The silent defense: micro-RNA directed defense against HIV-1 replication.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Formation of a mature core is a crucial event for infectivity of retroviruses such as Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV). The process is triggered by proteolytic cleavage of the polyprotein precursor Gag, which releases matrix, capsid (CA), and nucleocapsid proteins. Once released, CA assembles to form a matu...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Obr M,Hadravová R,DoleŽal M,KříŽová I,Papoušková V,Zídek L,Hrabal R,Ruml T,Rumlová M

更新日期：2014-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A nef gene is present in all primate lentiviral genomes and is important for high viral loads and progression to AIDS in human or experimental macaque hosts of HIV or SIV, respectively. In these hosts, infection of the thymus results in a decreased output of naive T cells that may contribute to the developme...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Van Nuffel A,Ariën KK,Stove V,Schindler M,O'Neill E,Schmökel J,Van de Walle I,Naessens E,Vanderstraeten H,Van Landeghem K,Taghon T,Pulkkinen K,Saksela K,Garcia JV,Fackler OT,Kirchhoff F,Verhasselt B

更新日期：2013-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The recently approved anti-AIDS drug rilpivirine (TMC278, Edurant) is a nonnucleoside inhibitor (NNRTI) that binds to reverse transcriptase (RT) and allosterically blocks the chemical step of DNA synthesis. In contrast to earlier NNRTIs, rilpivirine retains potency against well-characterized, clinically rele...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Johnson BC,Pauly GT,Rai G,Patel D,Bauman JD,Baker HL,Das K,Schneider JP,Maloney DJ,Arnold E,Thomas CJ,Hughes SH

更新日期：2012-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Integration of retroviral DNA into a germ cell can result in a provirus that is transmitted vertically to the host's offspring. In humans, such endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) comprise >8% of the genome. The HERV-K(HML-2) proviruses consist of ~90 elements related to mouse mammary tumor virus, which causes b...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Wildschutte JH,Ram D,Subramanian R,Stevens VL,Coffin JM

更新日期：2014-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We previously demonstrated that primary Th1Th17 cells are highly permissive to HIV-1, whereas Th1 cells are relatively resistant. Molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain unknown. RESULTS:Exposure to replication competent and single-round VSV-G pseudotyped HIV strains provide evidence that s...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Bernier A,Cleret-Buhot A,Zhang Y,Goulet JP,Monteiro P,Gosselin A,DaFonseca S,Wacleche VS,Jenabian MA,Routy JP,Tremblay C,Ancuta P

更新日期：2013-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Although antiretroviral therapy is able to suppress HIV replication in infected patients, the virus persists and rebounds when treatment is stopped. In order to find a cure that can eradicate the latent reservoir, one must be able to quantify the persisting virus. Traditionally, HIV persistence studies have used real-...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Rutsaert S,Bosman K,Trypsteen W,Nijhuis M,Vandekerckhove L

更新日期：2018-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Efficient targeted gene transfer and cell type specific transgene expression are important for the safe and effective expression of transgenes in vivo. Enveloped viral vectors allow insertion of exogenous membrane proteins into their envelopes, which could potentially aid in the targeted transduction of spec...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Ye Z,Harmison GG,Ragheb JA,Schubert M

更新日期：2005-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Combination anti-viral therapies have reduced treatment failure rates by requiring multiple specific mutations to be selected on the same viral genome to impart high-level drug resistance. To determine if the common protease inhibitor resistance mutation L90M is only selected once or repeatedly on different ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kapoor A,Shapiro B,Shafer RW,Shulman N,Rhee SY,Delwart EL

更新日期：2008-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Reducing transmission of HIV-1 through breast milk is needed to help decrease the burden of pediatric HIV/AIDS in society. We have previously reported that alkyl sulfates (i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) are microbicidal against HIV-1 at low concentrations, are biodegradable, have little/no toxicity and a...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Urdaneta S,Wigdahl B,Neely EB,Berlin CM Jr,Schengrund CL,Lin HM,Howett MK

