Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To assess the extent to which the prevailing model of smoking cessation (that smokers typically prepare their attempts to stop smoking in advance and that doing so increases their chances of success) is correct. DESIGN:Cross sectional household survey. SETTING:England. PARTICIPANTS:918 smokers who reported having made at least one quit attempt and 996 ex-smokers aged 16 and over. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Whether the most recent quit attempt was planned in advance and whether quit attempts made at least six months before resulted in at least six months' abstinence. RESULTS:48.6% of smokers reported that their most recent quit attempt was put into effect immediately the decision to quit was made. Unplanned quit attempts were more likely to succeed for at least six months: among respondents who had made a quit attempt between six months and five years previously the odds of success were 2.6 times higher (95% confidence interval 1.9 to 3.6) in unplanned attempts than in planned attempts; in quit attempts made 6-12 months previously the corresponding figure was 2.5 (1.4 to 4.7). The differences remained after controlling for age, sex, and socioeconomic group. CONCLUSIONS:A model of the process of change based on "catastrophe theory" is proposed, in which smokers have varying levels of motivational "tension" to stop and then "triggers" in the environment result in a switch in motivational state. If that switch involves immediate renunciation of cigarettes, this can signal a more complete transformation than if it involves a plan to quit at some future point.
journal_name
BMJjournal_title
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)authors
West R,Sohal Tdoi
10.1136/bmj.38723.573866.AEkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-02-25 00:00:00pages
458-60issue
7539eissn
0959-8138issn
1756-1833pii
bmj.38723.573866.AEjournal_volume
332pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the most effective tocolytic agent at delaying delivery. DESIGN:Systematic review and network meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Medline In-Process, Embase, and CINAHL up to 17 February 2012. STUDY SELECTION:Randomised controlled trials of toco...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.e6226
更新日期:2012-10-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To explore geographical and sociodemographic factors associated with variation in equity in access to total hip and knee replacement surgery. DESIGN:Combining small area estimates of need and provision to explore equity in access to care. SETTING:English census wards. SUBJECTS:Patients throughout England w...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.c4092
更新日期:2010-08-11 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical effectiveness of cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts. DESIGN:A multicentre, open, two arm randomised controlled trial. SETTING:University podiatry school clinics, NHS podiatry clinics, and primary care in England, Scotland, and Ireland. PARTICIPANTS:...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.d3271
更新日期:2011-06-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate patients' and family members' perceptions and experiences of disclosure of healthcare incidents and to derive principles of effective disclosure. DESIGN:Retrospective qualitative study based on 100 semi-structured, in depth interviews with patients and family members. SETTING:Nationwide mult...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.d4423
更新日期:2011-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::A sample of 106 senior house officers who had graduated from Nottingham University in 1987 was surveyed about their experience of and need for careers guidance, performance appraisal, and stress counselling. Of the 80 who replied, a quarter had received no careers guidance and a quarter no feedback about their work pe...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.300.6722.445
更新日期:1990-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::Doctors and other health professionals in developing countries are missing out on relevant information about health. A lot of the information they need is available in the developed countries, and those who have it are happy to share it with them. But transporting information, like food or medicines, from one part of ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6959.939
更新日期:1994-10-08 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer control encompasses the whole spectrum from prevention and early diagnosis to treatment and palliation. The key to the future of cancer control will be to establish multidisciplinary approaches to each type of cancer across this spectrum. For primary prevention this requires some understanding of the causes of ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6952.449
更新日期:1994-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::An increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease has generally been observed in postmenopausal women, but there have been few studies of the association between menopausal state and atherosclerosis. In this study 294 premenopausal and 319 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 55 were examined radiographically for calc...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6674.642
更新日期:1989-03-11 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine how length of anticoagulation and clinical presentation of venous thromboembolism influence the risk of recurrence after anticoagulant treatment is stopped and to identify the shortest length of anticoagulation that reduces the risk of recurrence to its lowest level. DESIGN:Pooled analysis of in...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmj.d3036
更新日期:2011-05-24 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To study the effects of metformin on the incidence of vitamin B-12 deficiency (<150 pmol/l), low concentrations of vitamin B-12 (150-220 pmol/l), and folate and homocysteine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving treatment with insulin. DESIGN:Multicentre randomised placebo controlled tri...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.c2181
更新日期:2010-05-20 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To quantify the association between stressful life events and exacerbations of multiple sclerosis. DATA SOURCES:PubMed, PsychInfo, and Psychological Abstracts searched for empirical papers from 1965 to February 2003 with terms "stress", "trauma", and "multiple sclerosis". REVIEW METHODS:Three investigators ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.38041.724421.55
更新日期:2004-03-27 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine whether the association of inadequate or unclear allocation concealment and lack of blinding with biased estimates of intervention effects varies with the nature of the intervention or outcome. DESIGN:Combined analysis of data from three meta-epidemiological studies based on collections of meta-an...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.39465.451748.AD
更新日期:2008-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the relative contribution of decline in bone density to the increase in risk of hip fracture with age in men and women. DESIGN:Incidence data of hip fracture from the general population were combined with the bone density distribution in a sample from the same population and with a risk estimate...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7102.221
