Interventions for infantile esotropia.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Concerns regarding the safety of transfused blood have led to the development of a range of interventions to minimise blood loss during major surgery. Anti-fibrinolytic drugs are widely used, particularly in cardiac surgery and previous reviews have found them to be effective in reducing blood loss and the n...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Henry DA,Carless PA,Moxey AJ,O'Connell D,Stokes BJ,McClelland B,Laupacis A,Fergusson D

更新日期：2007-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Nystatin is sometimes used prophylactically in patients with severe immunodeficiency or in the treatment of fungal infection in such patients, although its effect seems to be equivocal. OBJECTIVES:To study whether nystatin decreases morbidity and mortality when given prophylactically or therapeutically to p...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Gøtzsche PC,Johansen HK

更新日期：2014-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Orthodontic relapse can be defined as the tendency for teeth to return to their pre-treatment position, and this occurs especially in lower front teeth (lower canines and lower incisors). Retention, to maintain the position of corrected teeth, has become one of the most important phases of orthodontic treatm...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Yu Y,Sun J,Lai W,Wu T,Koshy S,Shi Z

更新日期：2013-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Environmental tobacco smoke is a health hazard. Reducing exposure to tobacco smoke in public places is a widespread public health goal. There is, however, considerable variation in the extent to which this goal has been achieved in different settings and societies. There is therefore a need to identify effec...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Serra C,Cabezas C,Bonfill X,Pladevall-Vila M

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Antiglucocorticoids may have antidepressant effects and have been reported to be efficacious in the treatment of severe psychiatric disorders. The efficacy and safety of antiglucocorticoid treatments for mood disorders is the subject of this systematic review. OBJECTIVES:To compare the efficacy and safety o...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Gallagher P,Malik N,Newham J,Young AH,Ferrier IN,Mackin P

更新日期：2008-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant diseases worldwide. The only possibly curative therapeutic option is surgical resection. Due to impaired liver function and/or anatomical reasons only a low percentage of patients can be treated surgically. For the remainder, several non-surg...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Galandi D,Antes G

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was the main form of treatment in China for psychiatric illnesses until the development of antipsychotic drugs in the 1950's. Antipsychotic drugs have become the primary intervention for schizophrenia, although herbal medicines can still form part of the treatment. OBJECTI...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Rathbone J,Zhang L,Zhang M,Xia J,Liu X,Yang Y

更新日期：2005-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In conventional (standard) laparoscopic cholecystectomy, four abdominal ports (two of 10 mm diameter and two of 5 mm diameter) are used. Recently, use of smaller ports have been reported. OBJECTIVES:To assess the benefits and harms of miniport (defined as ports smaller than conventional ports) laparoscopic ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Gurusamy KS,Samraj K,Ramamoorthy R,Farouk M,Fusai G,Davidson BR

更新日期：2010-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Intravenous thrombolytic therapy is the standard care for patients with acute myocardial infarction, based upon its widespread availability and ability to reduce patient mortality well demonstrated in randomised trials. Despite its proven efficacy, thrombolytic therapy has limitations. Many patients are inel...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Cucherat M,Bonnefoy E,Tremeau G

更新日期：2007-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Fluid excess may place people undergoing surgery at risk for various complications. Hypertonic salt solution (HS) maintains intravascular volume with less intravenous fluid than isotonic salt (IS) solutions, but may increase serum sodium. This review was published in 2010 and updated in 2016. OBJECTIVES:To ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Shrum B,Church B,McArthur E,Burns KE,Znajda T,McAlister V

更新日期：2016-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with head and neck cancer are often malnourished. Surgery for such cancers is complex and may be undertaken after a course of radiotherapy. As a result, patients may have postoperative complications such as fistulae and wound infections, as well as more generalised infections such as pneumonia. One ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Howes N,Atkinson C,Thomas S,Lewis SJ

更新日期：2018-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are related conditions with similar clinical features of variable severity. Survival of patients with HUS and TTP has improved greatly over the past two decades with improved supportive care for patients with HUS and by the use o...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Michael M,Elliott EJ,Ridley GF,Hodson EM,Craig JC

更新日期：2009-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Surgical wounds that become infected are often debrided because clinicians believe that removal of this necrotic or infected tissue will expedite wound healing. There are numerous methods available but no consensus on which one is most effective for surgical wounds. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effect of dif...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Smith F,Dryburgh N,Donaldson J,Mitchell M

更新日期：2011-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Combination injectable contraceptives (CICs) provide a highly effective, reversible method of preventing pregnancy, and they do not require daily administration or use at the time of coitus. Although they are used in many countries, their acceptability could be limited by method characteristics, such as the ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Gallo MF,Grimes DA,Lopez LM,Schulz KF,d'Arcangues C

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Operative techniques commonly used for fissure in ano include: anal stretch, open lateral sphincterotomy, closed lateral sphincterotomy, posterior midline sphincterotomy and to a lesser extent dermal flap coverage of the fissure. Reports of direct comparisons between operative techniques for anal fissure are...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Nelson R

