Abstract:
:Cyanobacterial toxins have caused human poisoning in the Americas, Europe and Australia. There is accumulating evidence that they are present in treated drinking water supplies when cyanobacterial blooms occur in source waters. With increased population pressure and depleted groundwater reserves, surface water is becoming more used as a raw water source, both from rivers and lakes/reservoirs. Additional nutrients in water which arise from sewage discharge, agricultural run-off or storm water result in overabundance of cyanobacteria, described as a 'water bloom'. The majority of cyanobacterial water-blooms are of toxic species, producing a diversity of toxins. The most important toxins presenting a risk to the human population are the neurotoxic alkaloids (anatoxins and paralytic shellfish poisons), the cyclic peptide hepatotoxins (microcystins) and the cytotoxic alkaloids (cylindrospermopsins). At the present time the only cyanobacteral toxin family that have been internationally assessed for health risk by the WHO are the microcystins, which cause acute liver injury and are active tumour promoters. Based on sub-chronic studies in rodents and pigs, a provisional Guideline Level for drinking water of 1 microg/L of microcystin-LR has been determined. This has been adopted in legislation in countries in Europe, South America and Australasia. This may be revised in the light of future teratogenicity, reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. The other cyanobacterial toxin which has been proposed for detailed health risk assessment is cylindrospermopsin, a cytotoxic compound which has marked genotoxicity, probable mutagenicity, and is a potential carcinogen. This toxin has caused human poisoning from drinking water, and occurs in water supplies in the USA, Europe, Asia, Australia and South America. An initial health risk assessment is presented with a proposed drinking water Guideline Level of 1 microg/L. There is a need for both increased monitoring data for toxins in drinking water and epidemiological studies on adverse health effects in exposed populations to clarify the extent of the health risk.
journal_name
Int J Environ Res Public Healthauthors
Falconer IR,Humpage ARdoi
10.3390/ijerph2005010043subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-04-01 00:00:00pages
43-50issue
1eissn
1661-7827issn
1660-4601journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The study describes a cluster of 71 malignant mesothelioma cases among Bari residents without asbestos exposure other than residential exposure. This small cohort, as expected, was composed of a majority of females (56.34%) with a M/F ratio of 0.8, ages ≤ 65 years old (52.11%) and the epithelioid morphological type (7...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17082636
更新日期:2020-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::The rate of exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) is relatively high in several countries, including Vietnam, and health issues related to SHS have worsened in recent years, especially for pregnant women and their infants. Enhancement of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) scores of pregnant women in Vietnam could r...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17103744
更新日期:2020-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies have linked both traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and noise to adverse health outcomes, including increased blood pressure, myocardial infarction, and respiratory health. The high correlation between these environmental exposures and their measurement challenges have constrained research on...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph16030308
更新日期:2019-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the effects of different nap durations on attention and physical performance as well as mood states, sleepiness, perceived exertion (RPE), recovery (PRS), and muscle soreness (DOMS) in trained men. Fourteen amateur team sport players (age: 20.3 ± 3.0 years, height: 173.1 ± 6.7 cm, body-mass: 68.1 ±...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17134650
更新日期:2020-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigates the diurnal profiles of locomotive and household activities in older adults with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) using an accelerometer. Furthermore, we examined the effect of chronic pain on their diurnal profiles in both activities. Seventy-one older adults with MSDs (73-89 years) wer...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17155337
更新日期:2020-07-24 00:00:00
abstract::This article examines the processes of technical mediation within familial care networks based on a study of home telecare targeted at older people. Supported by contributions from the actor-network theory as part of the social psychology of science and technology, these processes of technical mediation are analyzed u...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph10073072
更新日期:2013-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics, the occupational context, and the cost of hospitalised work-related traumatic spinal injuries, across New South Wales, Australia. A record-linkage study of hospitalised cases of work-related spinal injury (ICD10-AM code U73.0 or workers compensation) wa...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph15102121
更新日期:2018-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::As service dogs, emotional support dogs, and therapy dogs have become more prevalent in the USA, so too has the controversy surrounding their legitimacy. Yet, there is a lack of objective data regarding the public's understanding of the role played by each of these types of animals, as well as their perceptions regard...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph14060642
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Preventing frailty and its adverse health outcomes is crucial in countries with a large elderly population, such as Japan. Since the long-term care insurance (LTCI) system was launched, the number of certified older adults with LTCI service requirement has continued to increase. This is a serious problem, because the ...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph14050531
更新日期:2017-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) has been conducted to treat hydraulic fracturing-produced water using polyvinylidenedifluoride (PVDF) membranes. Tailoring the surface properties of the membrane is critical in order to reduce the rate of adsorption of dissolved organic species as well as mineral salts. The ...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph16050685
更新日期:2019-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Effort to control dengue transmission requires community participation to ensure its sustainability. We carried out a knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) survey of dengue prevention to inform the design of a vector control intervention. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in June⁻August 2014 among 521 households ...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph16061013
更新日期:2019-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::Many professionals have limited knowledge of how to address health literacy; they need a wider range of health literacy competencies to enhance empowerment and person-centred prevention. We evaluated whether: (1) a comprehensive health literacy training increased self-rated competencies of health professionals to addr...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.3390/ijerph16203923
