Lobeline for smoking cessation.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of infrequent periods (oligomenorrhoea) and absence of periods (amenorrhoea). It affects about 4% to 8% of women worldwide and often leads to anovulatory subfertility. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are a novel class of drugs that were introduced for ovul...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Franik S,Kremer JA,Nelen WL,Farquhar C

更新日期：2014-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic neutrophilic inflammation, both in the presence and absence of infection, is a feature of bronchiectasis in adults and children. The anti-inflammatory properties of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be beneficial in reducing airway inflammation and thus potentially improve lung functio...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Pizzutto SJ,Upham JW,Yerkovich ST,Chang AB

更新日期：2010-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Urinary incontinence can affect 40-60% of people admitted to hospital after a stroke, with 25% still having problems on hospital discharge and 15% remaining incontinent at one year. OBJECTIVES:To determine the optimal methods for treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY:We ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Thomas LH,Cross S,Barrett J,French B,Leathley M,Sutton CJ,Watkins C

更新日期：2008-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Millions of people worldwide suffer from hepatitis C, which can lead to severe liver disease, liver cancer, and death. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are relatively new and expensive interventions for chronic hepatitis C, and preliminary results suggest that DAAs may eradicate hepatitis C virus (HCV) from t...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Jakobsen JC,Nielsen EE,Feinberg J,Katakam KK,Fobian K,Hauser G,Poropat G,Djurisic S,Weiss KH,Bjelakovic M,Bjelakovic G,Klingenberg SL,Liu JP,Nikolova D,Koretz RL,Gluud C

更新日期：2017-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Peripheral nerve block (infiltration of local anaesthetic around a nerve) is used for anaesthesia or analgesia. A limitation to its use for postoperative analgesia is that the analgesic effect lasts only a few hours, after which moderate to severe pain at the surgical site may result in the need for alternat...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Pehora C,Pearson AM,Kaushal A,Crawford MW,Johnston B

更新日期：2017-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) is commonly diagnosed in the neonatal population (DiPietro 1994), and generally causes few or no symptoms (Vandenplas 2009). Conversely, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) refers to GOR that causes troublesome symptoms with or without complications such as damage to the ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Psaila K,Foster JP,Richards R,Jeffery HE

更新日期：2014-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Numerous systematic reviews exist on interventions to improve consumers' medicines use, but this research is distributed across diseases, populations and settings. The scope and focus of reviews on consumers' medicines use also varies widely. Such differences create challenges for decision makers seeking rev...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Ryan R,Santesso N,Hill S,Lowe D,Kaufman C,Grimshaw J

更新日期：2011-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Trachoma is a major cause of avoidable blindness. It is responsible for about six million blind people worldwide, mostly in the poor communities of developing countries. One of the major strategies advocated for the control of the disease is the application of various environmental sanitary measures to such ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Rabiu M,Alhassan M,Ejere H

更新日期：2007-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Asymptomatic retinal breaks and lattice degeneration are visible lesions that are risk factors for later retinal detachment. Retinal detachments occur when fluid in the vitreous cavity passes through tears or holes in the retina and separates the retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. Creatio...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Wilkinson CP

更新日期：2014-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Macrolide antibiotics (macrolides) are among the most commonly prescribed antibiotics worldwide and are used for a wide range of infections. However, macrolides also expose people to the risk of adverse events. The current understanding of adverse events is mostly derived from observational studies, which ar...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Hansen MP,Scott AM,McCullough A,Thorning S,Aronson JK,Beller EM,Glasziou PP,Hoffmann TC,Clark J,Del Mar CB

更新日期：2019-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cisplatin and several related antineoplastic drugs used to treat many types of solid tumours are neurotoxic, and most patients completing a full course of cisplatin chemotherapy develop a clinically detectable sensory neuropathy. Effective neuroprotective therapies have been sought. OBJECTIVES:To examine th...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Albers JW,Chaudhry V,Cavaletti G,Donehower RC

更新日期：2014-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Worldwide, phenytoin and valproate are commonly used antiepileptic drugs. It is generally believed that phenytoin is more effective for partial onset seizures, and that valproate is more effective for generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures (with or without other generalised seizure types). This review is on...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Nolan SJ,Marson AG,Weston J,Tudur Smith C

更新日期：2016-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) is an important cause of meningitis and pneumonia in children. Vaccine cost is a significant barrier to use in low income countries. Determining the size of the effects of the vaccine will enable cost-effectiveness comparisons with competing priorities in low income cou...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Swingler GH,Michaels D,Hussey GG

更新日期：2009-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Drooling is a common problem for children with cerebral palsy (CP). This can be distressing for these children as well as for their parents and caregivers. The consequences of drooling include risk of social rejection, damp and soiled clothing, unpleasant odour, irritated chapped skin, mouth infections, dehy...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Walshe M,Smith M,Pennington L

