Abstract:
BACKGROUND:This section is under preparation and will be included in the next issue. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effect of prophylactic intratracheal administration of natural surfactant extract in preterm newborns at risk for developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). SEARCH STRATEGY:Searches were made of the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, Medline (MeSH terms: pulmonary surfactant; limits: age groups; newborn infants), previous reviews including cross references, abstracts, conference and symposia proceedings, expert informants and journal hand searching in the English language. SELECTION CRITERIA:Randomized controlled trials which compared the effect of prophylactic natural surfactant administration (surfactant obtained from human or bovine sources, either modified with additional phospholipids or not) administered to high risk preterm newborns at or shortly after birth in order to prevent respiratory distress syndrome, other complications of prematurity, and mortality. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:Data regarding clinical outcomes including incidence of pneumothorax, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage (any grade and severe intraventricular hemorrhage), bronchopulmonary dysplasia, mortality, bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death, and retinopathy of prematurity were excerpted from the reports of the clinical trials by the reviewer. Data analysis was done in accordance with the standards of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. MAIN RESULTS:All of the included studies note an initial improvement in respiratory status and a decrease in the risk of respiratory distress syndrome in infants who receive prophylactic natural surfactant extract. The meta-analysis supports a decrease in the risk of pneumothorax (typical relative risk 0.35, 95% CI 0.26, 0.49; typical risk difference -0.15, 95% CI -0.20, -0.11), a decrease in the risk pulmonary interstitial emphysema (typical relative risk 0.46, 95% CI 0.35, 0.60; typical risk difference -0.19, 95% CI -0.25, -0.13), a decrease in the risk of neonatal mortality (typical relative risk 0. 60, 95% CI 0.44, 0.83; typical risk difference -0.07, 95% CI -0.12, -0.03), and a decrease in the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death (typical relative risk 0.84, 95% CI 0.75, 0.93; typical risk difference -0.10, 95% CI -0.16, -0.04. No differences are reported in the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis or retinopathy of prematurity. Few data are available on long-term followup of treated infants. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS:Prophylactic intratracheal administration of natural surfactant extract to infants judged to be at risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome (intubated infants <30 weeks gestation) has been demonstrated to improve clinical outcome. Infants who receive prophylactic natural surfactant extract have a decreased risk of pneumothorax, a decreased risk of pulmonary interstitial emphysema, a decreased risk of mortality, and a decreased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death.
journal_name
Cochrane Database Syst Revjournal_title
The Cochrane database of systematic reviewsauthors
Soll RFdoi
10.1002/14651858.CD000511keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-01-01 00:00:00pages
CD000511issue
2issn
1469-493Xpii
CD000511pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Up to half the people with tuberculosis do not complete their treatment. Thus strategies that improve adherence to treatment regimens are important. OBJECTIVES:To compare policies of directly observed therapy with self treatment at home in people requiring treatment for clinically active tuberculosis, or re...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003343
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endometriosis is a common gynaecological condition which affects many women of reproductive age worldwide and is a major cause of pain and infertility. The modern oral contraceptive pill is widely used to treat pain occurring as a result of endometriosis, although the evidence for its efficacy is limited. O...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001019.pub2
更新日期:2007-07-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Manipulation and mobilisation are commonly used to treat neck pain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003, and previously updated in 2010. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of manipulation or mobilisation alone compared wiith those of an inactive control or another active treatment o...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004249.pub4
更新日期:2015-09-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several antibiotics have been evaluated in Crohn's disease (CD), however randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have produced conflicting results. OBJECTIVES:To assess the efficacy and safety of antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in CD. SEARCH METHODS:We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012730.pub2
更新日期:2019-02-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It has been suggested that peptides from gluten and casein may have a role in the origins of autism and that the physiology and psychology of autism might be explained by excessive opioid activity linked to these peptides. Research has reported abnormal levels of peptides in the urine and cerebrospinal fluid...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003498.pub3
更新日期:2008-04-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In neovascular age-related macular degeneration, new vessels grow under the retina, distorting vision and leading to scarring. This is further exacerbated if the blood vessels leak. Photodynamic therapy, originally used in cancer treatment, has been investigated as a way to treat the neovascular membranes wi...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002030
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Childhood vaccination is an effective way to prevent serious childhood illnesses, but many children do not receive all the recommended vaccines. There are various reasons for this; some parents lack access because of poor quality health services, long distances or lack of money. Other parents may not trust v...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011787.pub2
更新日期:2017-02-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several studies have suggested that prophylactic antibiotics given during pregnancy improved maternal and perinatal outcomes, while others have shown no benefit and some have reported adverse effects. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effect of prophylactic antibiotics on maternal and perinatal outcomes during th...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002250.pub2
更新日期:2015-01-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epileptic seizures occur in only a minority of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but can have serious consequences. The available literature suggests an association of seizures in MS with cortical and subcortical demyelinating lesions, which suggest that seizures in MS are probably most often symptomati...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007150.pub2
更新日期:2009-07-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Delirium occurs in 30% of hospitalised patients and is associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased morbidity and mortality. The results of uncontrolled studies have been unclear, with some suggesting that benzodiazepines may be useful in controlling non-alcohol related delirium. OBJECTIVES:To dete...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006379.pub2
更新日期:2009-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is a condition that results in the overflow of tears (epiphora) or infection of the nasolacrimal sac (dacryocystitis). The etiology of acquired NLDO is multifactorial and is not fully understood. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the surgical correction of NLDO, which aims t...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012309.pub2
更新日期:2020-04-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The health benefits of physical activity and exercise are well documented and these effects could help people with schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES:To determine the mental health effects of exercise/physical activity programmes for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses. SEARCH STRATEGY:We sear...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004412.pub2
更新日期:2010-05-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Genital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis are the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Screening of sexually active young adults to detect and treat asymptomatic infections might reduce chlamydia transmission and prevent reproductive tract morbidity, particularly pelvic...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010866.pub2
更新日期:2016-09-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic pulmonary infection is a hallmark of lung disease in cystic fibrosis. Infections dominated by organisms of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of at least 18 closely-related species of gram-negative bacteria, are particularly difficult to treat. These infections may be associated with a fulmina...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009529.pub3
更新日期:2016-01-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) delivers nicotine without the toxic chemicals present in tobacco smoke. It is an effective smoking cessation aid in non-pregnant smokers, but there is less evidence of effectiveness in pregnancy. Systematic review evidence suggests that pregnant women do not adhere to NRT a...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013629
更新日期:2020-05-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The suggestion that garlic may lower blood pressure, inhibit platelet aggregation, and reduce oxidative stress has led to the hypothesis that it may have a role in preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of garlic on prevention of pre-eclampsia and its complications....
