Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:This study analyzes the prevalence and associated factors for smoking and passive smoking among young people. METHODS:The data are derived from a subsample of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), carried out by the Robert Koch Institute between May 2003 and May 2006 (n = 6813, age = 11 to 17 years). This analysis considers current smoking status ("yes" or "no") and exposure to passive smoke ("several times a week or daily" versus "once a week or less frequently"). Social and educational status, parental smoking, and smoking status of friends were considered as associated factors. RESULTS:In the 11 to 17 year old group, 20.5% of boys and 20.3% of girls smoked. Of those who did not smoke, 40% reported passive smoking exposure daily or several times a week. Important associated factors for smoking are educational status, parental smoking, and in particular the smoking status of friends. For passive smoking exposure, parental smoking status was of paramount significance. DISCUSSION:These results show that adolescents are an important target group for anti-smoking interventions and that the main settings for these interventions are the school, the family, and the peer group.
journal_name
Dtsch Arztebl Intjournal_title
Deutsches Arzteblatt internationalauthors
Lampert Tdoi
10.3238/arztebl.2008.0265subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-04-01 00:00:00pages
265-71issue
15issn
1866-0452journal_volume
105pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:With improved cure rates of cancer in children and adolescents, the long-term effects of oncological treatment, including impaired fertility, have become an important clinical issue. METHODS:In 2008, we conducted a nationwide survey in Germany in which we asked 4689 female and male patients who had been tre...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0126
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:25% of all women report involuntary loss of urine, and 7% may require treatment. METHODS:This review is based on a selection of pertinent literature, including guidelines and Cochrane reviews. RESULTS:The assessment of pelvic floor dysfunction in women begins with a basic evaluation that is followed by spe...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0564
更新日期:2015-08-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sepsis, the most severe manifestation of acute infection, poses a major challenge to health care systems around the world. To date, adequate data on the incidence and mortality of sepsis in Germany have been lacking. METHODS:Nationwide case-related hospital DRG statistics for the years 2007-2013 were used t...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2016.0159
更新日期:2016-03-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Numerous studies from around the world have shown a positive association between case numbers and the quality of medical care. The evidence to date suggests that conformity to guidelines for the treatment of patients with breast cancer is better in German hospitals that have higher case numbers. METHODS:We ...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0585
更新日期:2015-08-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Some hematological malignancies arise in persons with a hereditary predisposition. The hereditary nature of these diseases often goes unrecognized, particularly when symptoms begin in adulthood. METHODS:This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed. RESULTS:Many r...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0848
更新日期:2018-12-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effectiveness of intraoral appliances (IOA), maxillary expansion (ME), and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) in the treatment of children and adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has not yet been adequately assessed. METHODS:An umbrella review was performed based on established guidelines for evi...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0200
更新日期:2018-03-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pilonidal disease is an acute or chronic infection in the subcutaneous fatty tissue, mainly in the natal cleft. Its incidence in Germany in 2012 was 48 cases per 100 000 persons per year. METHODS:This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective literature search. RESULTS:The numerous...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2019.0012
更新日期:2019-01-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An estimated 1.4 to 2.6 million people in German suffer from drug dependence. Most of them are long-term users of benzodiazepines (BZD), Z drugs (ZD), or opioid analgesics (OA). METHODS:This analysis is based on prescription data from patients of the national statutory health insurance system in the German ...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2019.0607
更新日期:2019-09-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hoarseness (dysphonia) is the reason for about 1% of all consultations in primary care. It has many causes, ranging from self-limited laryngitis to malignant tumors of the vocal cords. METHODS:This review is based on literature retrieved by a selective search in PubMed employing the terms "hoarseness," "hoa...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0329
更新日期:2015-05-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is 4 to 7 times higher in cancer patients than in the normal population. Moreover, cancer patients who take anticoagulants suffer more frequently from hemorrhagic complications and VTE recurrences. Patients often find low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) treatment unpl...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2019.0031
更新日期:2019-01-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The German Federal Law on Radiation Control contains no special provisions for X-ray studies in children and adolescents, even though exposure to ionizing radiation must be kept especially low in young persons, because their tissues are highly radiosensitive. Children, who have many years left to live, are m...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0407
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although the number of elderly patients with fractures is increasing, there have been only a few studies to date of the efficacy of collaborative treatment by trauma surgeons and geriatricians. METHODS:Data on patients over age 75 with femoral neck, trochanteric, proximal humeral, and pelvic ring fractures ...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0113
更新日期:2015-02-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clostridium difficile infections are becoming more common, more severe, and more likely to recur. Conventional treatment with antibiotics often fails to eradicate the infection; even when it succeeds, recurrent infection is common. Complementary treatment with probiotic agents to reconstitute the physiologic...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0108
