Oestrogen and progestogen hormone replacement therapy for peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women: weight and body fat distribution.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is commonly prescribed to treat menopausal symptoms and to prevent post-menopausal bone loss. However, many women are concerned about hormonal replacement therapy because they believe that such treatment will result in weight gain. The effect of HRT on weight and body fat distribution has not yet been examined in systematic reviews. It is an important topic since many women decline oestrogen therapy due to their concerns about resultant weight gain, and thus forego its potential therapeutic benefits. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect of unopposed oestrogen or combined oestrogen and progestogen hormone replacement therapy (HRT) upon the weight and body fat distribution of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. SEARCH STRATEGY:The search strategy of the Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group was used for the identification of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Computerised searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Current Contents, Biological Abstracts and CINAHL were performed. Attempts were made to identify trials from citation lists of review articles and relevant papers already obtained. In most cases, first authors of each eligible trial were contacted for additional information. All those trials that had been located as at August 1998 were examined for eligibility. SELECTION CRITERIA:All randomised, placebo or no treatment controlled trials that detailed the effect of HRT on weight or body fat distribution, including studies where HRT was combined with other therapy such as diet, supplements or exercise. Studies were eligible for consideration even though the main focus of the trial may have been on another aspect of HRT. Previous HRT use should have ceased at least one month (in the case of patches, cream or gel) or three months (for oral preparations or subcutaneous pellets) before commencement of the study. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:Twenty two RCTs were identified that fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this review. The results of one trial were not available in a form that allowed it to be included in the meta-analysis; however, it has been included in the text of the review for discussion. Twenty four RCTs are awaiting assessment pending additional information from first authors. Two reviewers extracted the data independently, and the weighted mean differences for continuous outcomes were estimated from the data. Results for unopposed oestrogen and combined oestrogen were analysed separately, and the effect of each treatment regimen on body weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio, fat mass and skinfold measurement was examined where available. The effect of differing dosage levels on these parameters was also examined. MAIN RESULTS:Outcomes were evaluated separately for unopposed oestrogen and oestrogen/progestogen regimens. Statistical analysis was performed using the weighted mean difference for continuous outcomes as recommended by the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group. No statistically significant difference was found in mean weight gain between those using unopposed oestrogen and non-HRT users (0.66 kg, 95% CI -0.62, 1.93). No significant difference was found in mean weight gain between those using oestrogen/progestogen therapy and non-HRT users (-0.47 kg, 95% CI -1.63, 0.69). Insufficient data exist to enable meta-analysis of the effect of unopposed oestrogen on BMI. The reviewers found no statistically significant difference in mean BMI increase between those using oestrogen/progestogen and non-HRT users (-0.50, 95% CI -1.06, 0.06). Insufficient data exist to enable meta-analysis of the effect of HRT on waist-hip ratio, fat mass or skinfold thickness. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS:There is evidence of no effect of unopposed oestrogen or combined oestrogen on body weight, indicating that these regimens do not cause extra weight gain in addition to that normally gained at menopause. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)

authors

Norman RJ,Flight IH,Rees MC

doi

10.1002/14651858.CD001018

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2000-01-01 00:00:00

pages

CD001018

issue

2

issn

1469-493X

pii

CD001018

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Antioxidants for female subfertility.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:A couple may be considered to have fertility problems if they have been trying to conceive for over a year with no success. This may affect up to a quarter of all couples planning a child. It is estimated that for 40% to 50% of couples, subfertility may result from factors affecting women. Antioxidants are t...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007807.pub3

    authors: Showell MG,Mackenzie-Proctor R,Jordan V,Hart RJ

    更新日期:2017-07-28 00:00:00

  • Laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Currently there are two surgical options for potentially curable patients (i.e. people with non-metastatic gastric cancer), laparoscopic and open gastrectomy. However, it is not clear whether one of these options is super...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011389.pub2

