Abstract:
:Since the discovery of grid cells in rat entorhinal cortex, many models of their hexagonally arrayed spatial firing fields have been suggested. We review the models and organize them according to the mechanisms they use to encode position, update the positional code, read it out in the spatial grid pattern, and learn any patterned synaptic connections needed. We mention biological implementations of the models, but focus on the models on Marr's algorithmic level, where they are not things to individually prove or disprove, but rather are a valuable collection of metaphors of the grid cell system for guiding research that are all likely true to some degree, with each simply emphasizing different aspects of the system. For the convenience of interested researchers, MATLAB implementations of the discussed grid cell models are provided at ModelDB accession 144006 or http://people.bu.edu/zilli/gridmodels.html.
journal_name
Front Neural Circuitsjournal_title
Frontiers in neural circuitsauthors
Zilli EAdoi
10.3389/fncir.2012.00016subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-04-18 00:00:00pages
16issn
1662-5110journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The central vocal pathway of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, is a powerful vertebrate model to understand mechanisms underlying central pattern generation. However, fast and efficient methods of introducing exogenous genes into the neurons of adult X. laevis are currently not available. Here, we systematicall...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2018.00092
更新日期:2018-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::mRNP granules at adult central synapses are postulated to regulate local mRNA translation and synapse plasticity. However, they are very poorly characterized in vivo. Here, in Drosophila olfactory synapses, we present early observations and characterization of candidate synaptic mRNP particles, one of which contains a...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2010.00121
更新日期:2010-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::Complex spatial representations in the hippocampal formation and related cortical areas require input from the head direction system. However, a recurrent finding is that behavior apparently supported by these spatial representations does not appear to require input from generative head direction regions, i.e., latera...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2019.00060
更新日期:2019-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::A fluorescent voltage sensor protein "Flare" was created from a Kv1.4 potassium channel with YFP situated to report voltage-induced conformational changes in vivo. The RNA virus Sindbis introduced Flare into neurons in the binocular region of visual cortex in rat. Injection sites were selected based on intrinsic optic...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2012.00015
更新日期:2012-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::Water-homeostasis is a fundamental physiological process for terrestrial life. In vertebrates, thirst drives water intake, but the neuronal circuits that connect the physiology of water regulation with emotional context are poorly understood. Vasopressin (VP) is a prominent messenger in this circuit, as well as L-glut...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2016.00013
更新日期:2016-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::The integration of the visual stimulus takes place at the level of the neocortex, organized in anatomically distinct and functionally unique areas. Primates, including humans, are heavily dependent on vision, with approximately 50% of their neocortical surface dedicated to visual processing and possess many more visua...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncir.2014.00079
更新日期:2014-07-04 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00028.]. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.3389/fncir.2018.00080
更新日期:2018-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Cortical sensory systems are active with rich patterns of activity during sleep and under light anesthesia. Remarkably, this activity shares many characteristics with those present when the awake brain responds to sensory stimuli. We review two specific forms of such activity: slow-wave activity (SWA) in the adult bra...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncir.2016.00103
更新日期:2016-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of sensory neuroscience is to understand how the brain creates its myriad of representations of the world, and uses these representations to produce perception and behavior. Circuits of neurons in spatially segregated regions of brain tissue have distinct functional specializations, and these regions are conn...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2018.00115
更新日期:2019-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter that is known to be synthesized and released from GABAergic neurons in the brain. However, recent studies have shown that not only neurons but also astrocytes contain a considerable amount of GABA that can be released and activate GABA receptors ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncir.2014.00141
更新日期:2014-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we explore the functional role of striatal cholinergic interneurons, hereinafter referred to as tonically active neurons (TANs), via computational modeling; specifically, we investigate the mechanistic relationship between TAN activity and dopamine variations and how changes in this relationship affect ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2019.00010
更新日期:2019-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::The firing rates of neurons in primate motor cortex have been related to multiple parameters of voluntary movement. This finding has been corroborated by stimulation-based studies that have mapped complex movements in rodent and primate motor cortex. However, it has been difficult to link the movement tuning of a neur...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2012.00127
更新日期:2013-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Research efforts over the past decades have unraveled both genetic and environmental factors, which contribute to the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It is, to date, largely unknown how different underlying causes result in a common phenotype. However, the individual course of development and the diffe...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2019.00006
更新日期:2019-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Acetylcholine and the activation of muscarinic receptors influence the activity of neural networks generating locomotor behavior in the mammalian spinal cord. Using electrical stimulations of the ventral commissure, we show that commissural muscarinic (CM) depolarizations could be induced in lumbar motoneurons. We pro...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2011.00015
更新日期:2011-11-04 00:00:00
