog NR,Chakravarty EF,Guthridge JM,James JA

更新日期：2018-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Dyslipidemia is a central component of atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome linked to chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction. Previously, we showed that hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E knock out (apoE-/-) mice exhibit systemic effects including skin inflammation and hypertrophic lymph nodes (LNs). However...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Tay MHD,Lim SYJ,Leong YFI,Thiam CH,Tan KW,Torta FT,Narayanaswamy P,Wenk M,Angeli V

更新日期：2019-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is one of the two main forms of pemphigus and is characterized by circulating IgG to the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 1 (DSG1) and by subcorneal blistering of the skin. The pathomechanism of blister formation in PF is unknown. Previously we have shown that PF IgG induces aggregation of DSG1,...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Oktarina DAM,Sokol E,Kramer D,Jonkman MF,Pas HH

更新日期：2019-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:DT-13(25(R,S)-ruscogenin-1-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)][β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-fucopyranoside) has been identified as an important factor in TNF-α-induced vascular inflammation. However, the effect of DT-13 on TNF-α-induced endothelial permeability and the potential molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Hence, th...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Zhang Y,Han Y,Zhao Y,Lv Y,Hu Y,Tan Y,Bi X,Yu B,Kou J

更新日期：2017-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Leprosy, a disease caused by the intracellular parasite Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis, has affected humans for more than 4,000 years and is a stigmatized disease even now. Since clinical manifestations of leprosy patients present as an immune-related spectrum, leprosy is regarded as an ideal model...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Mi Z,Liu H,Zhang F

更新日期：2020-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombinant proteins are gaining enormous importance these days due to their wide application as biopharmaceutical products and proven safety record. Various recombinant proteins of therapeutic and prophylactic importance have been successfully produced in microbial and higher expression host systems. Since there is n...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Tripathi NK,Shrivastava A

更新日期：2018-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The adaptive immune response begins when CD4+ T cells recognize antigenic peptides bound to class II molecules of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHCII). The interaction between peptides and MHCII has been historically interpreted as a rigid docking event. However, this model has been challenged by the evidence ...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Ferrante A

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is used to treat superficial bladder cancer, either papillary tumors (after transurethral resection) or high-grade flat carcinomas (carcinoma in situ), reducing recurrence in about 70% of patients. Initially, BCG was proposed to work through an inflammatory r...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： García-Cuesta EM,López-Cobo S,Álvarez-Maestro M,Esteso G,Romera-Cárdenas G,Rey M,Cassady-Cain RL,Linares A,Valés-Gómez A,Reyburn HT,Martínez-Piñeiro L,Valés-Gómez M

更新日期：2015-06-08 00:00:00