更新日期:2019-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Physical exercise strongly affects human metabolism and causes biochemical changes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between routine plasma biomarker levels and recovery efficiency in soccer players during an entire competitive match season. The players participating in the study were divided into a mi...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph16183279
更新日期:2019-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::Indoor pollutants can have short- and long-term health effects, especially if exposure occurs during prenatal life or early childhood. This study describe the perceptions, knowledge, and practices of adults concerning indoor environmental pollution. Adults of 18 to 45 years of age were recruited in the department of I...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17207669
更新日期:2020-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::We assume that all institutions and individuals involved in the organization of sport for children and young people should utilize the educational potential of sport. We assessed the quality of referee interactions with children during sports competitions in soccer. Based on the developmental theory and research sugge...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17030905
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Food insecurity is much higher among university students than the general population, and is linked with poorer mental health, diet and academic achievement. The aim of this study was to explore the level of food insecurity among a sample of Australian university students and determine which socio-demographic and stud...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17010060
更新日期:2019-12-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three temporal components of AIDS incidence (i.e., age, period and cohort) on individuals aged 50 or older living in Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). METHODS:Age-specific incidence rates were calculated from 1982-2011. Negative binomial and Poisson mod...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph110807608
更新日期:2014-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Transportation decisions have health consequences that are often not incorporated into policy-making processes. Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is a process that can be used to evaluate health effects of transportation policy. We present a rapid HIA, conducted over eight weeks, evaluating health and economic effects of...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph110808010
更新日期:2014-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::The growing incidence and prevalence of civilization diseases is prompting national and transnational entities to seek instruments that would reverse epidemiological trends. Not without significance is the need to design such solutions that are going to provide an improved relation between the costs incurred to mainta...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17082837
更新日期:2020-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::Recent technological advances introduced conversational agents into homes. Many researchers have investigated how people utilize and perceive them. However, only a small number of studies have focused on how older adults interact with these agents. This study presents a 14-day user study of 19 participants who experie...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17093189
更新日期:2020-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::Physical inactivity is a growing concern in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and globally. Data on physical activity (PA) trends, barriers, and facilitators among adolescents in KSA are scarce. This study aims to identify PA trends amongst adolescents in KSA and associated health and lifestyle behaviors. Data from "Jeelu...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17124464
更新日期:2020-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::Fe2O3, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles (NP) have found various industrial and biomedical applications. However, there are growing concerns among the general public and regulators about their potential environmental and health impacts as their physio-chemical interaction with biological systems and toxic responses of the lat...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17031005
更新日期:2020-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::The global challenges caused by socio-economic inequalities, climate change and environmental damage caused to ecosystems, require changes in human behavior at all organizational levels, including companies, governments, communities, and individuals. In this context, it is important to analyse how social and creative ...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17072527
更新日期:2020-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::Particulate matter (PM) is a key indicator of air pollution and a significant risk factor for adverse health outcomes in humans. PM is not a self-contained pollutant but a mixture of different compounds including chemical and biological fractions. While several reviews have focused on the chemical components of PM and...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijerph13060592
更新日期:2016-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::Air purifiers have become popular among ordinary families. However, it remains controversial whether indoor air purification improves the respiratory health of healthy adults. A randomized crossover intervention study was conducted with 32 healthy individuals. The subjects were categorized into two groups. One group c...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3390/ijerph17103687
更新日期:2020-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::Using the Yellow-River-Source National Park (YRSNP) as a study site, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing and line transect method was used to investigate the number of wild herbivorous animals and livestock, including the kiang (Equus kiang) and Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata). A downscaling algori...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph16224402
更新日期:2019-11-11 00:00:00
abstract::A 3D hydrodynamic and contaminant fate model was implemented for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in Thau lagoon. The hydrodynamic model was tested against temperature and salinity measurements, while the contaminant fate model was assessed against available data collected at different sta...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph7041467
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study is to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of a newly developed instrument-TRACK (observaTion woRk demAnds Childcare worK) for observations of ergonomic work demands in childcare work. Two trained raters conducted thirty hours of concurrent observation of fifteen childcare workers in three differ...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17051607
更新日期:2020-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::(1) Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of enforcement capabilities on the efficacy of two public interventions to improve occupational safety in olive mills. (2) Method: The difference in efficacy was evaluated by comparing the risks detected in two groups in an initial assessment (with ...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph17176426
更新日期:2020-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 33% of normal-length (21⁻35 days) cycles have subclinical ovulatory disturbances and lack sufficient progesterone, although their normal length ensures enough estrogen. Subclinical ovulatory disturbances are related to significant premenopausal spine bone loss (-0.86%/year). Molimina, non-distressing pre...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijerph15051016
更新日期:2018-05-18 00:00:00