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006065
更新日期:2006-07-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:High intracranial pressure (ICP) is the most frequent cause of death and disability after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is usually treated with general maneuvers (normothermia, sedation, etc.) and a set of first-line therapeutic measures (moderate hypocapnia, mannitol, etc.). When these measures fa...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003983.pub3
更新日期:2019-12-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bacterial vaginosis is an imbalance of the normal vaginal flora with an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria and a lack of the normal lactobacillary flora. Bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy has been associated with poor perinatal outcome and, in particular, preterm birth. Identification and treatment may redu...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000262.pub2
更新日期:2005-01-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was the main form of treatment in China for psychiatric illnesses until the development of antipsychotic drugs in the 1950's. Antipsychotic drugs have become the primary intervention for schizophrenia, although herbal medicines can still form part of the treatment. OBJECTI...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003444.pub2
更新日期:2005-10-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Decision aids are interventions designed to help people make specific and deliberative choices among options (including status quo) by providing (at a minimum) information on the options and outcomes relevant to a person's health status. A systematic review is needed to summarize what is known about their ef...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001431
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a rare but serious neonatal pathogen. Prior to the availability of antiviral drugs the mortality associated with all but localised neonatal infection was high, with 85% of infants with disseminated HSV infection and 50% of infants with encephalitis dying by one year of age. The ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004206.pub2
更新日期:2009-07-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid. Endogenous biosynthesis may be insufficient for tissue needs in states of metabolic stress. Evidence exists that glutamine supplementation improves clinical outcomes in critically ill adults. It has been suggested that glutamine supplementation may also bene...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001457.pub5
更新日期:2016-01-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exit interviews are widely used in healthcare organisations to identify reasons for staff attrition, yet their usefulness in limiting turnover is unclear. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effectiveness of various exit interview strategies in decreasing turnover rates amongst healthcare professionals. SEARCH MET...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006620.pub4
更新日期:2014-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Long term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease is associated with the development of motor complications including abnormal involuntary movements and a shortening response to each dose (wearing off phenomenon). It is thought that dopamine agonists can reduce the duration of immobile off periods and the ne...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001518
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A nursing record system is the record of care planned and/or given to individual patients/clients by qualified nurses or other caregivers under the direction of a qualified nurse. Nursing record systems may be an effective way of influencing nurse practice. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of nursing record...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002099
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Testing for carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) in the blood is a recommended part of follow-up to detect recurrence of colorectal cancer following primary curative treatment. There is substantial clinical variation in the cut-off level applied to trigger further investigation. OBJECTIVES:To determine the diagn...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011134.pub2
更新日期:2015-12-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pulmonary rehabilitation has become a cornerstone in the management of patients with stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Systematic reviews have shown large and important clinical effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in these patients. In unstable COPD patients who have suffered from an exace...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005305.pub2
更新日期:2009-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Oral cancer is an important global healthcare problem, its incidence is increasing and late-stage presentation is common. Screening programmes have been introduced for a number of major cancers and have proved effective in their early detection. Given the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with or...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004150.pub3
更新日期:2010-11-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anaemia affects about a quarter of the world's population. An estimated 50% of anaemic people have anaemia due to iron deficiency. OBJECTIVES:To assess the safety and efficacy of iron therapies for the treatment of adults with anaemia who are not pregnant or lactating and do not have chronic kidney disease....
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010640.pub2
更新日期:2014-12-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Herbal medicines are being used as a treatment for viral diseases such as viral myocarditis and numerous clinical trials have been conducted to investigate their efficacy. Despite this wealth of evidence, the role of herbal medicines in the treatment of viral myocarditis is yet to be established. This is an ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003711.pub4
更新日期:2012-11-14 00:00:00