Abstract:
:Incarceration affects the lives of many African American men and often leads to poverty, ill health, violence, and a decreased quality of life. There has been an unprecedented increase in incarceration among African American males since 1970. In 2009, the incarceration rate among black males was 6.7 times that of white males and 2.6 times of Hispanic males. Substance abuse in African American males leads to higher mortality rates, high rates of alcohol-related problems, more likely to be victims of crimes, and HIV/AIDS. African Americans comprised only 14% of the U.S. population but comprised 38% of the jail population. The cost of incarcerating persons involved in substance related crimes has increased considerably over the past two decades in the U.S. A reduction in the incarceration rate for non-violent offences would save an estimated $17 billion per year. Substance use disorder makes the individual more prone to polysubstance use and leads to impulse control problems, selling drugs, and other crimes. The high rate of incarceration in U.S. may adversely affect health care, the economy of the country, and will become a burden on society. Implementation of good mental health care, treatment of addiction during and after incarceration will help to decrease the chances of reoffending. Therapeutic community programs with prison-based and specialized treatment facilities, cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for 91-180 days, and 12-step orientation with staff specialized in substance abuse can be helpful. It is essential for health care professionals to increase public awareness of substance abuse and find ways to decrease the high rates of incarceration.
journal_name
Front Psychiatryjournal_title
Frontiers in psychiatryauthors
Mukku VK,Benson TG,Alam F,Richie WD,Bailey RKdoi
10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00098subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-11-12 00:00:00pages
98issn
1664-0640journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The progress of developing effective interventions against psychiatric disorders has been limited due to a lack of understanding of the underlying cellular and functional mechanisms. Recent research findings focused on exploring novel causes of psychiatric disorders have highlighted the importance of the axonal initia...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00109
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00881
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abstract::Introduction: Vitamin D inadequacy or deficiency (VDID) has been reported in a high percentage of otherwise healthy individuals. Factors that may contribute to the high prevalence of VDID in people with mental disorders include diet low in vitamin D, poor sunlight exposure, decrease in cutaneous vitamin D synthesis, i...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00167
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abstract:INTRODUCTION:Multivariate machine learning methods can be used to classify groups of schizophrenia patients and controls using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, machine learning methods to date have not been extended beyond classification and contemporaneously applied in a meaningful way to clinical...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00053
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with distributed network disruption, but little is known on how different clinical subtypes, particularly those with an earlier and later onset of disease, are related to connectivity changes in white matter (WM) tracts. Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and ...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00480
更新日期:2018-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is a potential alternative to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), but there is currently a lack of reports about MST in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Our objective was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of add-on MST in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Eigh...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
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doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00224
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abstract:Background:There have been numerous studies investigating the relationship between nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality. On the one side, NSSI is an important risk factor for suicidality, including suicidal thoughts and behaviors. On the other side, it has been suggested that one function of NSSI might be as ...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00221
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abstract::Globally, 52.9 million children under the age of 5 experience a developmental disability, such as sensory impairment, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorders. Of these 95% live in low-and-middle-income countries. Most of these children lack access to care. In light of the growing evidence that caregiver...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00769
更新日期:2019-11-11 00:00:00
abstract::Background: The impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable groups like patients suffering from substance use disorders is expected to be tremendous, and corresponding concerns were raised early on by many experts around the world. Psychosocial distress, financial insecurities and physiological problems asso...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.620612
更新日期:2020-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::The issues that confront families when a parent experiences mental illness are complex. This often means that multiple service systems must be engaged to meet families' needs, including those related to intergenerational experiences of mental health and illness. A multisystem approach to public mental health care is w...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00310
更新日期:2019-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors like sertraline have been shown in observational studies and anecdotal reports to improve language development in young children with fragile X syndrome (FXS). A previous controlled trial of sertraline in young children with FXS found significant improvement in expres...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00810
更新日期:2019-11-06 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Patients with schizophrenia and individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) have been reported to exhibit impaired recognition of facial emotion expressions. This impairment has involved both inaccuracy and negative bias of facial emotion recognition. The present study aimed to investigate whether UHR...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00577
