How the cortex gets its folds: an inside-out, connectivity-driven model for the scaling of Mammalian cortical folding.

Abstract:

:Larger mammalian cerebral cortices tend to have increasingly folded surfaces, often considered to result from the lateral expansion of the gray matter (GM), which, in a volume constrained by the cranium, causes mechanical compression that is relieved by inward folding of the white matter (WM), or to result from differential expansion of cortical layers. Across species, thinner cortices, presumably more pliable, would offer less resistance and hence become more folded than thicker cortices of a same size. However, such models do not acknowledge evidence in favor of a tension-based pull onto the GM from the inside, holding it in place even when the constraint imposed by the cranium is removed. Here we propose a testable, quantitative model of cortical folding driven by tension along the length of axons in the WM that assumes that connections through the WM are formed early in development, at the same time as the GM becomes folded, and considers that axonal connections through the WM generate tension that leads to inward folding of the WM surface, which pulls the GM surface inward. As an important necessary simplifying hypothesis, we assume that axons leaving or entering the WM do so approximately perpendicularly to the WM-GM interface. Cortical folding is thus driven by WM connectivity, and is a function of the fraction of cortical neurons connected through the WM, the average length, and the average cross-sectional area of the axons in the WM. Our model predicts that the different scaling of cortical folding across mammalian orders corresponds to different combinations of scaling of connectivity, axonal cross-sectional area, and tension along WM axons, instead of being a simple function of the number of GM neurons. Our model also explains variations in average cortical thickness as a result of the factors that lead to cortical folding, rather than as a determinant of folding; predicts that for a same tension, folding increases with connectivity through the WM and increased axonal cross-section; and that, for a same number of neurons, higher connectivity through the WM leads to a higher degree of folding as well as an on average thinner GM across species.

journal_name

Front Neuroanat

authors

Mota B,Herculano-Houzel S

doi

10.3389/fnana.2012.00003

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-02-02 00:00:00

pages

3

issn

1662-5129

journal_volume

6

pub_type

杂志文章
  • GABAergic Projections to the Oculomotor Nucleus in the Goldfish (carassius Auratus).

    abstract::The mammalian oculomotor nucleus receives a strong γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synaptic input, whereas such projections have rarely been reported in fish. In order to determine whether this synaptic organization is preserved across vertebrates, we investigated the GABAergic projections to the oculomotor nucleus in...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2011.00007

    authors: Luque MA,Torres-Torrelo J,Carrascal L,Torres B,Herrero L

    更新日期:2011-02-04 00:00:00

  • The Dual Nature of Onuf's Nucleus: Neuroanatomical Features and Peculiarities, in Health and Disease.

    abstract::Onuf's nucleus is a small group of neurons located in the ventral horns of the sacral spinal cord. The motor neurons (MNs) of Onuf's nucleus innervate striated voluntary muscles of the pelvic floor and are histologically and biochemically comparable to the other somatic spinal MNs. However, curiously, these neurons al...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2020.572013

    authors: Schellino R,Boido M,Vercelli A

    更新日期:2020-09-04 00:00:00

  • Gestational Exposure to Sodium Valproate Disrupts Fasciculation of the Mesotelencephalic Dopaminergic Tract, With a Selective Reduction of Dopaminergic Output From the Ventral Tegmental Area.

    abstract::Gestational exposure to valproic acid (VPA) is known to cause behavioral deficits of sociability, matching similar alterations in human autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Available data are scarce on the neuromorphological changes in VPA-exposed animals. Here, we focused on alterations of the dopaminergic system, which i...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2020.00029

    authors: Ádám Á,Kemecsei R,Company V,Murcia-Ramón R,Juarez I,Gerecsei LI,Zachar G,Echevarría D,Puelles E,Martínez S,Csillag A

    更新日期:2020-06-05 00:00:00

  • Structural Covariance Changes of Anterior and Posterior Hippocampus During Musical Training in Young Adults.

    abstract::Musical training can induce the functional and structural changes of the hippocampus. The hippocampus is not a homogeneous structure which can be divided into anterior and posterior parts along its longitudinal axis, and the whole-brain structural covariances of anterior (aHC) and posterior hippocampus (pHC) show dist...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2020.00020

    authors: Guo P,Li Q,Wang X,Li X,Wang S,Xie Y,Xie Y,Fu Z,Zhang X,Li S

    更新日期:2020-05-19 00:00:00

  • Glucocerebrosidase Mutations and Synucleinopathies. Potential Role of Sterylglucosides and Relevance of Studying Both GBA1 and GBA2 Genes.