    authors: Best LM,Mughal M,Gurusamy KS

    更新日期:2016-03-31 00:00:00

  • Dietary interventions (plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, soy protein and dietary fibers) for familial hypercholesterolaemia.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:A cholesterol-lowering diet and several other dietary interventions have been suggested as a management approach either independently or as an adjuvant to drug therapy in children and adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). However, a consensus has yet to be reached on the most appropriate dietary t...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001918.pub3

    authors: Malhotra A,Shafiq N,Arora A,Singh M,Kumar R,Malhotra S

    更新日期:2014-06-10 00:00:00

  • Antidepressants for people with epilepsy and depression.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Depressive disorders are the most common psychiatric comorbidity in patients with epilepsy, affecting around one-third, with a significant negative impact on quality of life. There is concern that patients may not be receiving appropriate treatment for their depression because of uncertainty regarding which ...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010682.pub2

    authors: Maguire MJ,Weston J,Singh J,Marson AG

    更新日期:2014-12-03 00:00:00

  • Strategies for expanding health insurance coverage in vulnerable populations.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Health insurance has the potential to improve access to health care and protect people from the financial risks of diseases. However, health insurance coverage is often low, particularly for people most in need of protection, including children and other vulnerable populations. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effe...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008194.pub3

    authors: Jia L,Yuan B,Huang F,Lu Y,Garner P,Meng Q

    更新日期:2014-11-26 00:00:00

  • Elemene for the treatment of lung cancer.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Elemene, isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Rhizoma Zedoariae and be used to treat patients with lung cancer in China. Until now, the effects have not been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this review was to determine the effectiveness and safety of elemene in the treatment of patien...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006054.pub2

    authors: Rui D,Xiaoyan C,Taixiang W,Guanjian L

    更新日期:2007-10-17 00:00:00

  • Orotracheal intubation in infants performed with a stylet versus without a stylet.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Neonatal endotracheal intubation is a common and potentially life-saving intervention. It is a mandatory skill for neonatal trainees, but one that is difficult to master and maintain. Intubation opportunities for trainees are decreasing and success rates are subsequently falling. Use of a stylet may aid intu...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011791.pub2

    authors: O'Shea JE,O'Gorman J,Gupta A,Sinhal S,Foster JP,O'Connell LA,Kamlin COF,Davis PG

    更新日期:2017-06-22 00:00:00

  • Interventions for improving the psychosocial well-being of children affected by HIV and AIDS.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:As a result of HIV-related mortalities more than 13 million children under the age of 15 have lost a parent due to HIV and AIDS. There are also many children who have HIV-positive parents or primary caregivers; these children are affected by HIV and AIDS and are potentially vulnerable to HIV transmission. Ch...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006733.pub2

    authors: King E,De Silva M,Stein A,Patel V

    更新日期:2009-04-15 00:00:00

  • Olanzapine alone or in combination for acute mania.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, is used in the treatment of mania both as monotherapy and combined with other medicines. OBJECTIVES:To review the efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine in the treatment of mania SEARCH STRATEGY:The Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Controlled T...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004040

    authors: Rendell JM,Gijsman HJ,Keck P,Goodwin GM,Geddes JR

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • WITHDRAWN. Universal neonatal hearing screening versus selective screening as part of the management of childhood deafness.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The principal factors that decide how deafness affects a child's development are the degree of hearing impairment and the age at which it is diagnosed. A number of factors are thought to increase the risk of hearing impairment: low birth weight, prematurity, perinatal hypoxia and jaundice, among others. The ...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003731.pub3

    authors: Puig Reixach MT,Municio A,Medà MC

    更新日期:2010-01-20 00:00:00

  • Extracorporeal photopheresis versus standard treatment for acute graft-versus-host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in paediatric patients.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) occurring in 8% to 59% of the recipients. Currently, the therapeutic mainstay for aGvHD is corticosteroids. However, there is no established standard treatment for steroid...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009759.pub3

