Abstract:
BACKGROUND:This section is under preparation and will be included in the next issue. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effect of prophylactic administration of synthetic surfactant in preterm newborns at risk for developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). SEARCH STRATEGY:Searches were made of the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, Medline (MeSH terms: pulmonary surfactant; limits: age groups, newborn infants; publication type, clinical trial), previous reviews including cross-references, abstracts, conference and symposia proceedings, expert informants, and journal hand searching in the English language. SELECTION CRITERIA:Randomized, controlled trials which compared the effect of prophylactic synthetic surfactant administered to high risk preterm newborns at or shortly after birth in order to prevent respiratory distress syndrome and other complications of prematurity. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:Data regarding clinical outcomes including the incidence of pneumothorax, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage (any grade and severe intraventricular hemorrhage), bronchopulmonary dysplasia, mortality, bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death, retinopathy of prematurity (any retinopathy, and retinopathy stages 3-4) mortality to one year of age, and cerebral palsy was excerpted from the report of the clinical trials by the reviewer. Data were analyzed according to the standards of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. MAIN RESULTS:Studies of prophylactic administration of synthetic surfactant note a variable improvement in the respiratory status and a decrease in respiratory distress syndrome in infants who receive prophylactic synthetic surfactant. The meta-analysis supports a decrease in the risk of pneumothorax (typical relative risk 0.67, 95% CI 0.50, 0.90; typical risk difference -0.05, 95% CI -0.09, -0. 02), a decrease in the risk of pulmonary interstitial emphysema (typical relative risk 0.68, 95% CI 0.50, 0.93; typical risk difference -0.06, 95% CI -0.11, -0.01), and a decrease in risk of neonatal mortality (typical relative risk 0.70, 95% CI 0.58, 0.85; typical risk difference -0.07, 95% CI -0.11, -0.03). No differences were seen in the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity and cerebral palsy. The meta-analysis supports an increase in the risk of patent ductus arteriosus associated with prophylactic synthetic surfactant administration (typical relative risk 1.11, 95% CI 1.00, 1.22; typical risk difference 0.05, 95% CI 0. 00,0.10), and an increase in the risk of pulmonary hemorrhage (typical relative risk 3.28, 95% CI 1.50, 7.16; typical risk difference 0.03, 95% CI 0.01, 0.05). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS:Prophylactic intratracheal administration of synthetic surfactant to infants judged to be at risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome has been demonstrated to improve clinical outcome. Infants who receive prophylactic synthetic surfactant have a decreased risk of pneumothorax, a decreased risk of pulmonary interstitial emphysema, and a decreased risk of neonatal mortality. Infants who receive prophylactic synthetic surfactant have an increased risk of developing patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary hemorrhage.
journal_name
Cochrane Database Syst Revjournal_title
The Cochrane database of systematic reviewsauthors
Soll RFdoi
10.1002/14651858.CD001079keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-01-01 00:00:00pages
CD001079issue
2issn
1469-493Xpii
CD001079pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Medications used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have significantly improved patient outcomes and delayed time to surgery. However, some of these therapies are recognized to increase the general risk of infection and have an unclear impact on postoperative infection risk. OBJECTIVES:To assess the ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013256.pub2
更新日期:2020-10-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic excessive alcohol consumption may lead to dependence, and to alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in case of abrupt drinking cessation. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) can prevent and suppress withdrawal symptoms, and improve the medium-term abstinence rate. A clear balance between effectiveness and har...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006266.pub2
更新日期:2010-02-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Individuals with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may suffer recurrent exacerbations with an increase in volume and/or purulence of sputum. Because of the personal and healthcare costs associated with exacerbations, any therapy that reduces the number of exacerbations is use...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001287.pub3
更新日期:2010-02-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Flexible working conditions are increasingly popular in developed countries but the effects on employee health and wellbeing are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effects (benefits and harms) of flexible working interventions on the physical, mental and general health and wellbeing of employees an...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008009.pub2
更新日期:2010-02-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nasal pharyngolaryngoscopy (NPL) is performed as an outpatient and inpatient procedure on a daily basis, for a variety of indications. It frequently causes some degree of discomfort to the patient. Various different topical agents, which are intended to reduce this discomfort, are in common use. This review ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005606.pub2
更新日期:2011-03-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:About half of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) require surgery within 10 years of diagnosis. Resection of the affected segment is highly effective, however the majority of patients experience clinical recurrence after surgery. Most of these patients have asymptomatic endoscopic recurrence weeks or months b...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012328.pub2
更新日期:2020-08-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pulmonary tuberculosis is usually diagnosed when symptomatic individuals seek care at healthcare facilities, and healthcare workers have a minimal role in promoting the health-seeking behaviour. However, some policy specialists believe the healthcare system could be more active in tuberculosis diagnosis to i...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011432.pub2
更新日期:2017-11-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Indomethacin is used as standard therapy to close a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) but is associated with reduced blood flow to several organs. Ibuprofen, another cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, may be as effective as indomethacin with fewer adverse effects. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effectiveness and safety o...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003481.pub8
更新日期:2020-02-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epidemiological and other studies suggest that a diet rich in omega-3 essential fatty acids (derived from fish oil) may have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects for chronic conditions such as cystic fibrosis (CF). OBJECTIVES:To determine whether there is evidence that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid sup...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002201.pub2
更新日期:2007-10-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Postnatal depression, with a prevalence of at least 10%, is probably the most common complication of the puerperium. A deficiency or imbalance of sex hormones has repeatedly been suggested as a cause. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to evaluate the role of oestrogens and progestogens in the prev...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001690
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several antibiotics have been evaluated in Crohn's disease (CD), however randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have produced conflicting results. OBJECTIVES:To assess the efficacy and safety of antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in CD. SEARCH METHODS:We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012730.pub2