    abstract::Gaucher's disease (GD) is the most prevalent lysosomal storage disorder. GD is caused by homozygous mutations of the GBA1 gene, which codes for beta-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Although GD primarily affects peripheral tissues, the presence of neurological symptoms has been reported in several GD subtypes. GBA1 mutatio...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2018.00052

    authors: Franco R,Sánchez-Arias JA,Navarro G,Lanciego JL

    更新日期:2018-06-28 00:00:00

  • Mapping Central Projection of Oxytocin Neurons in Unmated Mice Using Cre and Alkaline Phosphatase Reporter.

    abstract::Oxytocin, a neuropeptide and peptide hormone, is produced by neurons in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary to control breastfeeding and labor. Recent studies have revealed that oxytocin in the central nervous system is also involved in modulating social interaction. To understand the potential ro...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2020.559402

    authors: Liao PY,Chiu YM,Yu JH,Chen SK

    更新日期:2020-10-19 00:00:00

  • Brain scaling in mammalian evolution as a consequence of concerted and mosaic changes in numbers of neurons and average neuronal cell size.

    abstract::Enough species have now been subject to systematic quantitative analysis of the relationship between the morphology and cellular composition of their brain that patterns begin to emerge and shed light on the evolutionary path that led to mammalian brain diversity. Based on an analysis of the shared and clade-specific ...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2014.00077

    authors: Herculano-Houzel S,Manger PR,Kaas JH

    更新日期:2014-08-11 00:00:00

  • Fast 3-D Imaging of Brain Organoids With a New Single-Objective Planar-Illumination Two-Photon Microscope.

    abstract::Human inducible pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold a large potential for disease modeling. hiPSC-derived human astrocyte and neuronal cultures permit investigations of neural signaling pathways with subcellular resolution. Combinatorial cultures, and three-dimensional (3-D) embryonic bodies (EBs) enlarge the scope o...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2019.00077

    authors: Rakotoson I,Delhomme B,Djian P,Deeg A,Brunstein M,Seebacher C,Uhl R,Ricard C,Oheim M

    更新日期:2019-08-20 00:00:00

  • Neuronize: a tool for building realistic neuronal cell morphologies.

    abstract::This study presents a tool, Neuronize, for building realistic three-dimensional models of neuronal cells from the morphological information extracted through computer-aided tracing applications. Neuronize consists of a set of methods designed to build 3D neural meshes that approximate the cell membrane at different re...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2013.00015

    authors: Brito JP,Mata S,Bayona S,Pastor L,Defelipe J,Benavides-Piccione R

    更新日期:2013-06-03 00:00:00

  • Origin and Migration of Olfactory Cajal-Retzius Cells.

    abstract::Early telencephalic development involves the migration of diverse cell types that can be identified by specific molecular markers. Most prominent among them are Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells that emanate mainly from the cortical hem and to a lesser extent from rostrolateral, septal and caudo-medial regions. One additional ...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2017.00097

    authors: Frade-Pérez MD,Miquelajáuregui A,Varela-Echavarría A

    更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00

  • Impact of a deletion of the full-length and short isoform of p75NTR on cholinergic innervation and the population of postmitotic doublecortin positive cells in the dentate gyrus.

    abstract::Analyses of mice carrying a deletion of the pan-neurotrophin receptor p75NTR have allowed identifying p75NTR as an important structural regulator of the hippocampus. Most of the previous analyses were done using p75NTR (ExIII) knockout mice which still express the short isoform of p75NTR. To scrutinize the role of p75...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2015.00063

    authors: Poser R,Dokter M,von Bohlen Und Halbach V,Berger SM,Busch R,Baldus M,Unsicker K,von Bohlen Und Halbach O

    更新日期:2015-05-27 00:00:00

  • Synaptic connectivity of the cholinergic axons in the olfactory bulb of the cynomolgus monkey.

    abstract::The olfactory bulb (OB) of mammals receives cholinergic afferents from the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB). At present, the synaptic connectivity of the cholinergic axons on the circuits of the OB has only been investigated in the rat. In this report, we analyze the synaptic connectivity of the cho...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2015.00028

    authors: Liberia T,Blasco-Ibáñez JM,Nácher J,Varea E,Lanciego JL,Crespo C

    更新日期:2015-03-17 00:00:00

  • Optimization of 3D-Visualization of Micro-Anatomical Structures of the Human Inner Ear in Osmium Tetroxide Contrast Enhanced Micro-CT Scans.

