Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) is typically withheld from breast cancer survivors because of concerns about risk for recurrence. Our objectives were to estimate the effects of HT on recurrence in breast cancer survivors and to examine the reliability of these estimates. METHODS:In a systematic review of the literature we identified all reports of HT use in breast cancer survivors that included comparison groups. Study design features that might affect selection of participants, detection of recurrence, and manuscript publication were assessed. The relative risks for breast cancer recurrence associated with HT were combined with random effects models. RESULTS:Two randomized and eight observational studies included 1,316 breast cancer survivors who used HT and 2,839 nonusers. In the observational studies, HT users were younger and more commonly node negative; only two reported balanced restaging for HT and control groups. Randomized trials suggest that HT increased the risk for recurrence (relative risk 3.41, 95% confidence interval 1.59-7.33), whereas observational studies suggest that HT decreased this risk (relative risk 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.50-0.82). CONCLUSION:Results from observational studies of HT conducted in breast cancer survivors are discrepant with results from randomized trials. Observational studies of HT use in breast cancer survivors have design limitations that cannot be controlled for using standard statistical methods. Therefore, the randomized clinical trial data provide the only reliable estimates of the effect of HT use on recurrence risks in breast cancer survivors.
journal_name
Breast Cancer Resjournal_title
Breast cancer research : BCRauthors
Col NF,Kim JA,Chlebowski RTdoi
10.1186/bcr1035keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
R535-40issue
4eissn
1465-5411issn
1465-542Xpii
bcr1035journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析abstract:INTRODUCTION:Aberrant microenvironment and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are associated with solid-tumor progression. Stress proteins, like heat shock proteins and glucose-regulated proteins, are frequently overexpressed in human tumors. It has been reported that derlin-1 is involved in ER stress response. In vitro...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr1849
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Metastasis of breast cancer is the main cause of death in patients. Previous genome-wide studies have identified gene-expression patterns correlated with cancer patient outcome. However, these were derived mostly from whole tissue without respect to cell heterogeneity. In reality, only a small subpopulatio...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr3344
更新日期:2012-10-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:African American/Black women with breast cancer have poorer survival than White women, and this disparity persists even after adjusting for non-biological factors. Differences in tumor immune biology have been reported between Black and White women, and the tumor immune milieu could potentially drive racial ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/s13058-020-01297-4
更新日期:2020-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::Immunohistochemistry is the most common method for companion diagnostic testing in breast cancer. The readings for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Her2 directly affect prescription of critical therapies. However, immunohistochemistry is highly sensitive to innumerable pre-analytic variables that result i...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1186/bcr2782
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF), which is centrally involved in physiological oxygen homeostasis, is also activated in the majority of tumours. Activation of HIF can occur through genetic mechanisms or as a result of hypoxia within the tumour microenvironment. In some cases HIF activation appears to be intimately lin...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr313
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Breast cancer subtype can be classified using standard clinical markers (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)), supplemented with additional markers. However, automated biomarker scoring and classification schemes have not been standardized. T...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-018-0939-5
更新日期:2018-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::Targeting the function of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has failed as an effective clinical option for breast cancer. Understanding the drivers of inherent resistance has been a challenge. One possible mechanism is the acquisition of stem-like properties through the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transiti...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0448-0
更新日期:2014-09-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several anthropometric measures have been found to be associated with the risk of breast cancer. Current weight, body mass index, and adult weight gain appear to be predictors of postmenopausal breast cancer. These factors have been associated with a reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer. We asked whet...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr1293
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The status of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been recently proposed to predict clinical outcome of patients with breast cancer. We therefore studied the prognostic significance of CD8(+) TILs and FOXP3(+) TILs in residual tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and the alterations in these p...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0632-x
更新日期:2015-09-04 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Experimental evidence suggests a protective role for circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in breast cancer development, but the results of epidemiological studies have been inconsistent. METHODS:We conducted a case-control study nested within two prospective cohorts, the New York University Women's H...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr3390
更新日期:2013-02-26 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer with negative expressions of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), is frequently diagnosed in younger women and has poor prognosis for disease-free and overall survival. Due to the lack...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr3575
更新日期:2013-11-12 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Compromised patterns of gene expression result in genomic instability, altered patterns of gene expression and tumour formation. Specifically, aberrant DNA hypermethylation in gene promoter regions leads to gene silencing, whereas global hypomethylation events can result in chromosomal instability and onco...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr799
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Turnover of several regulatory proteins results from targeted destruction via ubiquitination and subsequent degradation through the proteosome. The timely and irreversible degradation of critical regulators is essential for normal cellular function. The precise biochemical mechanisms that are involved in protein turno...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr542
