Effectiveness of early switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics in severe community acquired pneumonia: multicentre randomised trial.

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a new triple S recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in a cohort of healthy people in whom currently licensed hepatitis B vaccines had persistently not induced an immune response. DESIGN:Single centre, randomised, double blind, dose-response study. SETTING:Rese...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Zuckerman JN,Sabin C,Craig FM,Williams A,Zuckerman AJ

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy of a newly developed system for applying continuous or intermittent negative (subatmospheric) extrathoracic pressure in respiratory failure. DESIGN:Uncontrolled clinical trials in infants deteriorating or failing to improve despite standard medical treatment. SETTING:Paediatric and ne...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Samuels MP,Southall DP

更新日期：1989-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe the characteristics at birth of children conceived by in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or by gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and to assess whether they differ from those of children conceived naturally. DESIGN:Survey of children resulting from IVF or GIFT and comparison of their characteristics...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors：

更新日期：1990-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia associated with coronary artery disease in diabetic subjects with that in controls of similar age and sex. DESIGN:A controlled study in which subjects with positive findings on exercise electrocardiography, 24 hour electrocardiographic recording, or dy...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Koistinen MJ

更新日期：1990-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To report the sensitivities of the faecal occult blood test, screening episode, and screening programme for colorectal cancer and the benefits of applying a randomised design at the implementation phase of a new public health policy. DESIGN:Experimental design incorporated in public health evaluation using ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Malila N,Oivanen T,Malminiemi O,Hakama M

更新日期：2008-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the accuracy of physicians' clinical predictions of survival in terminally ill cancer patients. DATA SOURCES:Cochrane Library, Medline (1996-2000), Embase, Current Contents, and Cancerlit databases as well as hand searching. STUDY SELECTION:Studies were included if a physician's tem...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Glare P,Virik K,Jones M,Hudson M,Eychmuller S,Simes J,Christakis N

更新日期：2003-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate associations between maternal overweight and obesity and infant mortality outcomes, including cause-specific mortality. DESIGN:Population based cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS:1,857,822 live single births in Sweden 1992-2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Associations between maternal body ma...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Johansson S,Villamor E,Altman M,Bonamy AK,Granath F,Cnattingius S

更新日期：2014-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Accumulating data indicate that modifications in diet may reduce the risk of cancer by as much as one third and possibly by as much as two thirds. On the basis of the existing evidence, however, it is not possible to be certain which cancers are causally related to diet and what proportion of them are due to specific ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Austoker J

更新日期：1994-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To characterise the complete case series of influenza A/H7N9 infections as of 27 May 2013, detected by China's national sentinel surveillance system for influenza-like illness. DESIGN:Case series. SETTING:Outpatient clinics and emergency departments of 554 sentinel hospitals across 31 provinces in mainland ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Ip DK,Liao Q,Wu P,Gao Z,Cao B,Feng L,Xu X,Jiang H,Li M,Bao J,Zheng J,Zhang Q,Chang Z,Li Y,Yu J,Liu F,Ni MY,Wu JT,Cowling BJ,Yang W,Leung GM,Yu H

更新日期：2013-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the associations between different antidepressant treatments and the rates of suicide and attempted suicide or self harm in people with depression. DESIGN:Cohort study. SETTING:Patients registered with UK general practices contributing data to the QResearch database. PARTICIPANTS:238,963 patients...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Coupland C,Hill T,Morriss R,Arthur A,Moore M,Hippisley-Cox J

更新日期：2015-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The author is one of the medical advisers to the judge who led a government inquiry into allegations that an experimental research program at the National Women's Hospital in Auckland, New Zealand, to study the natural course of cervical carcinoma in situ had withheld conventional treatment from some patients. She ar...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Paul C

更新日期：1988-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:An investigation was conducted to determine the vehicle of infection of an outbreak of food poisoning in a large metropolitan building early in 1988. A questionnaire was distributed to 700 people who had eaten in the building during the week of the outbreak, and attack rates for specific food were calculated. Food and...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Mitchell E,O'Mahony M,Lynch D,Ward LR,Rowe B,Uttley A,Rogers T,Cunningham DG,Watson R

更新日期：1989-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The results of the work of the Edinburgh Rehabilitation Medicine Service in one year were evaluated. Over 1400 new patients were seen, of whom 525 were in hospital at the time. Patients most often referred were those who had had cardiovascular accidents, back pain, lower limb amputations, and head injuries and those c...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Roy CW,Arthurs Y,Hunter J,Parker S,McLaren A

更新日期：1988-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:National allocation of resources to regional health authorities and by them to districts is now determined by a weighted capitation formula. The national formula was derived from regression analysis, with hospital utilisation as an index of need for health care--a method which has fundamental limitations. This paper a...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Sheldon TA,Smith GD,Bevan G

更新日期：1993-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the use of the UK clinical aptitude test (UKCAT) in the medical schools admissions process reduces the relative disadvantage encountered by certain sociodemographic groups. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. SETTING:Applicants to 22 UK medical schools in 2009 that were members of the cons...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Tiffin PA,Dowell JS,McLachlan JC

更新日期：2012-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To review the evidence for ethnic differences in susceptibility to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to cardiovascular drugs. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:We searched Medline and Embase to March 2005. Reference lists of identified articles were hand searched for further relevant arti...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： McDowell SE,Coleman JJ,Ferner RE

