Abstract:
:In 1939 Alan Turing, a major scholar in the field of mechanical computation, described a system whose computational power was beyond that of a discrete, finite state machine (Turing Machine). The composition of this system was likely the first example of what is now called an hybrid computational system. Since then, development of neural networks and brain automata has made aware that forms of computation might exist that are likely to go beyond Turing's limits. Natural systems, like the central nervous system in Mammals and man, are likely to use such a type of computation, especially to perform highly integrating activities, like feedback controls and mental creative processes. The latter are usually understood as processes that involve infinitary procedures, ending up in a complex information network, the computational maps, in which both digital, Turing-like computation and continuous, analog forms of calculus are expected to occur. Pictorial representation may be a fruitful example, mostly metaphorical, to analyze the use of this hybrid forms of computation by higher order computational maps, and the possible role of these types of computational processes in painting creativity is briefly analyzed in comparing 15th vs 16th century Renaissance Art. An open challenge for neuroscience in the 21st century is to clarify whether a hybrid neural learning network might represent a reasonable clue to scientifically interpret the theme of "creativity".
journal_name
J Endocrinol Investjournal_title
Journal of endocrinological investigationauthors
Sandri Gkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
9-22issue
6 Suppleissn
0391-4097issn
1720-8386journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The outcome of radioiodine therapy of Graves' hyperthyroidism was retrospectively evaluated in 274 consecutive patients treated from 1975 to 1984. At 1-yr follow-up, permanent hypothyroidism occurred in 36.9% of patients and the cumulative incidence of hypothyroidism progressively increased up to 79.3% after 7-10 yr. ...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03348615
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The underlying mechanism leading to carcinogenesis involves genomic instability, likely related to aneuploidy. While p53 as a "guardian of the genome" is an appealing candidate as an initiator of genomic instability, its mutations or deletions usually occur late in the course of tumor progression. P53 may, however, be...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF03343889
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic brain injury (TBI) combined with fractures of long bones or large joints is often associated with enhanced osteogenesis (early fracture healing accompanied by hypertrophic callus formation and/or heterotopic ossifications). Humoral factors that cause enhanced osteogenesis in patients with TBI are not yet ide...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03350319
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and prolactin (PRL) in blood and urine were observed in 20 patients with acromegaly in a double-blind placebo-controlled 14-day clinical trial with the somatostatin analog octreotide. Hormones were determined by the same radioimmunoassays in blood and urine. Si...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03348824
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We previously demonstrated that patients suffering from moderate hypothyroidism were at increased risk of thrombosis contrasting with the bleeding tendency of those presenting severe hypothyroidism. The latter state is associated with hemostatic anomalies including von Willebrand type 1 disease and increased ...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03347217
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Although vitamin D is reportedly associated with various cancers, the association between vitamin D and thyroid cancer is indefinite. We aimed to investigate whether this association applies to thyroid cancer (TC). METHODS:A total of 276 Chinese Han people were recruited in a current matched case-control study...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s40618-018-0853-9
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The DAZ (deleted in azoospermia) gene family is considered the major AZFc ("azoospermia factor" c) candidate responsible for male infertility. However, other genes have been recently mapped to this region and they could contribute to the AZFc phenotype. In particular, the testis-specific CDY1 (chromadomain protein 1) ...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03343814
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the influence of chronological age and pubertal development on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to stress, we studied the possible correlations between male pubertal characteristics and salivary cortisol (C), DHEAS and the DHEAS/C ratio before (pre-stress) and after acute exercise-str...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03347373
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human thyroid blood flow rate (TBF) was measured during operations by electromagnetic flowmetry in 75 euthyroid patients with normal thyroid tissue, nodular goiter, or solitary adenoma, and in 22 hyperthyroid patients with diffuse or nodular goiter. Blood flow rate was measured in one to four of the thyroid arteries. ...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03349454
更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pheochromocytoma (PHEO) occasionally associates with pathological lesions of the adrenal cortex. In most of them, ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) produced by PHEO resulted in bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia. The coexistence of PHEO and pre-clinical Cushing's syndrome (PCS) of the same adrenal gland has...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03347247
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the case of a patient who developed Graves' disease and a papillary thyroid cancer only 5 years after irradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. This case is peculiar for the very short latency time between Hodgkin's disease treatment and thyroid cancer development, an event possibly relate...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03349835
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resveratrol, the naturally occurring polyphenolic compound characterized by anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and apoptotic properties, appears to contribute substantially to cardioprotection and cancer-prevention. In addition, resveratrol is believed to regulate several biological processes, mainly metabolism and agi...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3275/7926
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common heterogeneous endocrine disorder companied with neuroendocrine and metabolic disorders. Gut microbiota has been implicated to play a key role in metabolic diseases and the production of neurotransmitters. Previous studies have reported the alterations in the gut micr...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01481-5