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anti-angiogenic therapies have demonstrated their value in the setting of advanced cancer, and are being explored for use in micrometastatic disease. Recent preclinical studies suggest that adjuvant anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies may increase the risk of metastasis. How concerning are these p...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2250
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A novel line of research suggests that eating at nighttime may have several metabolic consequences that are highly relevant to breast cancer. We investigated the association between nighttime eating habits after 10 p.m. and breast cancer in Hong Kong women. METHODS:A hospital-based case-control study was co...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0821-x
更新日期:2017-03-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although parity and age at first pregnancy are among the most known extrinsic factors that modulate breast cancer risk, their impact on the biology of subsequent breast cancer has never been explored in depth. Recent data suggest that pregnancy-induced tumor protection is different according to breast cancer...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-019-1111-6
更新日期:2019-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing importance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression in human cancers has led several laboratories to examine in detail the expression of one of its major negative regulators in oncogenesis--the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2). A recent pape...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr3437
更新日期:2013-07-31 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Natural herbal compounds with novel actions different from existing breast cancer (BCa) treatment modalities are attractive for improving therapeutic efficacy and safety. We have recently shown that penta-1,2,3,4,6-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG) induced S-phase arrest in prostate cancer (PCa) cells through in...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2634
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Increased mammographic breast density is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer. While two-thirds of the variation in mammographic density appears to be genetically influenced, few variants have been identified. We examined the association of inherited variation in genes from pathways that med...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr3088
更新日期:2012-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Estrogen receptor α (ER) is a major driver of breast cancer and the target of endocrine therapy. Full disclosure of the cofactors regulating ER interactions with chromatin and its transcriptional regulatory activity is still elusive. Novel genome-wide profiling tools have mapped ER binding events in breast cancer cell...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2849
更新日期:2011-04-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Developing novel strategies against treatment-resistant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells remains a significant challenge. The ErbB family, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays key roles in metastasis, tumorigenesis, cell proliferation, and drug resistance. Recently, these charac...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0662-4
更新日期:2016-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a tumor suppressor, the function of which is compromised in many types of human cancer, including breast cancer. The tumor suppressive effects of TGF-beta are caused by potent inhibition of cell proliferation due to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Such antiproliferative...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr42
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Breast cancers frequently metastasise to the skeleton where they cause osteolytic bone destruction by stimulating osteoclasts to resorb bone and by preventing osteoblasts from producing new bone. The Runt-related transcription factor 2, Runx2, is an important determinant of bone metastasis in breast cancer...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr3048
更新日期:2011-10-27 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:We sought to review the available evidence regarding the effect of psychosocial factors on the survival of breast cancer patients. METHODS:We systematically searched the PubMed and PsycINFO databases to identify relevant studies. RESULTS:We identified 31 studies examining the association of various psych...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1186/bcr1744
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homeobox (HOX) genes play key roles in embryogenesis and tissue differentiation. Recently, a number of groups have reported altered HOX gene expression in breast cancer. However, the mechanism of HOX gene regulation and the search for direct targets of its transcriptional regulatory function have been minimally fruitf...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2600
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 confer a high risk of breast cancer (BC), but the magnitude of this risk seems to vary according to the study and various factors. Although controversial, there are data to support the hypothesis of allelic risk heterogeneity. METHODS:We assessed variation in BC risk according...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr3218
更新日期:2012-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Many women newly diagnosed with breast cancer and with a strong family history of breast cancer are referred to a family cancer service for genetic counselling and for consideration of genetic testing for germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes following completion of their cancer treatment. However, there i...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr2194
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) inhibits the function of taxanes and high expression of MAPT decreases the sensitivity to taxanes. The relationship between estrogen receptor (ER) and MAPT in breast cancer is unclear. In this study, we examined the correlation of MAPT expression with the sensitivi...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2598
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epigenetic changes are critical for development and progression of cancers, including breast cancer. Significant progress has been made in the basic understanding of how various epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, miRNA expression, and higher order chromatin structure affect gene expressi...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr2925
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Breast Cancer Site Group (BCSG) of the National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) Clinical Trials Group (CTG) has conducted a wide variety of clinical trials focussing on large phase III trials of adjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant hormonal therapy, and optimal delivery of adjuvant radiation therapy. The Group has al...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr979
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00