Limited cross-border infections in patients newly diagnosed with HIV in Europe.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Binding of the viral envelope protein (Env), and particularly of its gp120 subunit, to the cellular CD4 receptor is the first essential step of the HIV-1 entry process. The CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of gp120, and especially a recessed cavity occupied by the CD4 Phe43 residue, are known to be highly conserved ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Grupping K,Selhorst P,Michiels J,Vereecken K,Heyndrickx L,Kessler P,Vanham G,Martin L,Ariën KK

更新日期：2012-05-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Efforts to assess the prevalence of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) in patients with prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome have relied heavily on PCR-based testing of clinical samples and have yielded widely divergent findings. This week in Retrovirology, reports from four independent rese...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Smith RA

更新日期：2010-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies suggest that active selection limits the number of HIV-1 variants acquired by a newly infected individual from the diverse variants circulating in the transmitting partner. We compared HIV-1 envelopes from 9 newly infected subjects and their linked transmitting partner to explore potential m...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Pena-Cruz V,Etemad B,Chatziandreou N,Nyein PH,Stock S,Reynolds SJ,Laeyendecker O,Gray RH,Serwadda D,Lee SJ,Quinn TC,Sagar M

更新日期：2013-12-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage play multiple roles during the infection of primate lentiviruses serving as reservoirs for viral production or as vectors for viral spread to other cells and tissues. The human immunodeficiency type I virus is not only capable of establishing such complex and dynamic relations ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Cimarelli A

更新日期：2010-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) selected under treatment with nucleoside analogues generate two distinct genotypic profiles in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT): (i) TAM1: M41L, L210W and T215Y, and (ii) TAM2: D67N, K70R and K219E/Q, and sometimes T215F. Secondary mutations, including thumb...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Betancor G,Garriga C,Puertas MC,Nevot M,Anta L,Blanco JL,Pérez-Elías MJ,de Mendoza C,Martínez MA,Martinez-Picado J,Menéndez-Arias L,Resistance Platform of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (ResRIS).,Iribarren JA,Caballero E,R

更新日期：2012-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are genetic elements with a retroviral origin that are integrated into vertebrate genomes. In felids (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae), ERVs have been described mostly in the domestic cat, and only rarely in wild species. To gain insight into the origins and evolutionary dynamics ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Mata H,Gongora J,Eizirik E,Alves BM,Soares MA,Ravazzolo AP

更新日期：2015-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In the acute phase of infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), the virus targets activated CD4+ T cells by utilising CD134 (OX40) as a primary attachment receptor and CXCR4 as a co-receptor. The nature of the virus-receptor interaction varies between isolates; strains such as GL8 and CPGammer reco...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Willett BJ,Kraase M,Logan N,McMonagle EL,Samman A,Hosie MJ

更新日期：2010-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We previously demonstrated that primary Th1Th17 cells are highly permissive to HIV-1, whereas Th1 cells are relatively resistant. Molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain unknown. RESULTS:Exposure to replication competent and single-round VSV-G pseudotyped HIV strains provide evidence that s...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Bernier A,Cleret-Buhot A,Zhang Y,Goulet JP,Monteiro P,Gosselin A,DaFonseca S,Wacleche VS,Jenabian MA,Routy JP,Tremblay C,Ancuta P

更新日期：2013-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), the remnants of ancient retroviral infections, constitute approximately 8% of human genomic DNA. Since HERV-K Gag expression is induced by HIV-1 Tat in T cells, induced HERV-K proteins could affect HIV-1 replication. Indeed, previously we showed that HERV-K Gag and HIV-...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Monde K,Terasawa H,Nakano Y,Soheilian F,Nagashima K,Maeda Y,Ono A

更新日期：2017-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Upon HIV entry into target cells, viral cores are released and rearranged into reverse transcription complexes (RTCs), which support reverse transcription and also protect and transport viral cDNA to the site of integration. RTCs are composed of viral and cellular proteins that originate from both target and...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Santos S,Obukhov Y,Nekhai S,Bukrinsky M,Iordanskiy S

