Abstract:
:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are recognition molecules for multiple pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. TLR2 forms heterodimers with TLR1 and TLR6, which is the initial step in a cascade of events leading to significant innate immune responses, development of adaptive immunity to pathogens and protection from immune sequelae related to infection with these pathogens. This review will discuss the current status of TLR2 mediated immune responses by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) on these organisms. We will emphasize both canonical and non-canonical responses to TLR2 ligands with emphasis on whether the inflammation induced by these responses contributes to the disease state or to protection from diseases.
journal_name
Front Immunoljournal_title
Frontiers in immunologyauthors
Oliveira-Nascimento L,Massari P,Wetzler LMdoi
10.3389/fimmu.2012.00079subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-04-18 00:00:00pages
79issn
1664-3224journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Single trauma injuries or isolated fractures are often manageable and generally heal without complications. In contrast, high-energy trauma results in multi/poly-trauma injury patterns presenting imbalanced pro- and anti- inflammatory responses often leading to immune dysfunction. These injuries often exhibit delayed ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01056
更新日期:2020-06-04 00:00:00
abstract::Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi infection) is increasingly recognized as a significant source of morbidity worldwide. Here, we show that blood plasmablasts and CD27- memory B cells are elevated in untreated Lyme disease, with higher plasmablast levels associated with more rapid resolution of clinical symptoms. Stro...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01634
更新日期:2018-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::pH is highly variable in different tissues and affects many enzymatic reactions in neutrophils. In response to calcium ionophores such as A23187 and ionomycin, neutrophils undergo nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)-independent neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation (NETosis). However, how...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01849
更新日期:2018-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::DiGeorge syndrome is an immunodeficiency characterized by thymic dysplasia resulting in T cell lymphopenia. Most patients suffer from increased susceptibility to infections and heightened prevalence of autoimmune disorders, such as autoimmune thrombocytopenia. B cells in DiGeorge syndrome show impaired maturation, wit...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01730
更新日期:2018-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::Despite its excellent efficacy in controlling T cell mediated acute rejection, lymphocyte depletion may promote a humoral response. While T cell repopulation after depletion has been evaluated in many aspects, the B cell response has not been fully elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that the mechanisms also involve ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02323
更新日期:2018-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors (TNFis) have revolutionized the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however despite considerable progress, only a small proportion of patients maintain long-term clinical response. Selection of, and switching between, biologics is mainly empirical, experiential, and not evidence...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00589
更新日期:2020-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::Coal is one of the most abundant and economic sources for global energy production. However, the burning of coal is widely recognized as a significant contributor to atmospheric particulate matter linked to deleterious respiratory impacts. Recently, we have discovered that burning coal generates large quantities of ot...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02714
更新日期:2019-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Immune Dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) Syndrome is a rare recessive disorder caused by mutations in the FOXP3 gene. In addition, there has been an increasing number of patients with wild-type FOXP3 gene and, in some cases, mutations in other immune regulatory genes. Objectiv...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02411
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The autoimmune regulator (Aire)-directed ectopic expression of tissue-specific antigens (TSAs) by mature medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) has been viewed as an essential mechanism in the induction of central tolerance. Recent data suggest that the survival of mTECs extends beyond the Aire+ cell population to ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00019
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Liver fibrosis is a wound healing response initiated by inflammation responding for different iterative parenchymal damages caused by diverse etiologies. Immune cells, which exert their ability of either inducing injury or promoting repair, have been regarded as crucial participants in the fibrogenic response. A chara...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01450
更新日期:2017-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::Granulocytes, the most abundant types of leukocytes, are the first line of defense against pathogen invasion. However, the plasticity and diversity of granulocytes have been increasingly revealed, especially with regard to their versatile functions in orchestrating adaptive immune responses. A substantial body of rece...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01781
更新日期:2017-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::The immune system plays a significant role in controlling systemic metabolism. Innate-like T (ILT) cells in particular, such as mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and γδ T cell receptor expressing cells, have been reported to promote metabolic homeostasis. However, the...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00448