    abstract::Introduction: Knowledge of the neuro-anatomical architecture of the inner ear contributes to the improvement and development of cochlear and vestibular implants. The present knowledge is mainly based on two-dimensional images (histology) or derived models that simplify the complexity of this architecture. This study i...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2018.00041

    authors: van den Boogert T,van Hoof M,Handschuh S,Glueckert R,Guinand N,Guyot JP,Kingma H,Perez-Fornos A,Seppen B,Johnson Chacko L,Schrott-Fischer A,van de Berg R

    更新日期:2018-05-22 00:00:00

  • Histogenetic Radial Models as Aids to Understanding Complex Brain Structures: The Amygdalar Radial Model as a Recent Example.

    abstract::The radial dimension expands during central nervous system development after the proliferative neuroepithelium is molecularly patterned. The process is associated with neurogenesis, radial glia scaffolding, and migration of immature neurons into the developing mantle stratum. Radial histogenetic units, defined as a de...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2020.590011

    authors: Garcia-Calero E,Puelles L

    更新日期:2020-11-10 00:00:00

  • Validation of In utero Tractography of Human Fetal Commissural and Internal Capsule Fibers with Histological Structure Tensor Analysis.

    abstract::Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography offer the unique possibility to visualize the developing white matter macroanatomy of the human fetal brain in vivo and in utero and are currently under investigation for their potential use in the diagnosis of developmental pathologies of the human central nervous syste...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2015.00164

    authors: Mitter C,Jakab A,Brugger PC,Ricken G,Gruber GM,Bettelheim D,Scharrer A,Langs G,Hainfellner JA,Prayer D,Kasprian G

    更新日期:2015-12-24 00:00:00

  • Flexible and Stable Value Coding Areas in Caudate Head and Tail Receive Anatomically Distinct Cortical and Subcortical Inputs.

    abstract::Anatomically distinct areas within the basal ganglia encode flexible- and stable-value memories for visual objects (Hikosaka et al., 2014), but an important question remains: do they receive inputs from the same or different brain areas or neurons? To answer this question, we first located flexible and stable value-co...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2017.00106

    authors: Griggs WS,Kim HF,Ghazizadeh A,Costello MG,Wall KM,Hikosaka O

    更新日期:2017-11-24 00:00:00

  • One hand clapping: lateralization of motor control.

    abstract::Lateralization of motor control refers to the ability to produce pure unilateral or asymmetric movements. It is required for a variety of coordinated activities, including skilled bimanual tasks and locomotion. Here we discuss the neuroanatomical substrates and pathophysiological underpinnings of lateralized motor out...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2015.00075

    authors: Welniarz Q,Dusart I,Gallea C,Roze E

    更新日期:2015-06-02 00:00:00

  • The Brainstem in Emotion: A Review.

    abstract::Emotions depend upon the integrated activity of neural networks that modulate arousal, autonomic function, motor control, and somatosensation. Brainstem nodes play critical roles in each of these networks, but prior studies of the neuroanatomic basis of emotion, particularly in the human neuropsychological literature,...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2017.00015

    authors: Venkatraman A,Edlow BL,Immordino-Yang MH

    更新日期:2017-03-09 00:00:00

  • The dendritic spine story: an intriguing process of discovery.

    abstract::Dendritic spines are key components of a variety of microcircuits and they represent the majority of postsynaptic targets of glutamatergic axon terminals in the brain. The present article will focus on the discovery of dendritic spines, which was possible thanks to the application of the Golgi technique to the study o...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2015.00014

    authors: DeFelipe J

    更新日期:2015-03-05 00:00:00

  • Morphological changes of glutamatergic synapses in animal models of Parkinson's disease.

    abstract::The striatum and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) are the main entry doors for extrinsic inputs to reach the basal ganglia (BG) circuitry. The cerebral cortex, thalamus and brainstem are the key sources of glutamatergic inputs to these nuclei. There is anatomical, functional and neurochemical evidence that glutamatergic ...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2015.00117

    authors: Villalba RM,Mathai A,Smith Y

    更新日期:2015-09-25 00:00:00

  • Basal Ganglia circuits underlying the pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.

    abstract::Involuntary movements or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease. Dyskinesia is, ultimately, experienced by the vast majority of the patients. Despite the importance of this problem, little was known about the cause of dyskinesia, a situation that has dramatically ...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2010.00131

    authors: Barroso-Chinea P,Bezard E

    更新日期:2010-09-14 00:00:00

  • Verification of the Cross Immunoreactivity of A60, a Mouse Monoclonal Antibody against Neuronal Nuclear Protein.