abstract::Open-source software development has skyrocketed in part due to community tools like github.com, which allows publication of code as well as the ability to create branches and push accepted modifications back to the original repository. As the number and size of EM-based datasets increases, the connectomics community ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2019.00005
更新日期:2019-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::How complex natural sounds are represented by the main converging center of the auditory midbrain, the central inferior colliculus, is an open question. We applied neural discrimination to determine the variation of detailed encoding of individual vocalizations across the best frequency gradient of the central inferio...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2015.00091
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic labeling of neurons with a specific response feature is an emerging technology for precise dissection of brain circuits that are functionally heterogeneous at the single-cell level. While immediate early gene mapping has been widely used for decades to identify brain regions which are activated by external sti...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncir.2014.00037
更新日期:2014-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::In the past decade, much has been elucidated regarding the functional organization of the axonal connection of olfactory sensory neurons to olfactory bulb (OB) glomeruli. However, the manner in which projection neurons of the OB process odorant input and send this information to higher brain centers remains unclear. H...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2010.00120
更新日期:2010-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::The most typical and well known inhibitory action in the cortical microcircuit is a strong inhibition on the target neuron by axo-somatic synapses. However, it has become clear that synaptic inhibition in the cortex is much more diverse and complicated. Firstly, at least ten or more inhibitory non-pyramidal cell subty...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncir.2016.00027
更新日期:2016-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::The perirhinal (PER) and entorhinal cortex (EC) receive input from the agranular insular cortex (AiP) and the subcortical lateral amygdala (LA) and the main output area is the hippocampus. Information transfer through the PER/EC network however, is not always guaranteed. It is hypothesized that this network actively r...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2016.00044
更新日期:2016-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::Methods of functional connectivity are applied ubiquitously in studies involving non-invasive whole-brain signals, but may be not optimal for exploring the propagation of the steady-state responses, which are strong oscillatory patterns of neurodynamics evoked by periodic stimulation. In our study, we explore a functi...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2018.00118
更新日期:2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Complex motor behaviors are thought to be coordinated by networks of brain nuclei that may control different elementary motor programs. Transparent zebrafish larvae offer the opportunity to analyze the functional organization of motor control networks by optical manipulations of neuronal activity during behavior. We e...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2013.00067
更新日期:2013-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an ideal organism for studying neural plasticity and animal behaviors. A total of 302 neurons of a C. elegans hermaphrodite have been classified into 118 neuronal groups. This simple neural circuit provides a solid basis for understanding the mechanisms of the brains of higher an...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncir.2013.00187
更新日期:2013-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::We investigate the importance of the degree of peripheral or central target differentiation for mouse auditory afferent navigation to the organ of Corti and auditory nuclei in three different mouse models: first, a mouse in which the differentiation of hair cells, but not central auditory nuclei neurons is compromised...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2017.00025
更新日期:2017-04-13 00:00:00
abstract::Both abnormalities of resting-state cerebral blood flow (CBF) and functional connectivity in Wilson's disease (WD) have been identified by several studies. Whether the coupling of CBF and functional connectivity is imbalanced in WD remains largely unknown. To assess this possibility, 27 patients with WD and 27 sex- an...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2019.00025
更新日期:2019-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::Parental migration has caused millions of children left behind, especially in China and India. Left-behind children (LBC) have a high risk of mental disorders and may present negative life outcomes in the future. However, little is known whether there are cerebral structural alterations in LBC in relative to those wit...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2019.00033
更新日期:2019-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::Optogenetic stimulation of the mouse cortex can be used to generate motor maps that are similar to maps derived from electrode-based stimulation. Here we present a refined set of procedures for repeated light-based motor mapping in ChR2-expressing mice implanted with a bilateral thinned-skull chronic window and a chro...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2013.00123
更新日期:2013-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::One of the large remaining challenges in the field of zebrafish neuroscience is the establishment of techniques and preparations that permit the recording and perturbation of neural activity in animals that can interact meaningfully with the environment. Since it is very difficult to do this in freely behaving zebrafi...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2012.00125
更新日期:2013-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::MRI has been extensively used in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontal-temporal dementia (FTD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). MRI is important for monitoring the neurodegenerative components...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncir.2018.00114
更新日期:2019-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Homeostatic regulation of REM sleep drive, as measured by an increase in the number of REM sleep transitions, plays a key role in neuronal and behavioral plasticity (i.e., learning and memory). Deficits in REM sleep homeostatic drive (RSHD) are implicated in the development of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Yet, the...
journal_title:Frontiers in neural circuits
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncir.2017.00063
更新日期:2017-09-14 00:00:00