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The German Standing Committee on Vaccination Recommendations (Ständige Impfkommission, STIKO) recommends standard vaccination against pneumococcal infections for all persons aged 60 or older, and for all persons of any age with an increased health risk. It is not known how many persons in the target group in...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0743
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a degenerative vasculopathy that is classically associated with lobar intracerebral or sulcal hemorrhage. Its prevalence is estimated at 30% in the seventh decade and 50% in the eighth and ninth decades. In this review, we summarize the risks linked to CAA with respect to...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0037
更新日期:2017-01-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), arterial stenosis or occlusion impairs perfusion in the territory of the distal portion of the aorta and the iliac and leg arteries. In Germany, the prevalence of PAOD rises with age, reaching 20% among persons over age 70. METHODS:This guideline was prepared...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2016.0729
更新日期:2016-10-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Infections with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria are hard to treat and cause high morbidity and mortality. The direct transmission of such pathogens is well documented, and measures to protect other patients would seem indicated. Nonetheless, evidence-based recommendations are not yet available bec...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0039
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prostatic cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men in Germany. The goal of this review is to define the indication for hormonal treatment in patients over age 70. METHODS:A selective search of the literature up to 2008 for the terms "prostate cancer", "androgen suppression and deprivation", "hormone th...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0242
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most meniscus lesions are of non-traumatic origin. The indications for partial meniscectomy are controversial. METHODS:We systematically searched the literature for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing partial meniscectomy with non-surgical treatment. RESULTS:Of 6870 articles retrieved by the lite...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0705
更新日期:2015-10-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Atraumatic necrosis of the femoral head is a common cause of hip arthrosis in middle age. In Germany, it affects 5000-7000 patients per year, corresponding to an incidence of 0.01%. Though rarer than primary hip arthrosis, it is still of major clinical and socio-economic significance. Patients with this prob...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2016.0031
更新日期:2016-01-22 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Despite recent advances in their treatment, schizophrenic disorders are still among the diseases that most severely impair patients' quality of life. For this reason, centers for the early recognition of schizophrenic disorders have come into existence worldwide. In these centers, much effort is devoted to...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2008.0532
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent years have seen major changes in the diagnosis and treatment of solid intraocular tumors, mainly owing to an improved molecular biological understanding of their pathogenesis, new therapeutic approaches for the local treatment of tumors in children, and long-term follow-up observations in clinical tri...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0106
更新日期:2018-02-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Military missions abroad carry a high risk of psychological traumatization. In this study, we examined the reasons for increased utilization of the treatments offered to soldiers by the German armed forces' psychiatric services. METHOD:We analyzed trends in initial contacts with psychiatrists and psychoth...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0569
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent years have seen a marked increase in laser-pointerrelated injuries, which sometimes involve severe retinal damage and irreversible visual impairment. These injuries are often caused by untested or incorrectly classified devices that are freely available over the Internet. METHODS:We reviewed pertinen...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0831
更新日期:2017-12-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Otitis externa has a lifetime prevalence of 10% and can arise in acute, chronic, and necrotizing forms. METHODS:This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective search of the pertinent literature. RESULTS:The treatment of acute otitis media consists of anal- gesia, cleansing of the external au...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2019.0224
更新日期:2019-03-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dermatologists, paediatricians, and general practitioners are often consulted by worried parents for the evaluation of a cutaneous tumor. METHODS:Selective literature review. RESULTS:Only 1-2% of skin tumors excised in children turn out to be malignant when examined histologically. Warning signs of maligna...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0347
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In view of the rise in antibiotic resistance and Clostridium difficile superinfection, close monitoring of antibiotic prescribing practices is essential so that targeted quality assurance measures can be taken. METHODS:We analyzed nationwide data from multiple statutory health insurance carriers on prescrip...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2016.0454
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite sparse documentation of their long-term therapeutic effects and side effects, antipsychotic drugs have come to be prescribed more frequently for children and adolescents in recent years, both in the USA and in Europe. No current data are available about antipsychotic prescriptions for this age group ...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0025
更新日期:2014-01-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The randomized, controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard of scientific evidence for the attribution of clinical effects (benefits and harms) to medical interventions. Many different designs for RCTs have been developed in order to counter legitimate critical objections and to better adapt the trials to th...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0635
更新日期:2017-09-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Eliminating measles in Europe by 2015 is a WHO health goal. In Germany, physicians are legally required to report measles cases, yet it seems likely that reporting is less than universal. The goal of this study is to compare the number of measles cases that are reflected by data from the statutory health ins...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0191
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00