更新日期:2020-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapeutics are the fastest growing class of human pharmaceuticals. They are typically IgG1 molecules with N-glycans attached to the N297 residue on crystallizable fragment (Fc). Different Fc glycoforms impact their effector function, pharmacokinetics, stability, aggregation, safety, a...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01554
更新日期:2017-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::Virus infected immune cells can rapidly respond to the invader by activating the inflammasome and as a consequence release proinflammatory cytokines and eventually die by pyroptosis. In human adenovirus-5 (Ad5) infected THP-1 cells, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation was demonstrated by a decreased secretion ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02791
更新日期:2019-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article on p. 1376 in vol. 8, PMID: 29104576.]. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01735
更新日期:2017-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::Blood-feeding enriched gut-microbiota boosts mosquitoes' anti-Plasmodium immunity. Here, we ask how Plasmodium vivax alters gut-microbiota, anti-Plasmodial immunity, and impacts tripartite Plasmodium-mosquito-microbiota interactions in the gut lumen. We used a metagenomics and RNAseq strategy to address these question...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00609
更新日期:2020-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment with the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) is an important intervention for controlling infection of children with Bordetella pertussis and as a prophylaxis for preventing transmission to family members. However, antibiotics are known to have immunomodulatory effects independent of their antimicrobial ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01764
更新日期:2018-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::Normal function of the adaptive immune system requires trafficking of T cells between the blood and lymphoid organs. Lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes requires that they cross endothelial barriers present in blood vessels and lymphatics. This multi-step process requires a remodeling of the lymphocyte plasma membrane, w...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00370
更新日期:2019-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy comprises a heterogeneous group of cellular pathways that enables eukaryotic cells to deliver cytoplasmic constituents for lysosomal degradation, to recycle nutrients, and to survive during starvation. In addition to these primordial functions, autophagy has emerged as a key mechanism in orchestrating innate...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00165
更新日期:2017-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction due to dysregulated response to infection. Patients with sepsis exhibit wide heterogeneity stemming from genetic, molecular, and clinical factors as well as differences in pathogens, creating challenges for the development of effective treatments. Several gaps in knowledge ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01502
更新日期:2018-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article on p. 299 in vol. 6, PMID: 26150816.]. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00143
更新日期:2016-04-28 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00066
更新日期:2015-02-24 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00773
更新日期:2017-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza virus infection causes 3-5 million cases of severe illness and 250,000-500,000 deaths worldwide annually. Although pneumonia is the most common complication associated with influenza, there are several reports demonstrating increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Several clinical case reports, as well as...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.570681
更新日期:2020-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestine. The prevalence in the United States is greater than 200 cases per 100,000, with the total number of IBD patients between 1 and 1.5 million. CD may affect all parts of ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00107
更新日期:2012-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus. The high-risk HPV types (i.e., HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59) are considered to be the main etiological agents of genital tract cancers, such as cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and anal cancers, and of a subset of head and...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00188
更新日期:2020-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::Keloids are disfiguring, fibroproliferative growths and their pathogenesis remains unclear, inhibiting therapeutic development. Available treatment options have limited efficacy and harbor safety concerns. Thus, there is a great need to clarify keloid pathomechanisms that may lead to novel treatments. In this study, w...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.597741
更新日期:2020-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::Developing lymphocytes express the recombination activating genes (RAGs) 1 and 2 products that form a site specific recombinase complex (RAG), introducing double strand DNA breaks (DSBs) at recombination signal sequences (RSSs) flanking the V, D, and J gene segments in the antigen receptor loci. The subsequent steps i...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01525
更新日期:2017-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::A body of evidence suggests that food allergy (FA) has increased in prevalence over the past few decades. Novel findings support the hypothesis that some commensal bacteria and particularly microbial metabolites might contribute to development of oral tolerance and prevention from FA. Recently, beneficial effects of s...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01225
更新日期:2020-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::Myeloid cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Monocytes, macrophages, and microglia can adopt two distinct phenotypes, with M1-polarized cells being more related to inflammation and autoimmunity while M2-polariz...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01319
更新日期:2017-10-13 00:00:00