    authors: Weitz M,Strahm B,Meerpohl JJ,Schmidt M,Bassler D

    更新日期:2015-12-15 00:00:00

  • Immediate post-abortal insertion of intrauterine devices.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the safety and efficacy of IUD insertion immediately after spontaneous or induced abortion. SEARCH STRATEGY:We used Medline, Popline, and EMBASE computer searches, supplemented by review articles and contacts with investigators. SELECTION CRITERIA:We sought all randomized controlled trials that h...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001777

    authors: Grimes D,Schulz K,Stanwood N

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • Preoxygenation for tracheal suctioning in intubated, ventilated newborn infants.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Endotracheal suctioning for mechanically ventilated infants is routine practice in neonatal intensive care. However, this practice is associated with serious complications including lobar collapse, pneumothorax, bradycardia and hypoxemia. Increasing the inspired oxygen immediately prior to suction (preoxygen...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000427

    authors: Pritchard M,Flenady V,Woodgate P

    更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00

  • Household interventions for preventing domestic lead exposure in children.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Lead poisoning is associated with physical, cognitive and neurobehavioural impairment in children and trials have tested many household interventions to prevent lead exposure. This is an update of the original review by the same authors first published in 2008. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effectiveness of h...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006047.pub4

    authors: Yeoh B,Woolfenden S,Lanphear B,Ridley GF,Livingstone N,Jorgensen E

    更新日期:2014-12-15 00:00:00

  • Haloperidol versus placebo for schizophrenia.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Haloperidol was developed in the late 1950s for use in the field of analgesia. Research subsequently demonstrated effects on hallucinations, delusions, aggressiveness, impulsiveness and states of excitement and led to the introduction of haloperidol as an antipsychotic. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the clinical e...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003082

    authors: Joy CB,Adams CE,Lawrie SM

    更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00

  • Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Intermittent claudication (IC) is a symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Pentoxifylline, one of many drugs used to treat IC, acts by decreasing blood viscosity, improving erythrocyte flexibility, and promoting microcirculatory flow and tissue oxyge...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005262.pub4

    authors: Broderick C,Forster R,Abdel-Hadi M,Salhiyyah K

    更新日期:2020-10-16 00:00:00

  • Interventions for preventing silent cerebral infarcts in people with sickle cell disease.

    abstract::This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To assess the effectiveness of red blood transfusions and hydroxyurea alone or in combination and HSCT to reduce or prevent SCI in people with SCD. ...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012389

    authors: Estcourt LJ,Fortin PM,Hopewell S,Trivella M,Doree C,Abboud MR

    更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00

  • Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Early-onset group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GBS) infection accounts for approximately 30% of neonatal infections, has a high mortality rate and is acquired through vertical transmission from colonized mothers. Several trials have demonstrated the efficacy of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis (IPC) for preve...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003520.pub2

    authors: Stade B,Shah V,Ohlsson A

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • Sulfasalazine for rheumatoid arthritis.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To estimate the short-term efficacy and toxicity of sulfasalazine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group trials register, and Medline, up to July 1997, using the search strategy developed by the Cochrane Collaboration (Dickersin 1994). ...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000958

    authors: Suarez-Almazor ME,Belseck E,Shea B,Wells G,Tugwell P

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • Posture and fluids for preventing post-dural puncture headache.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common complication of lumbar punctures. Several theories have identified the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the hole in the dura as a cause of this side effect. Therefore, it is necessary to take preventive measures to avoid this complication. Prolonged...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009199.pub2

    authors: Arevalo-Rodriguez I,Ciapponi A,Munoz L,Roqué i Figuls M,Bonfill Cosp X

    更新日期:2013-07-12 00:00:00

  • Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease involves migration of leukocytes into gut tissue and subsequent inflammation. Natalizumab (Tysabri(R), Elan Pharmaceuticals and Biogen Idec) a recombinant humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that blocks adhesion and subsequent migration of leukocytes into the gut by binding...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006097.pub2

    authors: MacDonald JK,McDonald JW

    更新日期:2007-01-24 00:00:00

  • Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of hospital stay and postoperative complications.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:This is an update of the review last published in 2011. It focuses on early postoperative enteral nutrition after lower gastrointestinal surgery. Traditional management consisted of 'nil by mouth', where patients receive fluids followed by solids after bowel function has returned. Although several trials hav...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004080.pub3

    authors: Herbert G,Perry R,Andersen HK,Atkinson C,Penfold C,Lewis SJ,Ness AR,Thomas S