更新日期：2005-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment are associated with changes in lipid levels, insulin resistance and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated these changes in the first 96 weeks of treatment with low-dose stavudine or tenofovir regimens. METHODS:This is a secondary analysis of a doubl...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Vos AG,Chersich MF,Klipstein-Grobusch K,Zuithoff P,Moorhouse MA,Lalla-Edward ST,Kambugu A,Kumarasamy N,Grobbee DE,Barth RE,Venter WD

更新日期：2018-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:With the proliferation of sequence data, great challenges are posed in the correct annotation of endogenous retroviruses, which together comprise up to ten per cent of the genomes of many organisms. It is therefore essential that all sources of information are carefully considered before drawing conclusions concerning...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Young GR,Kassiotis G,Stoye JP

更新日期：2012-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The 16th International Conference on Human Retrovirology: HTLV and Related Retroviruses was held in Montreal, Québec from June 26th to June 30th, 2013 and was therefore hosted by a Canadian city for the first time. The major topic of the meeting was human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) and was covered through distinct...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Barbeau B,Hiscott J,Bazarbachi A,Carvalho E,Jones K,Martin F,Matsuoka M,Murphy EL,Ratner L,Switzer WM,Watanabe T

更新日期：2014-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:For many years, scientists and suppliers have refered to AMV-RT as the reverse transcriptase produced by the Avian Myelobalstosis Virus. This manuscript briefly reviews the molecular basis for biological dependence of AMV for the envelope and RT proteins that are produced by its natural helper the Myeloblastosis Assoc...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Perbal B

更新日期：2008-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related virus (XMRV) was initially identified in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue, particularly in the prostatic stromal fibroblasts, of patients homozygous for the RNASEL R462Q mutation. A subsequent study reported XMRV antigens in malignant prostatic epithelium and associ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Sakuma T,Hué S,Squillace KA,Tonne JM,Blackburn PR,Ohmine S,Thatava T,Towers GJ,Ikeda Y

更新日期：2011-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:In the mid-1990's, researchers hypothesized, based on new viral load data, that HIV-1 causes CD4+ T-cell depletion by direct cytopathic effect. New data from non-human primate studies has raised doubts about this model of HIV-1 pathogenesis. Despite having high levels of viremia, most SIV infections are well tolerated...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Smith SM

更新日期：2006-09-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Emergence of drug-resistant strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a major obstacle to successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected patients. Whether antiviral immunity can augment ART by suppressing replication of drug-resistant HIV-1 in humans is not well understood, but can b...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Metzner KJ,Binley JM,Gettie A,Marx P,Nixon DF,Connor RI

更新日期：2006-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite intensive investigation the mechanism by which HIV-1 reaches the host cell nucleus is unknown. TNPO3, a karyopherin mediating nuclear entry of SR-proteins, was shown to be required for HIV-1 infectivity. Some investigators have reported that TNPO3 promotes HIV-1 nuclear import, as would be expected f...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： De Iaco A,Santoni F,Vannier A,Guipponi M,Antonarakis S,Luban J

更新日期：2013-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The HIV-1 Rev regulatory protein binds as an oligomeric complex to viral RNA mediating nuclear export of incompletely spliced and non-spliced viral mRNAs encoding the viral structural proteins. However, the biological significance of the obligatory complex formation of Rev upon the viral RNA is unclear. RES...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Furnes C,Arnesen T,Askjaer P,Kjems J,Szilvay AM

更新日期：2005-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Retroviruses HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 have homologous genomic structures but differ significantly in pathogenicity. HTLV-1 is associated with Adult T cell Leukemia (ATL), whereas infection by HTLV-2 has no association with neoplasia. Transformation of T lymphocytes by HTLV-1 is linked to the capacity of its oncopro...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Turci M,Lodewick J,Di Gennaro G,Rinaldi AS,Marin O,Diani E,Sampaio C,Bex F,Bertazzoni U,Romanelli MG

