Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Freezing of Gait (FOG) can be a serious problem in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is usually refractory to medical treatment. Botulinum toxin (BTX) type A has been reported to relieve FOG in small open label studies. MATERIAL/METHODS:We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study using BTX-B injections on the soleus-gastrocnemius muscle complex of the predominantly affected leg in freezing. Patients were evaluated at baseline and monthly thereafter until endpoint was reached. UPDRS parts II and III, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGIS) and Modified Webster Step-Seconds test were the used to measure efficacy. RESULTS:14 out of 17 patients screened with idiopathic PD and FOG refractory to medical treatment met inclusion criteria for the study. 9 patients were randomized to 5,000 U of BTX-B treatment and 5 patients to placebo. Our cohort had a mean age of 74 years, and average PD duration of 10 years. Based on the CGIS, 1 patient was much improved, 2 patients had minimal improvement, 9 were unchanged from baseline and 2 were minimally worse. There was no significant difference between the treatment and placebo arms in the number of patients improved versus unchanged. There were no significant differences between the treatment and placebo arms in the UPDRS II and III, VAS, or Modified Webster Step-Seconds scores between the treatment and placebo arms, at baseline and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS:5,000 U of BTX-B injected in one leg did not significantly improve FOG. However, since the power of the study was low, a small beneficial effect may have been missed.
journal_name
Med Sci Monitjournal_title
Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical researchauthors
Fernandez HH,Lannon MC,Trieschmann ME,Friedman JHsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-07-01 00:00:00pages
CR282-4issue
7eissn
1234-1010issn
1643-3750pii
4335journal_volume
10pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：:Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by steady, acute abdominal pain of varying severity, often radiating from the epigastrium to the back. Its presentation ranges from a self-limiting mild disorder to a more severe and fulminant disease. Severe acute pancreatitis accounts for 30% of all de...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.12659/MSM.890962
更新日期：2014-09-12 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.907955
更新日期：2018-01-09 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.899966
更新日期：2017-03-31 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.882451
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.12659/MSM.912534
更新日期：2018-10-04 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.889087
更新日期：2013-09-04 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.908589
更新日期：2018-06-20 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.906450
更新日期：2018-07-13 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.899327
更新日期：2016-07-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.890791
更新日期：2014-10-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.902705
更新日期：2017-08-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.898112
更新日期：2016-12-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.912955
更新日期：2019-04-10 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.903660
更新日期：2017-09-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.914182
更新日期：2019-07-27 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.919532
更新日期：2019-11-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of the social self has been a topic of interest to developmental psychologists for some time. With the recent emphasis placed on the effect of the nuclear family and its increasing paucity, researchers have been even more pressed to develop alternate means to aid in the social effects of family and sub...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.898801
更新日期：2016-05-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.914031
更新日期：2019-06-13 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.896071
更新日期：2015-12-30 00:00:00