更新日期：2012-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We reported previously that while prolonged tenofovir monotherapy of macaques infected with virulent simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) resulted invariably in the emergence of viral mutants with reduced in vitro drug susceptibility and a K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase, some animals controlled virus ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Van Rompay KK,Trott KA,Jayashankar K,Geng Y,LaBranche CC,Johnson JA,Landucci G,Lipscomb J,Tarara RP,Canfield DR,Heneine W,Forthal DN,Montefiori D,Abel K

更新日期：2012-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 budding is directed primarily by two motifs in Gag p6 designated as late domain-1 and -2 that recruit ESCRT machinery by binding Tsg101 and Alix, respectively, and by poorly characterized determinants in the capsid (CA) domain. Here, we report that a conserved Gag p6 residue, S40, impacts budding media...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Watanabe SM,Chen MH,Khan M,Ehrlich L,Kemal KS,Weiser B,Shi B,Chen C,Powell M,Anastos K,Burger H,Carter CA

更新日期：2013-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have reported that various inbred SAM mouse strains differ markedly with regard to a variety of parameters, such as capacity for learning and memory, life spans and brain histopathology. A potential cause of differences seen in these strains may be based on the fact that some strains have a high conce...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kim BH,Meeker HC,Shin HY,Kim JI,Jeong BH,Choi EK,Carp RI,Kim YS

更新日期：2008-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The reliable diagnosis of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is important, particularly as it can be vertically transmitted by breast feeding mothers to their infants. However, current diagnosis in Japan requires a confirmatory western blot (WB) test after screening/primary testing for HTL...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Okuma K,Kuramitsu M,Niwa T,Taniguchi T,Masaki Y,Ueda G,Matsumoto C,Sobata R,Sagara Y,Nakamura H,Satake M,Miura K,Fuchi N,Masuzaki H,Okayama A,Umeki K,Yamano Y,Sato T,Iwanaga M,Uchimaru K,Nakashima M,Utsunomiya A

更新日期：2020-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 integration results in genomic DNA gaps that are repaired by cellular DNA repair pathways. This step of the lentiviral life cycle remains poorly understood despite its crucial importance for successful replication. We and others reported that Ku70 protein of the non-homologous end joining pathway (NHEJ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Knyazhanskaya E,Anisenko A,Shadrina O,Kalinina A,Zatsepin T,Zalevsky A,Mazurov D,Gottikh M

更新日期：2019-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A nef gene is present in all primate lentiviral genomes and is important for high viral loads and progression to AIDS in human or experimental macaque hosts of HIV or SIV, respectively. In these hosts, infection of the thymus results in a decreased output of naive T cells that may contribute to the developme...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Van Nuffel A,Ariën KK,Stove V,Schindler M,O'Neill E,Schmökel J,Van de Walle I,Naessens E,Vanderstraeten H,Van Landeghem K,Taghon T,Pulkkinen K,Saksela K,Garcia JV,Fackler OT,Kirchhoff F,Verhasselt B

更新日期：2013-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated RNA silencing is integral to virtually every cellular process including cell cycle progression and response to virus infection. The interplay between RNA silencing and HIV-1 is multifaceted, and accumulating evidence posits a strike-counterstrike interface that alters the cellular e...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Hayes AM,Qian S,Yu L,Boris-Lawrie K

更新日期：2011-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:This editorial represents a plea to retrovirologists to attend the XVI International Conference on AIDS that will take place in Toronto, Canada between August 13-18, 2006. In short, it is vital that politicians and opinion leaders understand that basic scientists are no less committed to the worldwide battle against H...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Wainberg MA

更新日期：2006-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Certain murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) are capable of inducing progressive spongiform motor neuron disease in susceptible mice upon infection of the central nervous system (CNS). The major CNS parenchymal target of these neurovirulent retroviruses (NVs) are the microglia, whose infection is largely coinciden...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Dimcheff DE,Volkert LG,Li Y,DeLucia AL,Lynch WP