    abstract::A60, the mouse monoclonal antibody against the neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), is the most widely used neuronal marker in neuroscience research and neuropathological assays. Previous studies identified fragments of A60-immunoprecipitated protein as Synapsin I (Syn I), suggesting the antibody will demonstrate cross im...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2016.00054

    authors: Mao S,Xiong G,Zhang L,Dong H,Liu B,Cohen NA,Cohen AS

    更新日期:2016-05-13 00:00:00

  • Cerebellum: links between development, developmental disorders and motor learning.

    abstract::The study of the links and interactions between development and motor learning has noticeable implications for the understanding and management of neurodevelopmental disorders. This is particularly relevant for the cerebellum which is critical for sensorimotor learning. The olivocerebellar pathway is a key pathway con...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2012.00001

    authors: Manto MU,Jissendi P

    更新日期:2012-01-23 00:00:00

  • Pío del Río-Hortega: A Pioneer in the Pathology of Central Nervous System Tumors.

    abstract::The last 140 years have seen considerable advances in knowledge of central nervous system tumors. However, the main tumor types had already been described during the early years of the twentieth century. The studies of Dr. Pío del Río Hortega have been ones of the most exhaustive histology and cytology-based studies o...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2016.00013

    authors: Ramon Y Cajal Agüeras S

    更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00

  • Do We Need a Human post mortem Whole-Brain Anatomical Ground Truth in in vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging?

    abstract::Non-invasive in vivo neuroimaging techniques provide a wide array of possibilities to study human brain function. A number of approaches are available that improve our understanding of the anatomical location of brain activation patterns, including the development of probabilistic conversion tools to register individu...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2018.00110

    authors: Alkemade A,Groot JM,Forstmann BU

    更新日期:2018-12-05 00:00:00

  • Automatic Mitochondria Segmentation for EM Data Using a 3D Supervised Convolutional Network.

    abstract::Recent studies have supported the relation between mitochondrial functions and degenerative disorders related to ageing, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Since these studies have exposed the need for detailed and high-resolution analysis of physical alterations in mitochondria, it is necessary to be able ...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2018.00092

    authors: Xiao C,Chen X,Li W,Li L,Wang L,Xie Q,Han H

    更新日期:2018-11-02 00:00:00

  • Expansion Light Sheet Microscopy Resolves Subcellular Structures in Large Portions of the Songbird Brain.

    abstract::Expansion microscopy and light sheet imaging (ExLSM) provide a viable alternative to existing tissue clearing and large volume imaging approaches. The analysis of intact volumes of brain tissue presents a distinct challenge in neuroscience. Recent advances in tissue clearing and light sheet microscopy have re-addresse...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2019.00002

    authors: Düring DN,Rocha MD,Dittrich F,Gahr M,Hahnloser RHR

    更新日期:2019-01-31 00:00:00

  • Hypothesis on the dual origin of the Mammalian subplate.

    abstract::The development of the mammalian neocortex relies heavily on subplate. The proportion of this cell population varies considerably in different mammalian species. Subplate is almost undetectable in marsupials, forms a thin, but distinct layer in mouse and rat, a larger layer in carnivores and big-brained mammals as pig...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2011.00025

    authors: Montiel JF,Wang WZ,Oeschger FM,Hoerder-Suabedissen A,Tung WL,García-Moreno F,Holm IE,Villalón A,Molnár Z

    更新日期:2011-04-07 00:00:00

  • Distribution of 28 kDa Calbindin-Immunopositive Neurons in the Cat Spinal Cord.

    abstract::The distribution of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (28 kDa calbindin) was investigated in cat lumbar and sacral spinal cord segments (L1-S3). We observed specific multi-dimensional distributions over the spinal segments for small immunopositive cells in Rexed laminae II-III and medium-to-large cells of va...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2015.00166

    authors: Merkulyeva N,Veshchitskii A,Makarov F,Gerasimenko Y,Musienko P

    更新日期:2016-01-28 00:00:00

  • Congenital hypoplasia of the cerebellum: developmental causes and behavioral consequences.

    abstract::Over the last 60 years, the spotlight of research has periodically returned to the cerebellum as new techniques and insights have emerged. Because of its simple homogeneous structure, limited diversity of cell types and characteristic behavioral pathologies, the cerebellum is a natural home for studies of cell specifi...

    journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3389/fnana.2013.00029

    authors: Basson MA,Wingate RJ

    更新日期:2013-09-03 00:00:00