更新日期:2021-01-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the effect of testosterone treatment on biomarkers calprotectin, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), soluble Klotho, phosphate, calcium, parathyroid hormone, creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate. DESIGN:Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. SETTING:Odense Andr...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s40618-016-0597-3
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Interleukin (IL)-8 is a proinflammatory C-X-C chemokine involved in inflammation underling cardiac diseases, primary or in comorbid condition, such diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor sildenafil can ameliorate cardiac conditions by counteracting inflammation. The study aim is t...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s40618-018-0977-y
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Somatostatin has been found in the pineal gland of several animal species, which suggests that it may be involved in the regulation of melatonin secretion. Whether somatostatin has regulatory influence on melatonin secretion in man has never been unequivocally shown. We studied the nocturnal melatonin secretion in 8 h...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF03343604
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) was developed to safely provide exogenous TSH stimulation in patients on thyroid hormone suppression therapy (THST), which is integral to long-term management of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Such stimulation allows detection of thyroid remnant and neoplastic...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genetic factors determining bone mineral density (BMD) are not well characterized. Many studies have investigated the relationship between the fokI polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in diverse populations and gender, resulting in conflicting outcomes. Because peak bone mass in men is closely related to...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03347571
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Central hypothyroidism (CH) is a rare cause of hypothyroidism characterized by a defect of thyroid hormone production due to an insufficient TSH stimulation. CH can be congenital in the case of genetic defects or acquired in the case of lesions affecting either pituitary or hypothalamus. Diagnosis is usually made on a...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thyrotoxicosis factitia, a syndrome due to the surreptitious ingestion of excess thyroid hormones, has generally been diagnosed in young or middle-aged women with psychopathological disturbances. We reviewed all the cases seen at our Institution over a 24-yr period, from 1973 to 1996. All 25 patients were women. Analy...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03350892
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mutations of the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) and/or Gαs gene have been found in a number of, but not all, autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs). Recently, in a 15-year-old girl with a hyperfunctioning papillary thyroid carcinoma, we found two somatic and germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (S...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40618-014-0081-x
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple pituitary hormone hypersecretions have already been described, but the co-occurrence of PRL and ACTH excess is very rare. To our knowledge, medical treatment with cabergoline only, avoiding pituitary surgery and radiotherapy in this type of tumor has never been reported before. This case report deals with a 3...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03343983
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because women affected by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) present an increased cardiovascular risk, the safety of estroprogestin treatment is debated and contrasting data have been reported. However, cardiovascular risk is not the same in all PCOS women and individual cardiovascular risk should be assessed before sta...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3275/8882
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 39-year-old Danish woman was treated with an oral dose of 400 MBq 131I for a non-toxic goiter with compression symptoms. Serum anti-TPO and TSH receptor antibodies were negative before radioiodine therapy. The patient developed hyperthyroidism four months after treatment and ophthalmopathy after another three months...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03343594
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant that causes alterations in human health acting as endocrine disruptor. Recent data suggest that cardiovascular system might be a contamination target tissue, since Cd is found in atheromatic plaques. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the cons...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40618-018-0982-1
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis is dependent upon the secretion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), a tripeptide originating in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). These so-called hypophysiotropic neurons are under feedback inhibition by circulating levels of thyroid hormone...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adiponectin, a fat derived cytokine, is a potential independent contributor to bone mineral density (BMD); however, its action on bone metabolism in humans is still unclear. AIM:The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of adiponectin with bone mass indices and bone metabolic markers in midd...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3275/7744
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone matrix is composed mainly of inorganic materials, while the bone organic compartment is a minor and complex structural entity, surrounding and supporting cells. Three major classes of biomolecules are involved in this organic part: structural proteins, specialized proteins, and proteoglycans. This review will bri...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was performed to evaluate the antihypercalciuric effect of calcitonin (CT), a potent inhibitor of bone osteoclastic activity, on idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH). Forty-two stone formers were studied: 18 suffered from fasting hypercalciuria (FH), 12 from nonfasting hypercalciuria (NFH) and 12 were normocalciu...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03350171
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Merseburg triad (hyperthyroidism, goiter, and orbitopathy) characterizes classical description of Graves' disease (GD). Aim of this observational, longitudinal study was to evaluate the current clinical features of newly diagnosed GD in Italy. MATERIALS AND METHODS:In two Northern Italy centers (Varese a...
journal_title:Journal of endocrinological investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40618-016-0516-7
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00