更新日期：2006-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effects of social deprivation on survival after cardiac surgery and to examine the influence of potentially modifiable risk factors. DESIGN:Analysis of prospectively collected data. Prognostic models used to examine the additional effect of social deprivation on the end points. SETTING:Birming...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Pagano D,Freemantle N,Bridgewater B,Howell N,Ray D,Jackson M,Fabri BM,Au J,Keenan D,Kirkup B,Keogh BE,Quality and Outcomes Research Unit (QuORU) UHB Birmingham.,North West Quality Improvement Programme in Cardiac Interventions (U

更新日期：2009-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:A brief note on the status of the AIDS pandemic, from the Amsterdam VIIIth International Conference on AIDS, warns that the course of the epidemic is not being altered by prevention efforts. AIDS occurs in every country, usually spread by heterosexual contact, so that women are equally affected with men. WHO estimat...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Tanne JH

更新日期：1992-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between long term intake of dietary and supplemental calcium and death from all causes and cardiovascular disease. DESIGN:Prospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING:Swedish mammography cohort, a population based cohort established in 1987-90. PARTICIPANTS:61 433 women (bo...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Michaëlsson K,Melhus H,Warensjö Lemming E,Wolk A,Byberg L

更新日期：2013-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To confirm the findings of pilot studies that interferon alfa is an effective treatment of Europid men with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial of three months treatment with interferon alfa followed by 12 months of observation. SETTING:Outpatient clinic of a tertiary ref...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Brook MG,Chan G,Yap I,Karayiannis P,Lever AM,Jacyna M,Main J,Thomas HC

更新日期：1989-09-09 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate participants' perceptions of the impact on them of an additional six months' training beyond the standard 12 month general practice vocational training scheme. DESIGN:Qualitative study using focus groups. SETTING:General practice vocational training in Northern Ireland. PARTICIPANTS:13 general ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Sibbett CH,Thompson WT,Crawford M,McKnight A

更新日期：2003-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of the US Air Force suicide prevention programme on risk of suicide and other outcomes that share underlying risk factors. DESIGN:Cohort study with quasi-experimental design and analysis of cohorts before (1990-6) and after (1997-2002) the intervention. PARTICIPANTS:5,260,292 US Air F...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Knox KL,Litts DA,Talcott GW,Feig JC,Caine ED

更新日期：2003-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, hepatitis C virus, and HIV in entrants to Irish prisons and to examine risk factors for infection. DESIGN:Cross sectional, anonymous survey, with self completed risk factor questionnaire and oral fluid specimen for antibody testing. SET...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Long J,Allwright S,Barry J,Reynolds SR,Thornton L,Bradley F,Parry JV

更新日期：2001-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare the course and outcome of psychotic illness in a group of Afro-Caribbean patients resident in the United Kingdom and a group of white British patients. DESIGN:Cohort study of consecutive admissions followed up for four years. SUBJECTS:113 patients with psychotic illness of recent onset admitted ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： McKenzie K,van Os J,Fahy T,Jones P,Harvey I,Toone B,Murray R

更新日期：1995-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the risk of breast cancer associated with diagnostic radiation in carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study (GENE-RAD-RISK). SETTING:Three nationwide studies (GENEPSO, EMBRACE, HEBON) in France, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, PARTICIPANTS:1993 female carriers of BRC...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Pijpe A,Andrieu N,Easton DF,Kesminiene A,Cardis E,Noguès C,Gauthier-Villars M,Lasset C,Fricker JP,Peock S,Frost D,Evans DG,Eeles RA,Paterson J,Manders P,van Asperen CJ,Ausems MG,Meijers-Heijboer H,Thierry-Chef I,Hau

更新日期：2012-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the direct and indirect effects of being a twin, maternal smoking, birth weight, and mother's height on blood pressure at ages 9 and 18 years. DESIGN:Longitudinal study. SUBJECTS:Cohort born in 1972-3. SETTING:Dunedin, New Zealand. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Blood pressure at ages 9 and 18 years. RES...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Williams S,Poulton R

更新日期：1999-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To quantify the relative contribution of premorbid and episode specific factors in determining the long term persistence of disabling symptoms of low back pain. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. SETTING:Two general practices in the south Manchester area. PARTICIPANTS:180 patients, who previously participat...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Thomas E,Silman AJ,Croft PR,Papageorgiou AC,Jayson MI,Macfarlane GJ

更新日期：1999-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether failure to adequately adjust for a reported 40% misclassification of use of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) as reported in a Swedish study could have led to a false finding that folic acid increases dizygotic twinning. DESIGN:Modelling with population based data. SETTING:Swedish vital reco...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Berry RJ,Kihlberg R,Devine O

更新日期：2005-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To estimate life expectancy for people with HIV undergoing treatment compared with life expectancy in the general population and to assess the impact on life expectancy of late treatment, defined as CD4 count <200 cells/mm(3) at start of antiretroviral therapy. DESIGN:Cohort study. SETTING:Outpatient HIV c...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： May M,Gompels M,Delpech V,Porter K,Post F,Johnson M,Dunn D,Palfreeman A,Gilson R,Gazzard B,Hill T,Walsh J,Fisher M,Orkin C,Ainsworth J,Bansi L,Phillips A,Leen C,Nelson M,Anderson J,Sabin C

更新日期：2011-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:South African Health Minister Dr. Manto Tshabalala-Msimang was accused of human rights abuse for refusing to supply zidovudine to all HIV-positive pregnant women. The accusations were laid by Dr. Costa Gazi, a South African doctor employed in the state health system with the Human Rights Commission. Dr. Gazi believe...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Sidley P

更新日期：2000-01-29 00:00:00