更新日期：2012-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are abnormal direct connections between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein which result in a right-to-left shunt. They are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality mainly from the effects of paradoxical emboli. Potential complications include stroke, cere...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Hsu CC,Kwan GN,Thompson SA,van Driel ML

更新日期：2010-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cryptococcal disease remains one of the main causes of death in HIV-positive people who have low cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell counts. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening HIV-positive people with low CD4 counts for cryptococcal antigenaemia (CrAg), and treating those...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Awotiwon AA,Johnson S,Rutherford GW,Meintjes G,Eshun-Wilson I

更新日期：2018-08-29 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Fatigue is one of the most common and disabling symptoms of people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The effective management of fatigue has an important impact on the patient's functioning, abilities, and quality of life. Although a number of strategies have been devised for reducing fatigue, treatment recommen...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Pucci E,Branãs P,D'Amico R,Giuliani G,Solari A,Taus C

更新日期：2007-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are associated with prolonged hospital stay and death compared with infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Appropriate antibiotic use in hospitals should ensure effective treatment of patients with i...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Davey P,Marwick CA,Scott CL,Charani E,McNeil K,Brown E,Gould IM,Ramsay CR,Michie S

更新日期：2017-02-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Road traffic crashes are a major cause of death and injury, especially in low and middle-income countries. It is estimated that road traffic injuries will have risen from ninth to third in world disease burden rankings by 2020, accounting for 2.3 million deaths globally. Street lighting has been suggested as...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Beyer FR,Ker K

更新日期：2009-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A nursing record system is the record of care planned and/or given to individual patients/clients by qualified nurses or other caregivers under the direction of a qualified nurse. Nursing record systems may be an effective way of influencing nurse practice. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of nursing record...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Currell R,Urquhart C

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In many countries of the industrialised world second generation ('atypical') antipsychotics have become the first line drug treatment for people with schizophrenia. The question as to whether, and if so how much, the effects of the various new generation antipsychotics differ is a matter of debate. In this r...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Komossa K,Rummel-Kluge C,Hunger H,Schwarz S,Bhoopathi PS,Kissling W,Leucht S

更新日期：2009-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Many people with schizophrenia do not achieve a satisfactory treatment response with ordinary antipsychotic drug treatment. In these cases, various add-on medications are used, among them lithium. OBJECTIVES:To review the effects of lithium for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Leucht S,McGrath J,Kissling W

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In the recent years, a variety of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) procedures have emerged that may provide a treatment option to participants suffering from moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of BLVR on the short- and long-term health...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： van Agteren JE,Hnin K,Grosser D,Carson KV,Smith BJ

更新日期：2017-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin, resulting in abnormal red blood cells. These are rigid and may block blood vessels leading to acute painful crises and other complications. Recent research has focused on therapies to rehydrate the sickled cells by reducing the loss of water and ion...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Nagalla S,Ballas SK

更新日期：2018-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The recommended management for neonates with a possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) is hospitalisation and treatment with intravenous antibiotics, such as ampicillin plus gentamicin. However, hospitalisation is often not feasible for neonates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, alt...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Duby J,Lassi ZS,Bhutta ZA

更新日期：2019-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The risks of multiple pregnancy and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) are increased in women with clomiphene resistance WHO group 2 dysfunction undergoing ovulation induction as well as the risk of spontaneous abortion if conception takes place. Semi-purified preparations of FSH have been developed in...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Hughes E,Collins J,Vandekerckhove P

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Inositol is an essential nutrient required by human cells in culture for growth and survival. Inositol promotes maturation of several components of surfactant and may play a critical role in fetal and early neonatal life. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness/safety of supplementary inositol in preterm inf...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Howlett A,Ohlsson A

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hydroxyethyl starches (HES) are synthetic colloids commonly used for fluid resuscitation, yet controversy exists about their impact on kidney function. OBJECTIVES:To examine the effects of HES on kidney function compared to other fluid resuscitation therapies in different patient populations. SEARCH STRATE...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Dart AB,Mutter TC,Ruth CA,Taback SP

更新日期：2010-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Multi-strategic community wide interventions for physical activity are increasingly popular but their ability to achieve population level improvements is unknown. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effects of community wide, multi-strategic interventions upon population levels of physical activity. SEARCH METHODS:...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Baker PR,Francis DP,Soares J,Weightman AL,Foster C

更新日期：2015-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Venous access is an essential part of caring for the sick neonate. However, problems such as contamination of fluids with bacteria, endotoxins and particulates have been associated with intravenous infusion therapy. Intravenous in-line filters claim to be an effective strategy for the removal of bacteria, en...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Foster JP,Richards R,Showell MG,Jones LJ

更新日期：2015-08-06 00:00:00