Abstract:
:Microglia are resident cells of the brain involved in regulatory processes critical for development, maintenance of the neural environment, injury and repair. They belong to the monocytic-macrophage lineage and serve as brain immune cells to orchestrate innate immune responses; however, they are distinct from other tissue macrophages due to their relatively quiescent phenotype and tight regulation by the CNS microenvironment. Microglia actively survey the surrounding parenchyma and respond rapidly to changes such that any disruption to neural architecture or function can contribute to the loss in regulation of the microglia phenotype. In many models of neurodegeneration and neurotoxicity, early events of synaptic degeneration and neuronal loss are accompanied by an inflammatory response including activation of microglia, perivascular monocytes, and recruitment of leukocytes. In culture, microglia have been shown to be capable of releasing several potentially cytotoxic substances, such as reactive oxygen intermediates, nitric oxide, proteases, arachidonic acid derivatives, excitatory amino acids, and cytokines; however, they also produce various neurotrophic factors and quench damage from free radicals and excitotoxins. As the primary source for pro-inflammatory cytokines, microglia are implicated as pivotal mediators of neuroinflammation and can induce or modulate a broad spectrum of cellular responses. Neuroinflammation should be considered as a balanced network of processes whereby subtle modifications can shift the cells toward disparate outcomes. For any evaluation of neuroinflammation and microglial responses, within the framework of neurotoxicity or degeneration, one key question in determining the consequence of neuroinflammation is whether the response is an initiating event or the consequence of tissue damage. As examples of environmental exposure-related neuroinflammation in the literature, we provide an evaluation of data on manganese and diesel exhaust particles.
journal_name
Int J Environ Res Public Healthauthors
Kraft AD,Harry GJdoi
10.3390/ijerph8072980subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-07-01 00:00:00pages
2980-3018issue
7eissn
1661-7827issn
1660-4601pii
ijerph8072980journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Diesel fuel is known to emit pollutants that have a negative impact on environmental and human health. In developing countries like South Africa, attendants are employed to pump fuel for customers at service stations. Attendants refuel vehicles with various octane unleaded fuel, lead-replacement petrol and diesel fuel...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph120404101
更新日期:2015-04-13 00:00:00
abstract::Negative stereotypes about older workers can result in ageism and age discrimination in the workplace. The aim of this study is to carry out an adaptation to Spanish and a preliminary validation of the Nordic Age Discrimination Scale (NADS) in a sample of Spanish workers over 55 years of age. The study involved 209 em...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph16081431
更新日期:2019-04-22 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension has become the leading cause of death worldwide; data on hypertension among Nanchang adults are sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and gender-specific influencing factors of hypertension in adults in Nanchang, China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a representative...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph15020382
更新日期:2018-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Worldwide, diverse racial/ethnic groups have disproportionately higher drowning rates. Learning to swim and wearing life jackets decrease drowning risk. We evaluated aquatic facilities' policies regarding use of life jackets, clothing, and diapers through a lens of social justice, equity, and inclusion to ensure they ...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17186440
更新日期:2020-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::In September 2018, India launched Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), a nationally implemented government-funded health insurance scheme to improve access to quality inpatient care, increase financial protection, and reduce unmet need for the most vulnerable population groups. This protocol describes the method...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17217812
更新日期:2020-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the effect of sildenafil on erectile dysfunction (ED) and psychosocial outcomes in alcohol-dependent (AD) men, 108 men with these diagnoses were randomly assigned to either take sildenafil (50 mg) as add-on to standard treatment for AD, or the same treatment without sildenafil, for 12 weeks. Only 50 patient...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.3390/ijerph6092510
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dengue´s re-emerging epidemiology poses a major global health threat. In India, dengue contributes significantly to the global communicable disease burden, and has been declared highly endemic. This study aims to identify and critically appraise India's dengue surveillance system. We conducted a systematic literature ...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph16040661
更新日期:2019-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::Overseas travel to regions where ticks are found can increase travellers' exposure to ticks and pathogens that may be unfamiliar to medical professionals in their home countries. Previous studies have detailed non-native tick species removed from recently returned travellers, occasionally leading to travel-associated ...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17217957
更新日期:2020-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::As the worldwide popularity of animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) increases, the fieldis quickly approaching a paradigm shift, adjusting its image to incorporate more evidence-basedresearch and aligning its purpose for advancing a new future. Contemporary critical issues thatconfront the field today include, but are...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijerph16203997
更新日期:2019-10-18 00:00:00
abstract::The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed everyday life, and policy makers have raised concerns about possible changes in gambling patterns during the pandemic. This study aimed to examine whether self-reported gambling has increased during the pandemic, and to examine potential correlates of such a change. This ...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17114013
更新日期:2020-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::Estimating the benefits of preventing child maltreatment (CM) is essential for policy makers to determine whether there are significant returns on investment from interventions to prevent CM. The aim of this study was to estimate the benefits of preventing CM deaths in an Ecuadorian population, and to compare the resu...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph10041342
更新日期:2013-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria is one of the highest contributors to morbidity and mortality in Zimbabwe. However, there is paucity of knowledge regarding disability adjusted life years (DALYs) as a measure of burden of malaria in affected communities. The DALYs metric was used to assess the burden of malaria in Gwanda District with the aim...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph13020244