更新日期：2006-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) composed by CDK9/CyclinT1 subunits is a dedicated co-factor of HIV transcriptional transactivator Tat protein. Transcription driven by the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HIV involves formation of a quaternary complex between P-TEFb, Tat and the TAR eleme...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Fraldi A,Varrone F,Napolitano G,Michels AA,Majello B,Bensaude O,Lania L

更新日期：2005-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cellular infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) both in vitro and in vivo requires a member of the chemokine receptor family to act as a co-receptor for viral entry. However, it is presently unclear to what extent the interaction of HIV proteins with chemokine receptors generates intracellular sig...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Grainger DJ,Lever AM

更新日期：2005-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：:An estimated 90% of all HIV transmissions occur mucosally. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) molecules are important components of mucosal fluids. In a vaccine efficacy study, in which virosomes displaying HIV gp41 antigens protected most rhesus monkeys (RMs) against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), protection correla...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Zhou M,Ruprecht RM

更新日期：2014-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The widespread use of highly effective, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Despite these advances, the prevalence of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) has been estimated at approximately 40%-50%. In t...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Evering TH,Kamau E,St Bernard L,Farmer CB,Kong XP,Markowitz M

更新日期：2014-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 Nef is a viral accessory protein critical for AIDS progression. Nef lacks intrinsic catalytic activity and binds multiple host cell signaling proteins, including Hck and other Src-family tyrosine kinases. Nef binding induces constitutive Hck activation that may contribute to HIV pathogenesis by promoti...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Trible RP,Narute P,Emert-Sedlak LA,Alvarado JJ,Atkins K,Thomas L,Kodama T,Yanamala N,Korotchenko V,Day BW,Thomas G,Smithgall TE

更新日期：2013-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The King's College London (KCL) Infectious Diseases BioBank opened in 2007 and collects peripheral venous blood (PVB) from individuals infected with pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). PVBs are fractionated into plasmas, lymphocytes and DNA and are then frozen. All donations are from subjects who h...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Williams R,Mant C,Cason J

更新日期：2009-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well established that CD4(+) T cells play an important role in immunity to infections with retroviruses such as HIV. However, in recent years CD4(+) T cells have been subdivided into several distinct populations that are differentially regulated and perform widely varying functions. Thus, it is important to deli...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Nair S,Bayer W,Ploquin MJ,Kassiotis G,Hasenkrug KJ,Dittmer U

更新日期：2011-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We and others have recently demonstrated that the human retrovirus HTLV-I was producing a spliced antisense transcript, which led to the synthesis of the HBZ protein. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the existence of antisense transcription in HIV-1 and to provide a better characterizati...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Landry S,Halin M,Lefort S,Audet B,Vaquero C,Mesnard JM,Barbeau B

更新日期：2007-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:HTLV-1 was the first described human retrovirus and was soon found to be associated with severe clinical diseases, including a devastating lymphoma/leukemia and other inflammatory diseases. Although HTLV-2 is not usually pathogenic, it is widely distributed among native Indian populations in Brazil, particularly in th...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Ishak R,de Oliveira Guimarães Ishak M,Vallinoto ACR

更新日期：2020-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Crocodilians are thought to be hosts to a diverse and divergent complement of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) but a comprehensive investigation is yet to be performed. The recent sequencing of three crocodilian genomes provides an opportunity for a more detailed and accurate representation of the ERV diversit...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Chong AY,Kojima KK,Jurka J,Ray DA,Smit AF,Isberg SR,Gongora J

更新日期：2014-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Members of the APOBEC family of cellular cytidine deaminases represent a recently identified group of proteins that provide immunity to infection by retroviruses and protect the cell from endogenous mobile retroelements. Yet, HIV-1 is largely immune to the intrinsic antiviral effects of APOBEC proteins because it enco...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Goila-Gaur R,Strebel K

更新日期：2008-06-24 00:00:00