    更新日期:2018-10-24 00:00:00

  • Penicillamine for rheumatoid arthritis.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To estimate the short-term effects of D-penicillamine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group's trials register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline up to and including December 1998 and Embase from 1988-1998. We also carrie...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001460

    authors: Suarez-Almazor ME,Spooner C,Belseck E

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • Occupational safety and health enforcement tools for preventing occupational diseases and injuries.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:There is uncertainty as to whether and what extent occupational safety and health regulation and legislation enforcement activities, such as inspections, are effective and efficient to improve workers' health and safety. We use the term regulation to refer both to regulation and legislation. OBJECTIVES:To a...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010183.pub2

    authors: Mischke C,Verbeek JH,Job J,Morata TC,Alvesalo-Kuusi A,Neuvonen K,Clarke S,Pedlow RI

    更新日期:2013-08-30 00:00:00

  • Laparoscopic "drilling" by diathermy or laser for ovulation induction in anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Problems in inducing ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and anovulation (failure to ovulate) are well recognised. Surgical ovarian wedge resection was the first established treatment for anovulatory PCOS patients but was largely abandoned because of the risk of post-surgical adhesion fo...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001122

    authors: Farquhar C,Vandekerckhove P,Lilford R

    更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00

  • Psychological therapies for the treatment of anxiety disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (commonly referred to as chronic bronchitis and emphysema) is a chronic lung condition characterised by the inflammation of airways and irreversible destruction of pulmonary tissue leading to progressively worsening dyspnoea. It is a leading international cause of...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010673.pub2

    authors: Usmani ZA,Carson KV,Heslop K,Esterman AJ,De Soyza A,Smith BJ

    更新日期:2017-03-21 00:00:00

  • Antenatal interventions for fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia results from the formation of antibodies by the mother which are directed against a fetal platelet alloantigen inherited from the father. The resulting fetal thrombocytopenia (reduced platelet numbers) may cause bleeding, particularly into the brain, before or shortly...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004226.pub3

    authors: Rayment R,Brunskill SJ,Soothill PW,Roberts DJ,Bussel JB,Murphy MF

    更新日期:2011-05-11 00:00:00

  • Fresh versus frozen embryo transfers in assisted reproduction.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In general, in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) implies a single fresh and one or more frozen-thawed embryo transfers. Alternatively, the 'freeze-all' strategy implies transfer of frozen-thawed embryos only, with no fresh embryo transfers. In practice, both strategies can ...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011184.pub2

    authors: Wong KM,van Wely M,Mol F,Repping S,Mastenbroek S

    更新日期:2017-03-28 00:00:00

  • Vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In areas where vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a public health concern, the maternal dietary intake of vitamin A may be not sufficient to meet either the maternal nutritional requirements, or those of the breastfed infant, due the low retinol concentrations in breast milk. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effects o...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005944.pub3

    authors: Oliveira JM,Allert R,East CE

    更新日期:2016-03-25 00:00:00

  • Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised patients.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Delirium is a common mental disorder with serious adverse outcomes in hospitalised patients. It is associated with increases in mortality, physical morbidity, length of hospital stay, institutionalisation and costs to healthcare providers. A range of risk factors has been implicated in its aetiology, includi...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005563.pub2

    authors: Siddiqi N,Stockdale R,Britton AM,Holmes J

    更新日期:2007-04-18 00:00:00