更新日期：2012-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The 18 residue tail abutting the SH3 fold that comprises the heart of the C-terminal domain is the only part of HIV-1 integrase yet to be visualized by structural biology. To ascertain the role of the tail region in integrase function and HIV-1 replication, a set of deletion mutants that successively lacked ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Dar MJ,Monel B,Krishnan L,Shun MC,Di Nunzio F,Helland DE,Engelman A

更新日期：2009-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Platelets are associated with HIV in the blood of infected individuals and might modulate viral dissemination, particularly if the virus is directly transmitted into the bloodstream. The C-type lectin DC-SIGN and the novel HIV attachment factor CLEC-2 are expressed by platelets and facilitate HIV transmissio...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Chaipan C,Steffen I,Tsegaye TS,Bertram S,Glowacka I,Kato Y,Schmökel J,Münch J,Simmons G,Gerardy-Schahn R,Pöhlmann S

更新日期：2010-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Early HIV-1 infection causes massive CD4+ T cell death in the gut and translocation of bacteria into the circulation. However, the programmed cell death (PCD) pathways used by HIV-1 to kill CD4+ T cells in the gut, and the impact of microbial exposure on T cell loss, remain unclear. Understanding mucosal HIV...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Steele AK,Lee EJ,Manuzak JA,Dillon SM,Beckham JD,McCarter MD,Santiago ML,Wilson CC

更新日期：2014-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:One facet of the complexity underlying the biology of HIV-1 resides not only in its limited number of viral proteins, but in the extensive repertoire of cellular proteins they interact with and their higher-order assembly. HIV-1 encodes the regulatory protein Tat (86-101aa), which is essential for HIV-1 repl...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Gautier VW,Gu L,O'Donoghue N,Pennington S,Sheehy N,Hall WW

更新日期：2009-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:It has been accepted that HIV buds from the cell surface in T lymphocytes, whereas in macrophages it buds into intracellular endosomes. Recent studies, on the other hand, suggest that HIV preferentially buds from the cell surface even in monocytic cells. However, most studies are based on observations in acu...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Suyama M,Daikoku E,Goto T,Sano K,Morikawa Y

更新日期：2009-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The replication of HBV involves the production of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) from the HBV genome through the repair of virion relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) in the virion. As cccDNA is the transcription template for HBV genomes, it needs to be eliminated from hepatocytes if the eradication of chro...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Suspène R,Thiers V,Vartanian JP,Wain-Hobson S

更新日期：2016-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Susceptibility to HIV-1 and the clinical course after infection show a substantial heterogeneity between individuals. Part of this variability can be attributed to host genetic variation. Initial candidate gene studies have revealed interesting host factors that influence HIV infection, replication and pathogenesis. R...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： van Manen D,van 't Wout AB,Schuitemaker H

更新日期：2012-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are genetic elements with a retroviral origin that are integrated into vertebrate genomes. In felids (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae), ERVs have been described mostly in the domestic cat, and only rarely in wild species. To gain insight into the origins and evolutionary dynamics ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Mata H,Gongora J,Eizirik E,Alves BM,Soares MA,Ravazzolo AP

更新日期：2015-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Upon HIV entry into target cells, viral cores are released and rearranged into reverse transcription complexes (RTCs), which support reverse transcription and also protect and transport viral cDNA to the site of integration. RTCs are composed of viral and cellular proteins that originate from both target and...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Santos S,Obukhov Y,Nekhai S,Bukrinsky M,Iordanskiy S

更新日期：2012-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recognition of microbial products through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) initiates inflammatory responses orchestrated by innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs). As these cells are patrolling mucosal surfaces, a portal of entry for various pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Thibault S,Fromentin R,Tardif MR,Tremblay MJ

更新日期：2009-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Friends and colleagues remember John N. Brady, Ph.D., Chief of the Virus Tumor Biology Section of the Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, who died much too young at the age of 57 on April 27, 2009 of colon cancer. John grew up in Illinois and received his Ph.D. with Dr. Richard Consigli at Kansas State University studyin...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Pise-Masison CA,Marriott SJ

更新日期：2009-05-19 00:00:00