更新日期:1997-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::A committee of French bishops has contradicted the Vatican's condemnation of all methods of contraception by acknowledging that condom use may be necessary in order to prevent the spread of HIV and protect against AIDS. The Social Commission of the French Episcopate made this statement in a book entitled AIDS: Societ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7029.462a
更新日期:1996-02-24 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study different nutrients and food additives as risk factors for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in childhood. DESIGN:Prospective case-control study. Parents of the children being studied were asked to fill in a questionnaire regarding the children's frequency of consumption of various foods. Parents ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.300.6735.1302
更新日期:1990-05-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate associations between Apgar scores of 7, 8, and 9 (versus 10) at 1, 5, and 10 minutes, and neonatal mortality and morbidity. DESIGN:Population based cohort study. SETTING:Sweden. PARTICIPANTS:1 551 436 non-malformed live singleton infants, born at term (≥37 weeks' gestation) between 1999 and ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.l1656
更新日期:2019-05-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare perinatal outcomes in births of women with versus without a history of bariatric surgery. DESIGN:Population based matched cohort study. SETTING:Swedish national health service. PARTICIPANTS:1,742,702 singleton births identified in the Swedish medical birth register between 1992 and 2009. For eac...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.f6460
更新日期:2013-11-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of emotionalism after stroke, to assess its relation with other mood disorders, and to identify clinical variables with which it is associated. DESIGN:Descriptive study of a cohort of patients consecutively entered on a community stroke register. SETTING:Community based research p...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6679.991
更新日期:1989-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relation between total fat intake and body weight in adults and children. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies. DATA SOURCES:Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to June 2010. INCLUSION CR...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.e7666
更新日期:2012-12-06 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine doctors' perspectives about their experiences with handheld computers in clinical practice. DESIGN:Qualitative study of eight focus groups consisting of doctors with diverse training and practice patterns. SETTING:Six practice settings across the United States and two additional focus group sessi...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7449.1162
更新日期:2004-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::National allocation of resources to regional health authorities and by them to districts is now determined by a weighted capitation formula. The national formula was derived from regression analysis, with hospital utilisation as an index of need for health care--a method which has fundamental limitations. This paper a...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6881.835
更新日期:1993-03-27 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the accuracy of diagnoses of schizophrenia and non-affective psychosis entered by general practitioners on a computer system. To compare recording of clinical events on computer with written records. DESIGN:Examination of case notes of all patients with a computer diagnosis of psychosis. Search...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6895.32
更新日期:1993-07-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of the revised diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus adopted by the American Diabetes Association on prevalence of diabetes and on classification of patients. For epidemiological purposes the American criteria use a fasting plasma glucose concentration >=7.0 mmol/l in contrast with ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7155.371
更新日期:1998-08-08 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To show the influence of variations in case mix on clinical outcome indicators for patients admitted to hospital with acute stroke. DESIGN:"Before and after" cohort study, with prospective, consecutive identification of patients and prospective follow up; multiple logistic regression analyses to correct for ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7045.1503
更新日期:1996-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Objective To determine the efficacy of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for healing of fracture or osteotomy.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and trial registries up to November 2016.Study selection Randomized contro...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.j656
更新日期:2017-02-22 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the association between accidental dural puncture and long term headache and related symptoms. DESIGN:Postal questionnaire survey to elucidate new symptoms occurring after childbirth, and linking of these to data in obstetric and anaesthetic case notes. Women were surveyed between 13 months and ni...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6882.883
更新日期:1993-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine whether total joint arthroplasty of the hip and knee reduces the risk for serious cardiovascular events in patients with moderate-severe osteoarthritis. DESIGN:Propensity score matched landmark analysis. SETTING:Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS:2200 adults with hip or knee osteoarthritis aged 55 or...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.f6187
更新日期:2013-10-30 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy of a newly developed system for applying continuous or intermittent negative (subatmospheric) extrathoracic pressure in respiratory failure. DESIGN:Uncontrolled clinical trials in infants deteriorating or failing to improve despite standard medical treatment. SETTING:Paediatric and ne...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6710.1253
更新日期:1989-11-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the effectiveness of elective single embryo transfer versus double embryo transfer on the outcomes of live birth, multiple live birth, miscarriage, preterm birth, term singleton birth, and low birth weight after fresh embryo transfer, and on the outcomes of cumulative live birth and multiple live b...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.c6945
更新日期:2010-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::A doctor who performed an abortion in Poland faces two years in prison and the loss of his medical license for up to 10 years if he is found guilty of violating the new abortion laws introduced in 1993 after a lengthy campaign by the Catholic church and the Christian Democratic Union party. The new laws permit aborti...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6994.1556a
更新日期:1995-06-17 00:00:00