British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies is a refereed academic journal published for the British Society for Middle Eastern Studies (popularly known as BRISMES). Founded in 1974 as the BRISMES Bulletin, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies assumed its present title in 1991 reflecting its growth into a fully-fledged scholarly journal. The editors aim to maintain a balance in the journal’s coverage between the modern social sciences and the more traditional disciplines associated with Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies. They welcome scholarly contributions on all aspects of the Middle East from the end of classical antiquity and the rise of Islam to the present day. Articles on the language, literature, history, politics, economics, anthropology, sociology, geography, philosophy and the religions and cultures of the region are encouraged. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies also includes a vigorous review section covering publications on all subjects connected with the Middle East. This incorporates a wide range of reference and bibliographical material seldom reviewed elsewhere.