更新日期:2019-02-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Preterm infants are born with low glycogen stores and require higher glucose intake to match fetal accretion rates. In spite of the myriad benefits of breast milk for preterm infants, it may not adequately meet the needs of these rapidly growing infants. Supplementing human milk with carbohydrates may help. ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000280.pub3
更新日期:2020-09-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of disease-related malnutrition in Western European hospitals is estimated to be about 30%. There is no consensus whether poor nutritional status causes poorer clinical outcome or if it is merely associated with it. The intention with all forms of nutrition support is to increase uptake of ess...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011598.pub2
更新日期:2017-05-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a long-term complication of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) that is characterised by pain, swelling, and skin changes in the affected limb. One in three patients with DVT will develop post-thrombotic sequelae within five years. Rutosides are a group of compounds derived from ho...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005625.pub4
更新日期:2018-11-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:For patients with a diagnosis of vascular dementia there is evidence that aspirin is widely prescribed - in one study, completed by geriatricians and psychiatrists in the UK, 80% of patients with cognitive impairment (with vascular risk factors) were prescribed aspirin. However, a number of queries remain un...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001296
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Elemene, isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Rhizoma Zedoariae and be used to treat patients with lung cancer in China. Until now, the effects have not been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this review was to determine the effectiveness and safety of elemene in the treatment of patien...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006054.pub2
更新日期:2007-10-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:People with schizophrenia from families that express high levels of criticism, hostility, or over involvement, have more frequent relapses than people with similar problems from families that tend to be less expressive of emotions. Forms of psychosocial intervention, designed to reduce these levels of expres...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000088.pub2
更新日期:2010-12-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Depression is the most common psychological problem in the chronic dialysis population. The diagnosis of depression in patients on chronic dialysis is confounded by the fact that several symptoms of uraemia mimic the somatic components of depression. It affects their physical, psychological and social well-b...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004541.pub2
更新日期:2005-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The most common type of functional bladder outlet obstruction in patients with neurogenic bladder is detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD). The lack of co-ordination between the bladder and the external urethral sphincter muscle (EUS) in DSD can result in poor bladder emptying and high bladder pressures, whic...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004927.pub4
更新日期:2014-05-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mobilization of community first responders (CFRs) to the scene of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) event has been proposed as a means of shortening the interval from occurrence of cardiac arrest to performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation, thereby increasing patient survi...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012764.pub2
更新日期:2019-07-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Foot ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus are a common and serious global health issue. Dressings form a key part of ulcer treatment, with clinicians and patients having many different types to choose from including alginate dressings. A clear and current overview of current evidence is required to facili...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009110.pub2
更新日期:2012-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:People with chronic plaque psoriasis often have lesions on the scalp. Hair makes the scalp difficult to treat and the adjacent facial skin is particularly sensitive to topical treatments. OBJECTIVES:To assess the efficacy and safety of topical treatments for scalp psoriasis. SEARCH METHODS:We searched the ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009687.pub2
更新日期:2016-02-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Extramedullary fixation of hip fractures refers to the application of a plate and screws to the lateral side of the proximal femur. OBJECTIVES:To compare different types of extramedullary fixation implants for the surgical treatment of extracapsular hip fracture in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the C...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000339
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is recommended as a key component of the management plan for diabetes therapy during pregnancy. No existing systematic reviews consider the benefits/effectiveness of various techniques of blood glucose monitoring on maternal and infant outcomes among pregnant women wit...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009613.pub3
更新日期:2017-06-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rosacea is a common skin condition affecting the face, characterised by flushing, redness, pimples, pustules and dilated blood vessels. The eyes are often also involved. The cause of rosacea is unclear. It is a chronic disease, which can be controlled in most cases with appropriate treatment. Numerous treatm...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003262.pub2
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Orthodontic treatment involves using fixed or removable appliances (dental braces) to correct the positions of teeth. The success of a fixed appliance depends partly on the metal attachments (brackets and bands) being glued to the teeth so that they do not become detached during treatment. Brackets (metal sq...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008236.pub3
更新日期:2017-02-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Aspirin is widely used for secondary prevention after stroke. Cilostazol has shown promise as an alternative to aspirin in Asian people with stroke. OBJECTIVES:To determine the relative effectiveness and safety of cilostazol compared directly with aspirin in the prevention of stroke and other serious vascul...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008076.pub2
更新日期:2011-01-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), which is also known as clubfoot, is a common congenital orthopaedic condition. It is characterised by an excessively turned in foot (equinovarus) and high medial longitudinal arch (cavus). If left untreated it can result in long-term disability, deformity and pain. Inte...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008602.pub2
更新日期:2012-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor which blocks cytokine signaling involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including ulcerative colitis (UC). The etiology of UC is poorly understood, however research suggests the development and progression of the disease is due to a dysregulated...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012381.pub2
更新日期:2020-01-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the commonest severe monogenic disorders in the world, due to the inheritance of two abnormal haemoglobin (beta globin) genes. SCD can cause severe pain, significant end-organ damage, pulmonary complications, and premature death. Silent cerebral infarcts are the commonest ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012389.pub2
更新日期:2017-05-13 00:00:00