更新日期:2020-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::Psychological stress is recognized as a major modifiable risk factor for adult non-communicable disease (NCD) that includes depression, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity resulting in either exaggerated or blunted cortisol responses...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00795
更新日期:2019-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Hospital midwives and neonatal intensive care (NICU) nurses frequently encounter work-related stressors and are therefore vulnerable to developing mental health problems, such as secondary traumatic stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression. However, so far, the exact nature of these work-related stressors (traumatic v...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00364
更新日期:2018-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Several studies have shown a positive association between anxiety and obesity, particularly in women. We aimed to study whether sex hormone alterations related to obesity might play a role in this association. Patients and methods: Data for this study were obtained from a population-based cohort study (the...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00479
更新日期:2019-07-04 00:00:00
abstract::With the opioid crisis in North America, opioid addiction has come in the spotlight and reveals the weakness of the current treatments. Two main opioid substitution therapies (OST) exist: buprenorphine and methadone. These two molecules are mu opioid receptor agonists but with different pharmacodynamic and pharmacokin...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00742
更新日期:2019-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Background: The burden of mental, neurological, and substance (MNS) disorders is greater in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The rapid growth of digital health (i.e., eHealth) approaches offer new solutions for transforming pediatric mental health services and have the potential to address multiple resource a...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00806
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abstract::Background: Recently, many case-control studies have reported the association between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and autism risk. However, the results are inconclusive and conflicting. To investigate the genetic association of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and autism risk, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis based on previo...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00051
更新日期:2019-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::Burnout syndrome is a state of total exhaustion related to work conditions and stress from work. Recent findings suggest that logotherapy and the concepts of existential meaning and life fulfilment could provide a useful framework for explaining and potentially preventing burnout. This review article summarizes and re...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00382
更新日期:2019-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::Research has demonstrated the short- and long-term impacts of maternal mental health and well-being on children's emotional and behavioral outcomes. It is thus important to better understand the antecedents of maternal depression and stress. The aim of this study was to determine whether the contribution of perceived ...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.578682
更新日期:2020-11-02 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:There is increasing interest in the utility of gamma-band activity for assessing various brain functions, including perception, language, memory, and cognition. The auditory steady-state response (ASSR) involves neural activity in the brain elicited by trains of a click sound, and its maximum response is obta...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00876
更新日期:2020-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::Converging lines of evidence indicates that smoking and internet gaming disorder (IGD) affect spontaneous brain activity, respectively. However, little is known about whether these two factors work together on the human brain. In this study, we investigated the interaction between smoking and IGD on local spontaneous ...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.586114
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abstract::This hypothesis and theory paper presents a pragmatic framework to help bridge the clinical presentation and neuroscience of intrusive memories following psychological trauma. Intrusive memories are a hallmark symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, key questions, including those involving etiology,...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00104
更新日期:2015-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::Background: There is a trade-off between drug-related impulsive process and cognitive reflective process among ex-drug abusers. The present study aimed to investigate the impulsive effects of methamphetamine-related stimuli on working memory (WM) performance by manipulating WM load in abstinent ex-methamphetamine user...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00776
更新日期:2019-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::What is the role and value of pleasure in addiction? Foddy and Savulescu (1) have claimed that substance use is just pleasure-oriented behavior. They describe addiction as "strong appetites toward pleasure" and argue that addicts suffer in significant part because of strong social and moral disapproval of lives domina...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00117
更新日期:2013-09-25 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Epidemiologic evidence highlights the harmful consequences of unemployment on health and well-being. This emphasizes the need to design low-cost interventions to prevent the adverse mental health effects of unemployment. The main aim of this study was to create expert-consensus regarding development and impl...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00013
更新日期:2018-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::Aim: With the introduction of "Electronic Medical Record" (EMR) a wealth of digital data has become available. This provides a unique opportunity for exploring precedents for seclusion. This study explored the feasibility of text mining analysis in the EMR to eventually help reduce the use of seclusion in psychiatry. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00188
更新日期:2019-04-11 00:00:00