更新日期：2005-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hip fracture is a major cause of morbidity in older people and its impact, both on the individual and to society, is substantial. OBJECTIVES:To examine the effects of co-ordinated multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation, compared with usual orthopaedic care, for older patients with hip fracture. SEARCH ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Cameron ID,Finnegan TP,Madhok R,Langhorne P,Handoll HH

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis is a condition resulting in an increased risk of skeletal fractures due to a reduction in the density of bone tissue. Treatment of osteoporosis typically involves the use of pharmacological agents. In general it is thought that disuse (prolonged periods of inactivity) and unloading of the skelet...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Howe TE,Shea B,Dawson LJ,Downie F,Murray A,Ross C,Harbour RT,Caldwell LM,Creed G

更新日期：2011-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:People with Chagas disease (American Trypanosomiasis) may develop progressive and potentially lethal heart conditions. Drugs to eliminate the causative parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, currently in use have limited therapeutic value and are used in early stages of the disease. Extending the use of these drugs to...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Reyes PA,Vallejo M

更新日期：2005-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Combination therapy (inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta2-agonists) and tiotropium are both used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is uncertainty about the relative benefits and harms of these treatments. OBJECTIVES:To compare the relative effects of inhaled co...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Welsh EJ,Cates CJ,Poole P

更新日期：2013-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The majority of complications in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) can occur in the first 24 hours and it has been suggested that spinal injury centres (SICs) may influence the pre-transfer care of people with SCI. The specialist SIC concept has been adopted in a number of high-income countries. However, ev...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Jones L,Bagnall A

更新日期：2004-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:It has long been believed that antibiotics have no role in treating common colds yet they are often prescribed in the belief that they may prevent secondary bacterial infections. Given the increasing concerns about antibiotic resistance it is important to examine the evidence for the benefit of antibiotics f...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Arroll B,Kenealy T

更新日期：2005-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Upper abdominal surgical procedures are associated with a high risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. The risk and severity of postoperative pulmonary complications can be reduced by the judicious use of therapeutic manoeuvres that increase lung volume. Our objective was to assess the effect of incen...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Guimarães MM,El Dib R,Smith AF,Matos D

更新日期：2009-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Penetrating abdominal trauma occurs when the peritoneal cavity is breached. Routine laparotomy for penetrating abdominal injuries began in the 1800s, with antibiotics first being used in World War II to combat septic complications associated with these injuries. This practice was marked with a reduction in s...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Brand M,Goosen J,Grieve A

更新日期：2009-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Antiplatelet agents produce a small, but worthwhile benefit in long-term functional outcome and survival, and have become standard treatment for acute ischaemic stroke. Anticoagulants are often used as an alternative treatment, despite evidence that they are ineffective in producing long-term benefits. We wa...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Berge E,Sandercock P

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid. Endogenous biosynthesis may be insufficient for tissue needs in states of metabolic stress. Evidence exists that glutamine supplementation improves clinical outcomes in critically ill adults. It has been suggested that glutamine supplementation may also bene...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Moe-Byrne T,Brown JV,McGuire W

更新日期：2016-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There are concerns about whether antibiotic therapy confers significant clinical benefit in the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this review was to assess the benefit and harm of antibiotic therapy in the management of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. SEARCH STRATEGY:We sea...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Sheikh A,Hurwitz B

更新日期：2006-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common disorder, for which several surgical treatment options are available. OBJECTIVES:To compare the efficacy of the various surgical techniques in relieving symptoms and promoting return to work and/or activities of daily living and to compare the occurrence of side-effects an...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Scholten RJ,Gerritsen AA,Uitdehaag BM,van Geldere D,de Vet HC,Bouter LM

更新日期：2004-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Orthodontic treatment involves using fixed or removable appliances (dental braces) to correct the positions of teeth. The success of a fixed appliance depends partly on the metal attachments (brackets and bands) being glued to the teeth so that they do not become detached during treatment. Brackets (metal sq...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Millett DT,Mandall NA,Mattick RC,Hickman J,Glenny AM

更新日期：2017-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Adenoidectomy, surgical removal of the adenoids, is a common ENT operation worldwide in children with otitis media. A systematic review on the effectiveness of adenoidectomy in this specific group has not previously been performed. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of adenoidectomy versus non-surgical ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： van den Aardweg MT,Schilder AG,Herkert E,Boonacker CW,Rovers MM

更新日期：2010-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic pain following mesh-based inguinal hernia repair is frequently reported, and has a significant impact on quality of life. Whether mesh fixation with glue can reduce chronic pain without increasing the recurrence rate is still controversial. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether tissue adhesives can reduce...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Sun P,Cheng X,Deng S,Hu Q,Sun Y,Zheng Q

更新日期：2017-02-07 00:00:00