更新日期:2016-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Short-term health effects of ambient PM2.5 have been established with numerous studies, but evidence in Asian countries is limited. This study aimed to investigate the short-term effects of PM2.5 on acute health outcomes, particularly all-cause, cardiovascular, respiratory, cerebrovascular and neuropsychological outco...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph15020307
更新日期:2018-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the uptake of tobacco smoking declining in the United Kingdom (UK), smoking is still the leading cause of preventable poor health and premature death. While improved approaches to smoking cessation are necessary, encouraging and assisting smokers to switch by using substantially less toxic non-tobacco nicotine...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph15091914
更新日期:2018-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims to verify the efficacy of exercise programs designed to prevent and treat hypertension-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD) by analyzing the effects of a 6-month active aerobic exercise program, administered to prehypertensive elderly women, on reducing the risk of developing CVD by enhancing their phy...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17165910
更新日期:2020-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::Settlement is a complex process of adjustment for migrants and refugees. Drawing on recent research on the settlement experiences of Kiribati migrants and their families living in New Zealand, this article examines the role of housing as an influencer of the settlement and health of Kiribati migrants. Using qualitativ...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph14101237
更新日期:2017-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::In this community based research initiative, we employed a survey instrument predominately developed and administered by Teen Educators to assess occupational health risks for Haitian, Salvadoran, and Brazilian immigrants (n = 405) in Somerville, MA, USA. We demonstrate that a combined analysis of ethnicity, years in ...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph9124452
更新日期:2012-12-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:"SOS teeth" are defined as the first priority teeth for treatment, that have distinct cavitation reaching the pulp chamber or only root fragments are present. OBJECTIVES:To assess the prevalence and distribution of SOS teeth with regard to age and sex difference among young to middle-aged adults. METHODS:T...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17134847
更新日期:2020-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::Background: The European Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID) guidelines for acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHOM) have been published recently. In uncomplicated cases, an early (2-4 days) switch to oral empirical therapy, preferentially with flucloxacillin, is recommended in low methicillin-resistant St...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph16193557
更新日期:2019-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies on residential radon exposure and the risk of histological types of lung cancer have yielded inconsistent results. We conducted a meta-analysis on this topic and updated previous related meta-analyses. We searched the databases of Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and Chinese Nat...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.3390/ijerph17041457
更新日期:2020-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how junior athletes perceive injury risks when participating in sport and the environment they play in is an important component of injury prevention. This study investigates how Sri Lankan junior cricketers (n = 365, aged 11-14 years, boys) perceive injury risks associated with playing cricket. The stud...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph14080946
更新日期:2017-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::Female genital schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Schistosoma haematobium. Infected females may suffer from symptoms mimicking sexually transmitted infections. We explored if self-reported history of unsafe water contact could be used as a simple predictor of genital schistosomiasis. In a cross-...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph13111135
更新日期:2016-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::Prior studies show that perceived smoking prevalence is a significant predictor of smoking initiation. In this study, we examine racial/ethnic differences in perceived smoking prevalence and racial/ethnic differences in exposure to contextual factors associated with perceived smoking prevalence. We used cross-sectiona...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph7124152
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::By 15 April 2020, more than 1.5 billion students worldwide experienced school closures in an effort to slow the spread of a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), during the worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. These interruptions in formal in-person educati...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17176371
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication cycle is a dynamic intracellular process occurring in three-dimensional space (3D), which is difficult both to capture experimentally and to visualize conceptually. HCV-generated replication factories are housed within virus-induced intracellular structures termed membranous...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph16030513
更新日期:2019-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::China's industry accounts for 46.8% of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and plays an important strategic role in its economic growth. On the other hand, industrial wastewater is also the major source of water pollution. In order to examine the relationship between the underlying driving forces and various env...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph9062226
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cessation of dewatering following underground mine closure typically results in groundwater rebound, because mine voids and surrounding strata undergo flooding up to the levels of the decant points, such as shafts and drifts. SIMPL (Simplified groundwater program In Mine workings using the Pipe equation and Lumped par...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph15050951
更新日期:2018-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::The Chinese Government has played an important role in organizing the evacuation of typhoon disasters, and in-depth analysis of individual behavioral decisions is a prerequisite for adopting an effective emergency organization plan. Existing evacuation plans only consider how the Government issues the early warning an...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17030682
更新日期:2020-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::The changing climatic conditions coupled with fodder availability have posed severe challenges and threats for the dairy sector in Pakistan. The current paper determines the influence of climate change on the dairy sector in Pakistan. Comprehensive data set was collected from 450 farmers. The majority of farmers exper...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph16204036
更新日期:2019-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::The main research objective of this study was seeking the predictive role of closeness to parents, attachment, identity style, identity commitment, type of relationship, and having children in intimacy among young women and men. Many studies indicate differences in the level of engagement, communication, and satisfact...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph16224447
更新日期:2019-11-13 00:00:00